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Vigliar E, Pisapia P, Dello Iacovo F, Alcaraz‐Mateos E, Alì G, Ali SZ, Baloch ZW, Bellevicine C, Bongiovanni M, Botsun P, Bruzzese D, Bubendorf L, Büttner R, Canberk S, Capitanio A, Casadio C, Cazacu E, Cochand‐Priollet B, D’Amuri A, Davis K, Eloy C, Engels M, Fadda G, Fontanini G, Fulciniti F, Hofman P, Iaccarino A, Ieni A, Jiang XS, Kakudo K, Kern I, Kholova I, Linton McDermott KM, Liu C, Lobo A, Lozano MD, Malapelle U, Maleki Z, Michelow P, Mikula MW, Musayev J, Özgün G, Oznur M, Peiró Marqués FM, Poller D, Pyzlak M, Robinson B, Rossi ED, Roy‐Chowdhuri S, Saieg M, Savic Prince S, Schmitt FC, Seguí Iváñez FJ, Štoos‐Veić T, Sulaieva O, Sweeney BJ, Tuccari G, van Velthuysen M, VanderLaan PA, Vielh P, Viola P, Voorham QJM, Weynand B, Zeppa P, Faquin WC, Pitman MB, Troncone G. COVID-19 pandemic impact on cytopathology practice in the post-lockdown period: An international, multicenter study. Cancer Cytopathol 2022; 130:344-351. [PMID: 35006650 PMCID: PMC9015399 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous worldwide survey, the authors showed a drastic reduction in the number of cytological specimens processed during the coronavirus disease 2019 "lockdown" period along with an increase in malignancy rates. To assess the continued impact of the pandemic on cytological practices around the world, they undertook a second follow-up worldwide survey collecting data from the post-lockdown period (2020). METHODS Participants were asked to provide data regarding their cytopathology activity during the first 12 weeks of their respective national post-lockdown period (2020), which ranged from April 4 to October 31. Differences between the post-lockdown period and the corresponding 2019 period were evaluated, and the authors specifically focused on rates of malignant diagnoses. RESULTS A total of 29 respondents from 17 countries worldwide joined the survey. Overall, a lower number of cytological specimens (n = 236,352) were processed in comparison with the same period in 2019 (n = 321,466) for a relative reduction of 26.5%. The overall malignancy rate showed a statistically significant increase (12,442 [5.26%] vs 12,882 [4.01%]; P < .001) during the same time period. Similar results were obtained if both malignancy and suspicious for malignancy rates were considered together (15,759 [6.58%] vs 16,011 [4.98%]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The data showed a persistent reduction in the cytological specimen volume during the post-lockdown period (2020). However, the relative increase in the cytological workload in the late part of the post-lockdown is a promising finding of a slow return to normality.
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Luchini C, Grillo F, Fassan M, Vanoli A, Capelli P, Paolino G, Ingravallo G, Renzulli G, Doglioni C, D’Amuri A, Mattiolo P, Pecori S, Parente P, Florena AM, Zamboni G, Scarpa A. Malignant epithelial/exocrine tumors of the pancreas. Pathologica 2020; 112:210-226. [PMID: 33179623 PMCID: PMC7931574 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic malignant exocrine tumors represent the most important cause of cancer-related death for pancreatic neoplasms. The most common tumor type in this category is represented by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), an ill defined, stroma-rich, scirrhous neoplasm with glandular differentiation. Here we present the relevant characteristics of the most important PDAC variants, namely adenosquamous carcinoma, colloid carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells, signet ring carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and hepatoid carcinoma. The other categories of malignant exocrine tumors, characterized by fleshy, stroma-poor, circumscribed neoplasms, include acinar cell carcinoma (pure and mixed), pancreatoblastoma, and solid pseudopapillary neoplasms. The most important macroscopic, histologic, immunohistochemical and molecular hallmarks of all these tumors, highlighting their key diagnostic/pathological features are presented. Lastly, standardized indications regarding gross sampling and how to compile a formal pathology report for pancreatic malignant exocrine tumors will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- Anatomic Pathology, San Martino IRCCS Hospital, Genova, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vanoli
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, and IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Italy
| | - Paola Capelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gaetano Paolino
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Renzulli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Vita e Salute University, Milan, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Mattiolo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Pecori
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Parente
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Ada M. Florena
- Department of Sciences for Promotion of Health and Mother and Child Care, Anatomic Pathology, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zamboni
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
- IRCSS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
- ARC-NET Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Fiorini C, Massari F, Pedron S, Sanavio S, Ciccarese C, Porcaro AB, Artibani W, Bertoldo F, Zampini C, Sava T, Ficial M, Caliò A, Chilosi M, D’Amuri A, Sanguedolce F, Tortora G, Scarpa A, Delahunt B, Porta C, Martignoni G, Brunelli M. Methods to identify molecular expression of mTOR pathway: a rationale approach to stratify patients affected by clear cell renal cell carcinoma for more likely response to mTOR inhibitors. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:907-915. [PMID: 25520878 PMCID: PMC4266722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since target therapy with mTOR inhibitors plays an important role in the current management of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), there is an increasing demand for predictive biomarkers, which may help to select patients that are most likely to benefit from personalized treatment. When dealing with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cancer tissue specimens, several techniques may be used to identify potential molecular markers, yielding different outcome in terms of accuracy. We sought to investigate and compare the capability of three main techniques to detect molecules performing an active function in mTOR pathway in RCC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) analyses were performed on FFPE RCC tissue specimens from 16 patients by using the following mTOR pathway-related: mTOR (Ser235/236), phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR/Ser2448), phospho-p70S6k (p-p70S6k/Thr389), both monoclonal and polyclonal, phospho-S6Rb (p-S6Rb) and phospho-4EBP1 (p-4EBP1/Thr37/46). No single molecule was simultaneously revealed by all three techniques. Only p-p70S6k was detected by two methods (IHC and IF) using a monoclonal antibody. The other molecules were detected exclusively by one technique, as follows: p-mTOR and polyclonal p-p70S6K by IHC, p70S6K, p-S6Rb and p-4EBP1 by WB, and, finally, mTOR by IF. We found significant differences in detecting mTOR pathway-related active biomarkers by using three common techniques such as IHC, WB and IF on RCC samples. Such results have important implications in terms of predictive biomarker testing, and need to be related to clinical end-points such as responsiveness to targeted drugs by prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fiorini
- Departments of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of VeronaItaly
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona AOUI, University of VeronaItaly
| | - Serena Pedron
- Departments of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of VeronaItaly
| | - Sara Sanavio
- Departments of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of VeronaItaly
| | - Chiara Ciccarese
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona AOUI, University of VeronaItaly
| | - Antonio Benito Porcaro
- Urologic Clinic, Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, University of VeronaItaly
| | - Walter Artibani
- Urologic Clinic, Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, University of VeronaItaly
| | | | - Claudia Zampini
- Departments of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of VeronaItaly
| | - Teodoro Sava
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona AOUI, University of VeronaItaly
| | - Miriam Ficial
- Departments of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of VeronaItaly
| | - Anna Caliò
- Departments of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of VeronaItaly
| | - Marco Chilosi
- Departments of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of VeronaItaly
| | | | - Francesca Sanguedolce
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of FoggiaItaly
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona AOUI, University of VeronaItaly
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Departments of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of VeronaItaly
- ARC-Net Research Center, Università di Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona AOUIVerona, Italy
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine, University of OtagoWellington, New Zealand
| | - Camillo Porta
- Medical Oncology, IRCSS Ospedale San MatteoPavia, Italy
| | - Guido Martignoni
- Departments of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of VeronaItaly
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Departments of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of VeronaItaly
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