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Marchetto F, Santaeufemia S, Lebiedzińska-Arciszewska M, Śliwińska MA, Pich M, Kurek E, Naziębło A, Strawski M, Solymosi D, Szklarczyk M, Bulska E, Szymański J, Wierzbicka M, Allahverdiyeva Y, Więckowski MR, Kargul J. Dynamic adaptation of the extremophilic red microalga Cyanidioschyzon merolae to high nickel stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 207:108365. [PMID: 38266563 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The order of Cyanidiales comprises seven acido-thermophilic red microalgal species thriving in hot springs of volcanic origin characterized by extremely low pH, moderately high temperatures and the presence of high concentrations of sulphites and heavy metals that are prohibitive for most other organisms. Little is known about the physiological processes underlying the long-term adaptation of these extremophiles to such hostile environments. Here, we investigated the long-term adaptive responses of a red microalga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, a representative of Cyanidiales, to extremely high nickel concentrations. By the comprehensive physiological, microscopic and elemental analyses we dissected the key physiological processes underlying the long-term adaptation of this model extremophile to high Ni exposure. These include: (i) prevention of significant Ni accumulation inside the cells; (ii) activation of the photoprotective response of non-photochemical quenching; (iii) significant changes of the chloroplast ultrastructure associated with the formation of prolamellar bodies and plastoglobuli together with loosening of the thylakoid membranes; (iv) activation of ROS amelioration machinery; and (v) maintaining the efficient respiratory chain functionality. The dynamically regulated processes identified in this study are discussed in the context of the mechanisms driving the remarkable adaptability of C. merolae to extremely high Ni levels exceeding by several orders of magnitude those found in the natural environment of the microalga. The processes identified in this study provide a solid basis for the future investigation of the specific molecular components and pathways involved in the adaptation of Cyanidiales to the extremely high Ni concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marchetto
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergio Santaeufemia
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata A Śliwińska
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pich
- Biological and Chemical Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Kurek
- Biological and Chemical Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Naziębło
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Strawski
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Solymosi
- Molecular Plant Biology Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Marek Szklarczyk
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bulska
- Biological and Chemical Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Szymański
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wierzbicka
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Mariusz R Więckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kargul
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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Naziębło A, Merlak HM, Wierzbicka MH. The bundle sheath in Zea mays leaves functions as a protective barrier against the toxic effect of lead. J Plant Physiol 2023; 290:154104. [PMID: 37839393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a highly toxic metal. It impairs the metabolism of living organisms. Plants show different sensitivity to the action of this element. One of the plants with relatively high lead tolerance is Zea mays, where even in detached leaves treated with Pb2+ ions, the photosynthesis rate remains very high compared to other plant species. This study set out to determine the mechanism responsible for the high resistance of maize photosynthetic tissue to the toxic effect of this metal. For this purpose, the cut leaves of Z. mays were incubated in Pb(NO3)2 solutions at different concentrations. Regions of lead accumulation in tissues and cells were located using histochemical methods and transmission electron microscopy. The experiments showed a diverse distribution of lead ions in the leaf blade of Z. mays. Most of the accumulated Pb2+ ions were observed in the vascular bundle and the bundle sheath, while minimal traces of metal were transferred to the mesophyll. In Pisum sativum leaves, although Pb(NO3)2 concentration in the solution was two-fold lower, lead accumulated in all the leaf tissues - mainly in the vascular bundle, epidermis, sclerenchyma, and mesophyll. Thus, bundle sheath cells in maize leaves were able to inhibit the flow of Pb2+ ions to the ground tissue. Therefore, the influence of the toxic metal on photosynthesis in mesophyll cells remained minimal. These experiments show that the structure of Z. mays leaf, with a layer of bundle sheath cells (characteristic of C4 plants), contributes to the protecting photosynthetic tissue against the toxic effect of lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Naziębło
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Hanna M Merlak
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata H Wierzbicka
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland
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Wierzbicka M, Bodzon K, Naziębło A, Tarnawska Z, Wróbel M, Brzost K, Panufnik-Mędrzycka D. Reducing lead uptake by plants as a way to lead-free food. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 256:114875. [PMID: 37059018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this research, an attempt was made to produce safe food from lead-contaminated soil. It was assumed that an increased amount of calcium (Ca) in plants would prevent them from lead (Pb) uptake. A new-generation agricultural product - an activator of Ca transport in plants "InCa" (from Plant Impact) - was used. The study was conducted on several crop species, Cucumis sativus L., Linum usitatissimum L., Medicago sativa L. and Solanum lycopersicum L., cultivated in mineral medium. The leaves were sprayed with InCa activator while the roots received Pb from the substrate in the form of Pb(NO3)2 dissolved in the medium. It was shown that spraying the leaves with InCa reduced Pb concentration in the roots of S. lycopersicum to 73%, in C. sativus to 60%, and in L. usitatissimum to 57%. Finally, it was found that foliar application of InCa reduced the concentration of Pb in plant roots by 53%, and in plant shoots by 57% (on average by about 55%). These observations were confirmed using histochemical and electron microscopy techniques. It was shown that one of the InCa activator components - Ca(NO₃)₂ - is responsible for such effects. This result was verified by using another experimental method - the Allium epidermis test. Visualization of Pb in epidermal cells of Allium cepa. L. using the Leadmium™Green fluorescent probe (confocal microscopy) showed a reduction in the amount of Pb that entered the epidermal cells after the application of the tested solutions. For the first time, it was shown that it is possible to reduce Pb uptake by plants by up to 55%. In the future, this offers the possibility of developing a foliar calcium preparation aimed at lowering the concentration of Pb in plants and thereby reducing the amount of Pb in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Bodzon
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Naziębło
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Tarnawska
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland; Inter-faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Wróbel
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Brzost
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
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