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Jaskulska A, Šulčius S, Kokociński M, Koreivienė J, Nájera AF, Mankiewicz-Boczek J. Cyanophage Distribution Across European Lakes of the Temperate-Humid Continental Climate Zone Assessed Using PCR-Based Genetic Markers. Microb Ecol 2022; 83:284-295. [PMID: 34091717 PMCID: PMC8891191 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the diversity and distribution of freshwater cyanophages are generally limited to the small geographical areas, in many cases including only one or few lakes. Data from dozens of various lakes distributed at a larger distance are necessary to understand their spatial distribution and sensitivity to biotic and abiotic factors. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the diversity and distribution of cyanophages within the infected cells using marker genes (psbA, nblA, and g91) in 21 Polish and Lithuanian lakes. Physicochemical factors that might be related to them were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that genetic markers representing cyanophages were observed in most lakes studied. The frequently detected gene was psbA with 88% of cyanophage-positive samples, while nblA and g91 were found in approximately 50% of lakes. The DNA sequence analyses for each gene demonstrated low variability between them, although the psbA sequences branched within the larger cluster of marine Synechoccocuss counterparts. The principal component analysis allowed to identify significant variation between the lakes that presented high and low cyanobacterial biomass. The lakes with high cyanobacterial biomass were further separated by country and the different diversity of cyanobacteria species, particularly Planktothrix agardhii, was dominant in the Polish lakes and Planktolyngbya limnetica in the Lithuanian lakes. The total phosphorous and the presence of cyanophage genes psbA and nblA were the most important factors that allowed differentiation for the Polish lakes, while the pH and the genes g91 and nblA for the Lithuanian lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jaskulska
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 12/16 Banacha, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Sigitas Šulčius
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, 2 Akademijos, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikołaj Kokociński
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 6 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Judita Koreivienė
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology, Nature Research Centre, 2 Akademijos, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arnoldo Font Nájera
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 12/16 Banacha, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Tylna, 90-364, Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Mankiewicz-Boczek
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Tylna, 90-364, Łódź, Poland.
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Mankiewicz-Boczek J, Jaskulska A, Pawełczyk J, Gągała I, Serwecińska L, Dziadek J. Cyanophages Infection of Microcystis Bloom in Lowland Dam Reservoir of Sulejów, Poland. Microb Ecol 2016; 71:315-25. [PMID: 26403721 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An increased incidence of cyanobacterial blooms, which are largely composed of toxigenic cyanobacteria from the Microcystis genus, leads to a disruption of aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Therefore, a better understanding of the impact of environmental parameters on the development and collapse of blooms is important. The objectives of the present study were as follows: (1) to investigate the presence and identity of Microcystis-specific cyanophages capable of cyanobacterial cell lysis in a lowland dam reservoir in Central Europe; (2) to investigate Microcystis sensitivity to phage infections with regard to toxic genotypes; and (3) to identify key abiotic parameters influencing phage infections during the summer seasons between 2009 and 2013. Sequencing analysis of selected g91 gene amplification products confirmed that the identified cyanophages belonged to the family Myoviridae (95 % homology). Cyanophages and Microcystis hosts, including toxic genotypes, were positively correlated in 4 of the 5 years analyzed (r = 0.67-0.82). The average percentage of infected Microcystis cells varied between 0.1 and 32 %, and no particular sensitivity of the phages to toxigenic genotypes was recorded. The highest number of cyanophages (>10(4) gene copy number per microliter) was observed in the period preceded by the following: an increase of the water retention time, growth of the water temperature, optimum nutrient concentrations, and the predomination of Microcystis bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mankiewicz-Boczek
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland.
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364, Łódź, Poland.
| | - A Jaskulska
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Pawełczyk
- Institute for Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Łódź, Poland
| | - I Gągała
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364, Łódź, Poland
| | - L Serwecińska
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Dziadek
- Institute for Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Łódź, Poland
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Mankiewicz-Boczek J, Gągała I, Jurczak T, Jaskulska A, Pawełczyk J, Dziadek J. Bacteria homologus to Aeromonas capable of microcystin degradation. Open Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2015-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWater blooms dominated by cyanobacteria are capable of producing hepatotoxins known as microcystins. These toxins are dangerous to people and to the environment. Therefore, for a better understanding of the biological termination of this increasingly common phenomenon, bacteria with the potential to degrade cyanobacteria-derived hepatotoxins and the degradative activity of culturable bacteria were studied. Based on the presence of the mlrA gene, bacteria with a homology to the Sphingopyxis and Stenotrophomonas genera were identified as those presenting potential for microcystins degradation directly in the water samples from the Sulejów Reservoir (SU, Central Poland). However, this biodegrading potential has not been confirmed in in vitro experiments. The degrading activity of the culturable isolates from the water studied was determined in more than 30 bacterial mixes. An analysis of the biodegradation of the microcystin-LR (MC-LR) together with an analysis of the phylogenetic affiliation of bacteria demonstrated for the first time that bacteria homologous to the Aeromonas genus were able to degrade the mentioned hepatotoxin, although the mlrA gene was not amplified. The maximal removal efficiency of MC-LR was 48%. This study demonstrates a new aspect of interactions between the microcystin-containing cyanobacteria and bacteria from the Aeromonas genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mankiewicz-Boczek
- 1European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, 90-364, Poland
- 2Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, 90-237, Poland
| | - I. Gągała
- 1European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, 90-364, Poland
| | - T. Jurczak
- 2Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, 90-237, Poland
| | - A. Jaskulska
- 2Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, 90-237, Poland
| | - J. Pawełczyk
- 3Institute for Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, 93-232, Poland
| | - J. Dziadek
- 3Institute for Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, 93-232, Poland
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Gągała I, Izydorczyk K, Jurczak T, Pawełczyk J, Dziadek J, Wojtal-Frankiewicz A, Jóźwik A, Jaskulska A, Mankiewicz-Boczek J. Role of environmental factors and toxic genotypes in the regulation of microcystins-producing cyanobacterial blooms. Microb Ecol 2014; 67:465-79. [PMID: 24241584 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand: (1) how environmental conditions can contribute to formation of Microcystis-dominated blooms in lowland, dam reservoirs in temperate climate-with the use of quantitative molecular monitoring, and (2) what is the role of toxic Microcystis genotypes in the bloom functioning. Monitoring of the Sulejow Reservoir in 2009 and 2010 in two sites Tresta (TR) and Bronislawow BR), which have different morphometry, showed that physicochemical conditions were always favorable for cyanobacterial bloom formation. In 2009, the average biomass of cyanobacteria reached 13 mg L(-1) (TR) and 8 mg L(-1) (BR), and in the second year, it decreased to approximately 1 mg L(-1) (TR and BR). In turns, the mean number of toxic Microcystis genotypes in the total Microcystis reached 1% in 2009, both in TR and BR, and in 2010, the number increased to 70% in TR and 14 % in BR. Despite significant differences in the biomass of cyanobacteria in 2009 and 2010, the mean microcystins (MCs) concentration and toxicity stayed at a similar level of approximately 1 μg L(-1). Statistical analysis indicated that water retention time was a factor that provided a significant difference between the two monitoring seasons and was considered a driver of the changes occurring in the Sulejow Reservoir. Hydrologic differences, which occurred between two studied years due to heavy flooding in Poland in 2010, influenced the decrease in number of Microcystis biomass by causing water disturbances and by lowering water temperature. Statistical analysis showed that Microcystis aeruginosa biomass and 16S rRNA gene copy number representing Microcystis genotypes in both years of monitoring could be predicted on the basis of total and dissolved phosphorus concentrations and water temperature. In present study, the number of mcyA gene copies representing toxic Microcystis genotypes could be predicted based on the biomass of M. aeruginosa. Moreover, MCs toxicity and concentration could be predicted on the basic of mcyA gene copy number and M. aeruginosa (biomass, 16S rRNA), respectively. Present findings may indicate that Microcystis can regulate the number of toxic genotypes, and in this way adjust the whole bloom to be able to produce MCs at the level which is necessary for its maintenance in the Sulejow Reservoir under stressful hydrological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Gągała
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364, Lodz, Poland,
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