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Rivera-Bautista C, Grajales-Lagunes A, Relling A, Chay-Canul A, Vazquez-Valladolid A, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Lee-Rangel HA. Effect of age and diet on carcass and meat quality in ewes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22350. [PMID: 38034694 PMCID: PMC10687064 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study elucidated the effect of age and diet on carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters of Rambouillet ewes. Forty ewes (n = 20 yearling ewes and n = 20 cull ewes) were fed with alfalfa hay (AH) or a 100 % concentrate diet (CD). Treatments were: a) 10 cull ewes were fed only with AH, b) 10 yearling ewes were fed only with AH, c) 10 cull ewes were fed with CD, d) 10 yearling ewes were fed with CD. Productive performance, carcass and meat quality were analyzed. Animals had ten days for adaptation and 35 days were used to collect data. Dry matter intake was greater (P < 0.05) for CD. Feed conversion rates were not affected by treatments. The pH at 45 min and 24 h, carcass length, leg length, leg width, thorax width, and thorax perimeter were not affected by treatments. Hot carcass weight was heavier (P < 0.05) in cull ewes, cold carcass weight was increased (P < 0.05) with CD. Carcass yield (CY) was heavier in CD (P < 0.05). Cull ewes had greater (P < 0.05) lean CIELAB L*, a*, b*, c*, and h* values compared to yearling ewes. The color changes increased with age at five days (P < 0.05), but a decrease (P < 0.05) with diet was observed at ten days. Cathepsins B, B + L, and Lowry protein content were not affected by treatments. In conclusion, feeding cull ewes with concentrate diets may enhance body weight gain and carcass yield compared to a diet based on 100 % alfalfa hay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rivera-Bautista
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria - Centro de Biociencias Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, San Luis Potosí, 78321, Mexico
| | - Alicia Grajales-Lagunes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, 78000, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Relling
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Alfonso Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, 86280, Mexico
| | - Anayeli Vazquez-Valladolid
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria - Centro de Biociencias Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, San Luis Potosí, 78321, Mexico
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, P.O. Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Héctor A. Lee-Rangel
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria - Centro de Biociencias Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, San Luis Potosí, 78321, Mexico
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Tajonar K, Gonzalez-Ronquillo M, Relling A, Nordquist RE, Nawroth C, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E. Toward assessing the role of dietary fatty acids in lamb's neurological and cognitive development. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1081141. [PMID: 36865439 PMCID: PMC9971820 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1081141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and measuring sheep cognition and behavior can provide us with measures to safeguard the welfare of these animals in production systems. Optimal neurological and cognitive development of lambs is important to equip individuals with the ability to better cope with environmental stressors. However, this development can be affected by nutrition with a special role from long-chain fatty acid supply from the dam to the fetus or in lamb's early life. Neurological development in lambs takes place primarily during the first two trimesters of gestation. Through late fetal and early postnatal life, the lamb brain has a high level of cholesterol synthesis. This rate declines rapidly at weaning and remains low throughout adulthood. The main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the brain are ω-6 arachidonic acid and ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are elements of plasma membranes' phospholipids in neuronal cells. DHA is essential for keeping membrane integrity and is vital for normal development of the central nervous system (CNS), and its insufficiency can damage cerebral functions and the development of cognitive capacities. In sheep, there is evidence that supplying PUFA during gestation or after birth may be beneficial to lamb productive performance and expression of species-specific behaviors. The objective of this perspective is to discuss concepts of ruminant behavior and nutrition and reflect on future research directions that could help to improve our knowledge on how dietary fatty acids (FA) relate to optimal neurological and cognitive development in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tajonar
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Rumiantes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico,Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Relling
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Nordquist
- Unit Animals in Science and Society, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christian Nawroth
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany,*Correspondence: Christian Nawroth ✉
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ✉
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Waldon N, Nickles K, Parker A, Swanson K, Relling A. A review of the effect of nutrient and energy restriction during late gestation on beef cattle offspring growth and development. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac319. [PMID: 36592744 PMCID: PMC9831102 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the environment, including nutritional changes, can influence fetal and postnatal development of the offspring, which can result in differences in growth, metabolism, reproduction, and health later in life. In beef cattle research on energy and protein restriction during late gestation appears to be contradictory. Therefore, in this review, we will examine the nutrient requirements recommended for this period. We are summarizing contradictory data on effects on offspring performance with possible explanations of the reason for why the data seems contradictory. We will finish by discussing some areas that we consider important for further research to increase the knowledge on how maternal nutrition influences offspring development. In particular, suggestions are provided on the need for more accurately measuring nutrient and energy supply and use and the impact on subsequent epigenetic effects. This will improve understanding of nutritional effects during gestation on offspring performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Waldon
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Kirsten Nickles
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Anthony Parker
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Kendall Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Alejandro Relling
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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Sears A, Gonzalez O, Alberto A, Young A, de Souza J, Relling A, Batistel F. Effect of feeding a palmitic acid-enriched supplement on production responses and nitrogen metabolism of mid-lactating Holstein and Jersey cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8898-8909. [PMID: 32713701 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of feeding a palmitic acid-enriched supplement on production responses and nitrogen metabolism of mid-lactating Holstein and Jersey cows. Eighty mid-lactating dairy cows, 40 Holstein and 40 Jersey, were used in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement; the main plot was breed and the subplot was fatty acid treatment. Cows within each breed were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: (1) control diet with no fat supplement or (2) control diet plus a palmitic acid-enriched supplement dosed at 1.5% of diet dry matter (PA treatment). The treatment period was 6 wk with the final 3 wk used for data and sample collection. There were no treatment × breed interactions for the variables analyzed. Compared with control, PA treatment increased milk fat yield (1.36 vs. 1.26 kg/d) and tended to increase 3.5% fat-corrected milk (35.6 vs. 34.0 kg/d) and energy-corrected milk (35.7 vs. 34.1 kg/d). There was no effect of PA treatment on dry matter intake, milk yield, milk protein yield, milk lactose yield, body condition score, body weight (BW) change, nitrogen intake, and variables related to nitrogen metabolism and excretion. Compared with Holstein cows, Jersey cows had greater dry matter intake as a percent of BW (4.90 vs. 3.37% of BW) and lower milk production (29.6 vs. 32.7 kg/d) and milk lactose yield (1.58 vs. 1.42 kg/d), but tended to have greater milk fat yield (1.36 vs. 1.26 kg/d). There was a breed effect on BW change; Holstein cows gained 0.385 kg/d during the experiment, and Jersey cows gained 0.145 kg/d. Jersey cows had lower nitrogen intake (636 vs. 694 g/d), blood urea nitrogen (12.6 vs. 13.8 mg/dL), urine total nitrogen (125 vs. 145 g/d), and urine total nitrogen as a percent of nitrogen intake (19.5 vs. 21.1%). Overall, feeding a palmitic acid-enriched supplement increased milk fat yield as well as dry matter and fiber digestibility in both Holstein and Jersey cows. The PA treatment did not have any major effects on nitrogen metabolism in both Holstein and Jersey cows. In addition, our results indicated that Jersey cows had lower urinary nitrogen excretion (g/d) than Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Sears
- Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322
| | - Osvaldo Gonzalez
- Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322
| | - Anthony Alberto
- Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322
| | - Allen Young
- Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322
| | | | - Alejandro Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691
| | - Fernanda Batistel
- Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322.
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Risso AL, Pellegrino F, Corrada Y, Nicolof N, Seoane A, Relling A. 874 Effect of dietary fish oil and vitamin E on DNA damage in dogs undergoing training. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nickles K, Relling A. 383 Effect of increasing amount of Amaferm on animal performance in receiving feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Coleman DN, Relling A, Rivera-Acevedo KC. 356 The effects of supplementing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahenaenoic acid during late gestation on lamb metabolism and performance. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Coleman DN, Relling A, Dieter PA. 113 The effects of supplementing EPA and DHA during late gestation on ewe metabolic profile and milk production. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Turiello P, Ruiz de Huidobro M, Bargo F, Larriestra A, Relling A. 1239 Sources of variation in dry matter content and particle size distribution in total mixed rations in dairy farms in Argentina. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mendoza-Martínez GD, Pinos-Rodríguez JM, Lee-Rangel HA, Hernández-García PA, Rojo-Rubio R, Relling A. Effects of dietary calcium propionate on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. Anim Prod Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an14824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of two levels of calcium propionate on lamb performance and some carcass characteristics. Twenty-one male Creole lambs with an initial weight of 25.3 ± 3.3 kg were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: 0, 10, and 20 g of calcium propionate/kg of diet (dry matter basis). Intake, daily gain, feed conversion, carcass weight, and rib eye area were not affected (P < 0.05) by calcium propionate addition. Ruminal fermentation was not altered (rumen pH, volatile fatty acids concentration, and fermentation pattern), and ruminal ammonia-N presented a quadratic response (P < 0.05). In fat from the longissimus dorsi muscle, oleic acid showed a linear decrease (P < 0.05) and α-linolenic presented a linear increment (P < 0.05). The addition of 10 or 20 g of calcium propionate in diets containing 350 g/kg grain and 100 g/kg molasses did not modify the productive performance of lambs or ruminal fermentation, and minor changes were detected in long-chain fatty acid in intramuscular fat.
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