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Razali S, Firus Khan AY, Khatib A, Ahmed QU, Abdul Wahab R, Zakaria ZA. An In Vitro Anticancer Activity Evaluation of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Leaves' Extract and its Metabolite Profile. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:741683. [PMID: 34721030 PMCID: PMC8548635 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.741683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Neolamarckia cadamba (NC) (Roxb.) Bosser (family: Rubiaceae) are traditionally used to treat breast cancer in Malaysia; however, this traditional claim is yet to be scientifically verified. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the anticancer effect of NC leaves' ethanol extract against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7 cells) using an in vitro cell viability, cytotoxicity, and gene expression assays followed by the gas chromatography analysis to further confirm active principles. Results revealed 0.2 mg/ml as the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against MCF-7. The extract exerted anticancer effect against MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The cell cycle assay showed that the extract arrested MCF-7 cells in the G0/G1 phase, and apoptosis was observed after 72 h by the Annexin-V assay. The gene expression assay revealed that the cell cycle arrest was associated with the downregulation of CDK2 and subsequent upregulation of p21 and cyclin E. The extract induced apoptosis via the mediation of the mitochondrial cell death pathways. A chromatography analysis revealed the contribution of D-pinitol and myo-inositol as the two major bioactive compounds to the activity observed. Overall, the study demonstrated that NC leaves' ethanol extract exerts anticancer effect against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, thereby justifying its traditional use for the treatment of breast cancer in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakirah Razali
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Al'aina Yuhainis Firus Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Firus Khan AY, Ahmed QU, Nippun TS, Hilles A, Jalal TK, Teh LK, Salleh MZ, Noor SM, Seeni A, Khatib A, Wahab RA. Determination toxic effects of Hystrix Brachyura Bezoar extracts using cancer cell lines and embryo zebrafish (Danio rerio) models and identification of active principles through GC-MS analysis. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 262:113138. [PMID: 32726681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Porcupine bezoar (PB) is used as folk medicine for various medical conditions including cancer treatment in Malaysia. However, its toxicity profile has never been thoroughly ascertained to confirm its safe nature as an efficacious traditional medicine in the treatment of cancer as well as other ailments. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to reveal three different PBs' aqueous extracts(viz. PB-A, PB-B, PB-C) chemical constituent's profile using GC-MS analysis, anticancer property on A375, HeLa and MCF7 cancer cells, toxicity profile on zebrafish embryo morphology, EC50, LC50 and teratogenicity index. MATERIALS AND METHODS PBs' extracts characterization was performed through GC-MS analysis, in vitro anticancer effect was carried out on A375, HeLa and MCF7 cancer cell lines and finally and toxicity properties on three different PBs aqueous extracts (viz. PB-A, PB-B, PB-C) were determined using zebrafish embryo model. RESULTS The GC-MS analysis revealed 10 similar compounds in all PBs' extracts. Dilauryl thiodipropionate was found to be a major compound in all PBs' extracts followed by tetradecanoic acid. An in vitro anticancer study revealed PB extracts exerted median inhibition concentration (IC50) <50 μg/mL, on cancer cells viz. A375, HeLa and MCF7 with no significant toxicity on normal cells viz. NHDF cells. In vivo toxicity of PBs extracts found affecting tail detachment, hatching, craniofacial, brain morphology, soft tissues, edema, spinal, somites, notochord and cardiovascular system (brachycardia, disruption of blood circulation) deformities. The LC50 and EC50 demonstrated PB extracts effect as dose and time dependent with median concentration <150.0 μg/mL. Additionally, teratogenicity index (TI) viz. >1.0 revealed teratogenic property for PB extracts. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed that all three PBs aqueous extracts possessed anticancer activity and exhibited significant toxicological effects on zebrafish embryos with high teratogenicity index. Hence, its use as an anticancer agent requires further investigation and medical attentions to determine its safe dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al'aina Yuhainis Firus Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Tanzina Sharmin Nippun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ayah Hilles
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Tara K Jalal
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Pharmacogenomics Centre PROMISE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Pharmacogenomics Centre PROMISE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azman Seeni
- Cluster of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, 60155, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ridhwan Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Narayanamurthy V, Samsuri F, Firus Khan AY, Hamzah HA, Baharom MB, Kumary TV, Anil Kumar PR, Raj DK. Direct cell imprint lithography in superconductive carbon black polymer composites: process optimization, characterization and in vitro toxicity analysis. Bioinspir Biomim 2019; 15:016002. [PMID: 30897554 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ab1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell imprint lithography (CIL) or cell replication plays a vital role in fields like biomimetic smart culture substrates, bone tissue engineering, cell guiding, cell adhesion, tissue engineering, cell microenvironments, tissue microenvironments, cell research, drug delivery, diagnostics, therapeutics and many other applications. Herein we report a new formulation of superconductive carbon black photopolymer composite and its characterization towards a CIL process technique. In this article, we demonstrated an approach of using a carbon nanoparticle-polymer composite (CPC) for patterning cells. It is observed that a 0.3 wt % load of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) in a carbon polymer mixture (CPM) was optimal for cell-imprint replica fabrication. The electrical resistance of the 3-CPC (0.3 wt %) was reduced by 68% when compared to N-CPC (0 wt %). This method successfully replicated the single cell with sub-organelle scale. The shape of microvesicles, grooves, pores, blebs or microvilli on the cellular surface was patterned clearly. This technique delivers a free-standing cell feature substrate. In vitro evaluation of the polymer demonstrated it as an ideal candidate for biomimetic biomaterial applications. This approach also finds its application in study based on morphology, especially for drug delivery applications and for investigations based on molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Malaysia. Faculty of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia
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Narayanamurthy V, Padmapriya P, Noorasafrin A, Pooja B, Hema K, Firus Khan AY, Nithyakalyani K, Samsuri F. Skin cancer detection using non-invasive techniques. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28095-28130. [PMID: 35542700 PMCID: PMC9084287 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer and is globally rising. Historically, the diagnosis of skin cancers has depended on various conventional techniques which are of an invasive manner. A variety of commercial diagnostic tools and auxiliary techniques are available to detect skin cancer. This article explains in detail the principles and approaches involved for non-invasive skin cancer diagnostic methods such as photography, dermoscopy, sonography, confocal microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, the multispectral imaging technique, thermography, electrical bio-impedance, tape stripping and computer-aided analysis. The characteristics of an ideal screening test are outlined, and the authors pose several points for clinicians and scientists to consider in the evaluation of current and future studies of skin cancer detection and diagnosis. This comprehensive review critically analyses the literature associated with the field and summarises the recent updates along with their merits and demerits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy
- InnoFuTech No: 42/12, 7th Street, Vallalar Nagar, Pattabiram Chennai Tamil Nadu 600072 India
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang Pekan 26600 Malaysia
| | - P Padmapriya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Veltech Multitech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Engineering College Chennai 600 062 India
| | - A Noorasafrin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Veltech Multitech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Engineering College Chennai 600 062 India
| | - B Pooja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Veltech Multitech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Engineering College Chennai 600 062 India
| | - K Hema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Veltech Multitech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Engineering College Chennai 600 062 India
| | - Al'aina Yuhainis Firus Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia 25200 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - K Nithyakalyani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Veltech Multitech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Engineering College Chennai 600 062 India
| | - Fahmi Samsuri
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang Pekan 26600 Malaysia
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