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Barutcu AR, Elizalde G, Gonzalez AE, Soni K, Rinn JL, Wagers AJ, Almada AE. Prolonged FOS activity disrupts a global myogenic transcriptional program by altering 3D chromatin architecture in primary muscle progenitor cells. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:20. [PMID: 35971133 PMCID: PMC9377060 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The AP-1 transcription factor, FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (FOS), is induced in adult muscle satellite cells (SCs) within hours following muscle damage and is required for effective stem cell activation and muscle repair. However, why FOS is rapidly downregulated before SCs enter cell cycle as progenitor cells (i.e., transiently expressed) remains unclear. Further, whether boosting FOS levels in the proliferating progeny of SCs can enhance their myogenic properties needs further evaluation. METHODS We established an inducible, FOS expression system to evaluate the impact of persistent FOS activity in muscle progenitor cells ex vivo. We performed various assays to measure cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as uncover changes in RNA levels and three-dimensional (3D) chromatin interactions. RESULTS Persistent FOS activity in primary muscle progenitor cells severely antagonizes their ability to differentiate and form myotubes within the first 2 weeks in culture. RNA-seq analysis revealed that ectopic FOS activity in muscle progenitor cells suppressed a global pro-myogenic transcriptional program, while activating a stress-induced, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) transcriptional signature. Additionally, we observed various FOS-dependent, chromosomal re-organization events in A/B compartments, topologically associated domains (TADs), and genomic loops near FOS-regulated genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that elevated FOS activity in recently activated muscle progenitor cells perturbs cellular differentiation by altering the 3D chromosome organization near critical pro-myogenic genes. This work highlights the crucial importance of tightly controlling FOS expression in the muscle lineage and suggests that in states of chronic stress or disease, persistent FOS activity in muscle precursor cells may disrupt the muscle-forming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rasim Barutcu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Present address: Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel Elizalde
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo E Gonzalez
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kartik Soni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John L Rinn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Present address: BioFrontiers and Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Albert E Almada
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Yagi M, Ji F, Charlton J, Cristea S, Messemer K, Horwitz N, Di Stefano B, Tsopoulidis N, Hoetker MS, Huebner AJ, Bar-Nur O, Almada AE, Yamamoto M, Patelunas A, Goldhamer DJ, Wagers AJ, Michor F, Meissner A, Sadreyev RI, Hochedlinger K. Dissecting dual roles of MyoD during lineage conversion to mature myocytes and myogenic stem cells. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1209-1228. [PMID: 34413137 PMCID: PMC8415322 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348678.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The generation of myotubes from fibroblasts upon forced MyoD expression is a classic example of transcription factor-induced reprogramming. We recently discovered that additional modulation of signaling pathways with small molecules facilitates reprogramming to more primitive induced myogenic progenitor cells (iMPCs). Here, we dissected the transcriptional and epigenetic dynamics of mouse fibroblasts undergoing reprogramming to either myotubes or iMPCs using a MyoD-inducible transgenic model. Induction of MyoD in fibroblasts combined with small molecules generated Pax7+ iMPCs with high similarity to primary muscle stem cells. Analysis of intermediate stages of iMPC induction revealed that extinction of the fibroblast program preceded induction of the stem cell program. Moreover, key stem cell genes gained chromatin accessibility prior to their transcriptional activation, and these regions exhibited a marked loss of DNA methylation dependent on the Tet enzymes. In contrast, myotube generation was associated with few methylation changes, incomplete and unstable reprogramming, and an insensitivity to Tet depletion. Finally, we showed that MyoD's ability to bind to unique bHLH targets was crucial for generating iMPCs but dispensable for generating myotubes. Collectively, our analyses elucidate the role of MyoD in myogenic reprogramming and derive general principles by which transcription factors and signaling pathways cooperate to rewire cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yagi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Fei Ji
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jocelyn Charlton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Genome Regulation, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simona Cristea
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen Messemer
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Naftali Horwitz
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Bruno Di Stefano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Nikolaos Tsopoulidis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Michael S Hoetker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Aaron J Huebner
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ori Bar-Nur
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Albert E Almada
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Anthony Patelunas
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - David J Goldhamer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,The Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Department of Genome Regulation, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Almada AE, Horwitz N, Price FD, Gonzalez AE, Ko M, Bolukbasi OV, Messemer KA, Chen S, Sinha M, Rubin LL, Wagers AJ. FOS licenses early events in stem cell activation driving skeletal muscle regeneration. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108656. [PMID: 33503437 PMCID: PMC9112118 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle satellite cells (SCs) are a quiescent (non-proliferative) stem cell population in uninjured skeletal muscle. Although SCs have been investigated for nearly 60 years, the molecular drivers that transform quiescent SCs into the rapidly dividing (activated) stem/progenitor cells that mediate muscle repair after injury remain largely unknown. Here we identify a prominent FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (Fos) mRNA and protein signature in recently activated SCs that is rapidly, heterogeneously, and transiently induced by muscle damage. We further reveal a requirement for FOS to efficiently initiate key stem cell functions, including cell cycle entry, proliferative expansion, and muscle regeneration, via induction of “pro-regenerative” target genes that stimulate cell migration, division, and differentiation. Disruption of one of these Fos/AP-1 targets, NAD(+)-consuming mono-ADP-ribosyl-transferase 1 (Art1), in SCs delays cell cycle entry and impedes progenitor cell expansion and muscle regeneration. This work uncovers an early-activated FOS/ART1/mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) pathway that is essential for stem cell-regenerative responses. How adult stem cells are activated to repair tissues and organs after injury remains one of the greatest mysteries in regenerative biology. Almada et al. reveal a FOS-driven “pro-regenerative” transcriptional gene network, including the NAD(+)-dependent mono-ADP-ribosylating (MARylating) enzyme Art1, that drives effective muscle stem cell activation and muscle repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E Almada
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Naftali Horwitz
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Feodor D Price
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alfredo E Gonzalez
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle Ko
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ozge Vargel Bolukbasi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kathleen A Messemer
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sonia Chen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Manisha Sinha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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