Synergistic interaction between scrap tyre and plastics for the production of sulphur-free, light oil from fast co-pyrolysis

Fast co-pyrolysis offers a sustainable solution for upcycling polymer waste, including scrap tyre and plastics. Previous studies primarily focused on slow heating rates, neglecting synergistic mechanisms and sulphur transformation in co-pyrolysis with tyre. This research explored fast co-pyrolysis of scrap tyre with polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polystyrene (PS) to understand synergistic effects and sulphur transformation mechanisms. A pronounced synergy was observed between scrap tyre and plastics, with the nature of the synergy being plastic-type dependent. Remarkably, blending 75 wt% PS or LDPE with tyre effectively eliminated sulphur-bearing compounds in the liquid product. This reduction in sulphur content can substantially mitigate the release of hazardous materials into the environment, emphasizing the environmental significance of co-pyrolysis. The synergy between PP or LDPE and tyre amplified the production of lighter hydrocarbons, while PS's interaction led to the creation of monocyclic aromatics. These findings offer insights into the intricate chemistry of scrap tyre and plastic interactions and highlight the potential of co-pyrolysis in waste management. By converting potential pollutants into valuable products, this method can significantly reduce the release of hazardous materials into the environment.

Interruption of aortic arch in two foals

Two foals with a history of normalcy at birth developed a lack of exercise tolerance and weakness in the first few days of life. Weakness, inability to rise, and reluctance to suckle were common complaints. Physical examination of both foals revealed a cardiovascular abnormality, with a loud systolic murmur audible over both thoracic walls. Additional diagnostic techniques were blood gas analysis, radiography, cardiovascular catheterization, and necropsy. Necropsy findings were ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and congenital absence of the aortic arch. Additionally, 1 foal had anomalous drainage of the cranial vena cava into the left atrium.

Ebstein's anomaly: a report of 3 cases in the dog

Three young unrelated dogs were diagnosed as having the canine counterpart of Ebstein's anomaly, an eponymic term for a cardiac malformation in man. All of the dogs had systolic murmurs in the tricuspid area, and all had radiographic evidence of cardiac enlargement, particularly of the right atrium. Electrocardiography indicated atrial disease or right atrial enlargement and right ventricular conduction defects. The defect was confirmed by means of cardiac catheterization in all 3 dogs. Open heart surgery was performed on 2 of the dogs--plastic reconstruction of the tricuspid annulus and placement of a prosthetic valve in 1 and closure of an atrial septal defect in the other; both of these dogs died (1 day and 1 month after surgery).

Congenital pericardial diaphragmitic hernia and multiple cardiac defects in a litter of collies

Four Collie littermates had multiple cardiac and diaphragmatic anomalies. Ventricular septal defect was found in 3, pulmonic stenosis in 2, atrial septal defect in 1, mitral regurgitaion in 1, and pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in 3. Five additional littermates died within 72 hours of birth but were not necropsied. On the basis of available evidence, it was believed that the defects were congenital but not hereditary.

Aorticopulmonary septal defect in a dog

A 2-year-old Brittany Spaniel ahd clinical signs of pulmonary diseases and pulmonary hypertension, with cardiac murmur and congestive heart failure. Aorticopulmonary septal defect was detected by means of cardiac catheterization. Attempted surgical correciton was unsuccessful.