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Obeng EM, Steer DL, Fulcher A, Wagstaff KM. Steric-Deficient Oligoglycine Surrogates Facilitate Multivalent and Bifunctional Nanobody Synthesis via Combined Sortase A Transpeptidation and Click Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1667-1678. [PMID: 37534819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Conferring multifunctional properties to proteins via enzymatic approaches has greatly facilitated recent progress in protein nanotechnology. In this regard, sortase (Srt) A transpeptidation has facilitated many of these developments due to its exceptional specificity, mild reaction conditions, and complementation with other bioorthogonal techniques, such as click chemistry. In most of these developments, Srt A is used to seamlessly tether oligoglycine-containing molecules to a protein of interest that is equipped with the enzyme's recognition sequence, LPXTG. However, the dependence on oligoglycine attacking nucleophiles and the associated cost of certain derivatives (e.g., cyclooctyne) limit the utility of this approach to lab-scale applications only. Thus, the quest to identify appropriate alternatives and understand their effectiveness remains an important area of research. This study identifies that steric and nucleophilicity-associated effects influence Srt A transpeptidation when two oligoglycine surrogates were examined. The approach was further used in complementation with click chemistry to synthesize bivalent and bifunctional nanobody conjugates for application in epithelial growth factor receptor targeting. The overall technique and tools developed here may facilitate the advancement of future nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M Obeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Steer
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fulcher
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie M Wagstaff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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Hoo W, Payne J, Tailhades J, Gullick J, Cass R, Pang ES, O'Keeffe M, Ellett F, Fulcher A, Irima D, Peleg A, Cryle M. 39: IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS ENHANCE NEUTROPHIL RECRUITMENT AND PHAGOCYTOSIS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2213-7165(22)00318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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York HM, Patil A, Moorthi UK, Kaur A, Bhowmik A, Hyde GJ, Gandhi H, Fulcher A, Gaus K, Arumugam S. Rapid whole cell imaging reveals a calcium-APPL1-dynein nexus that regulates cohort trafficking of stimulated EGF receptors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:224. [PMID: 33597720 PMCID: PMC7889693 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal system provides rich signal processing capabilities for responses elicited by growth factor receptors and their ligands. At the single cell level, endosomal trafficking becomes a critical component of signal processing, as exemplified by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. Activated EGFRs are trafficked to the phosphatase-enriched peri-nuclear region (PNR), where they are dephosphorylated and degraded. The details of the mechanisms that govern the movements of stimulated EGFRs towards the PNR, are not completely known. Here, exploiting the advantages of lattice light-sheet microscopy, we show that EGFR activation by EGF triggers a transient calcium increase causing a whole-cell level redistribution of Adaptor Protein, Phosphotyrosine Interacting with PH Domain And Leucine Zipper 1 (APPL1) from pre-existing endosomes within one minute, the rebinding of liberated APPL1 directly to EGFR, and the dynein-dependent translocation of APPL1-EGF-bearing endosomes to the PNR within ten minutes. The cell spanning, fast acting network that we reveal integrates a cascade of events dedicated to the cohort movement of activated EGF receptors. Our findings support the intriguing proposal that certain endosomal pathways have shed some of the stochastic strategies of traditional trafficking and have evolved processes that provide the temporal predictability that typify canonical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. York
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - A. Patil
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - U. K. Moorthi
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - A. Kaur
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Bhowmik
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - H. Gandhi
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - A. Fulcher
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Micro Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - K. Gaus
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Arumugam
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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Awad MM, Hutton ML, Quek AJ, Klare WP, Mileto SJ, Mackin K, Ly D, Oorschot V, Bosnjak M, Jenkin G, Conroy PJ, West N, Fulcher A, Costin A, Day CJ, Jennings MP, Medcalf RL, Sanderson-Smith M, Cordwell SJ, Law RHP, Whisstock JC, Lyras D. Human Plasminogen Exacerbates Clostridioides difficile Enteric Disease and Alters the Spore Surface. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1431-1443.e6. [PMID: 32574621 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The protease plasmin is an important wound healing factor, but it is not clear how it affects gastrointestinal infection-mediated damage, such as that resulting from Clostridioides difficile. We investigated the role of plasmin in C difficile-associated disease. This bacterium produces a spore form that is required for infection, so we also investigated the effects of plasmin on spores. METHODS C57BL/6J mice expressing the precursor to plasmin, the zymogen human plasminogen (hPLG), or infused with hPLG were infected with C difficile, and disease progression was monitored. Gut tissues were collected, and cytokine production and tissue damage were analyzed by using proteomic and cytokine arrays. Antibodies that inhibit either hPLG activation or plasmin activity were developed and structurally characterized, and their effects were tested in mice. Spores were isolated from infected patients or mice and visualized using super-resolution microscopy; the functional consequences of hPLG binding to spores were determined. RESULTS hPLG localized to the toxin-damaged gut, resulting in immune dysregulation with an increased abundance of cytokines (such as interleukin [IL] 1A, IL1B, IL3, IL10, IL12B, MCP1, MP1A, MP1B, GCSF, GMCSF, KC, TIMP-1), tissue degradation, and reduced survival. Administration of antibodies that inhibit plasminogen activation reduced disease severity in mice. C difficile spores bound specifically to hPLG and active plasmin degraded their surface, facilitating rapid germination. CONCLUSIONS We found that hPLG is recruited to the damaged gut, exacerbating C difficile disease in mice. hPLG binds to C difficile spores, and, upon activation to plasmin, remodels the spore surface, facilitating rapid spore germination. Inhibitors of plasminogen activation might be developed for treatment of C difficile or other infection-mediated gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena M Awad
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Melanie L Hutton
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Adam J Quek
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - William P Klare
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven J Mileto
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kate Mackin
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Diane Ly
- Illawarra health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Viola Oorschot
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Marijana Bosnjak
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Grant Jenkin
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
| | - Paul J Conroy
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Nick West
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Alex Fulcher
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Adam Costin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | | | - Robert L Medcalf
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Martina Sanderson-Smith
- Illawarra health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Stuart J Cordwell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ruby H P Law
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - James C Whisstock
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; South East University-Monash Joint Institute, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
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Roly ZY, Major AT, Fulcher A, Estermann MA, Hirst CE, Smith CA. Adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR56, is required for Müllerian duct development in the chick. J Endocrinol 2020; 244:395-413. [PMID: 31829965 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic Müllerian ducts give rise to the female reproductive tract (fallopian tubes, uterus and upper vagina in humans, the oviducts in birds). Embryonic Müllerian ducts initially develop in both sexes, but later regress in males under the influence of anti-Müllerian hormone. While the molecular and endocrine control of duct regression in males have been well studied, early development of the ducts in both sexes is less well understood. Here, we describe a novel role for the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor, GPR56, in development of the Müllerian ducts in the chicken embryo. GPR56 is expressed in the ducts of both sexes from early stages. The mRNA is present during the elongation phase of duct formation, and it is restricted to the inner Müllerian duct epithelium. The putative ligand, Collagen III, is abundantly expressed in the Müllerian duct at the same developmental stages. Knockdown of GPR56 expression using in ovo electroporation results in variably truncated ducts, with a loss of expression of both epithelial and mesenchymal markers of duct development. Over-expression of GPR56 in vitro results in enhanced cell proliferation and cell migration. These results show that GPR56 plays an essential role in avian Müllerian duct development through the regulation of duct elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahida Yesmin Roly
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew T Major
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fulcher
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin A Estermann
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire E Hirst
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Maluf D, Fisher RA, Maroney T, Cotterell A, Fulcher A, Tisnado J, Contos M, Luketic V, Stravitz R, Shiffman M, Sterling R, Posner M. Non-resective ablation and liver transplantation in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): safety and efficacy. Am J Transplant 2003; 3:312-7. [PMID: 12614287 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2003.00041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of nonresective ablation techniques and the tumor-free survival of cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In group 1, 11 HCC patients were treated with these techniques and transplanted. On the waiting list, patients were treated to complete ablation, judged by gadolinium-enhanced MRI and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Group 1 was compared with a concurrent group of 10 liver transplant patients (group 2) with incidental HCC (stages T1 three patients, T2 seven patients). The group 1 patients received 36 procedures (4 alcohol ablations, 14 trans -hepatic artery chemo-embolizations, 15 trans -hepatic chemo-infusions, and 3 radio frequency ablations) for treatment of 13 liver masses. Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage was reduced in eight patients (72.7%), unchanged in two patients and increased in one patient before transplantation. The mean waiting time for transplantation was 12.9 7.6 months. Both groups had a tumor-free survival of 100%, at 30 12 months post transplant. On pathology, 54.5% of explanted livers had residual viable HCC after tumor treatment, and 36.4% (4/11) explants had synchronous lesions. Non-resective ablation therapy is safe and effective in reducing the HCC progression in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation. The cancer-free survival rate in this treatment group is equal to that for incidental T1-T2 HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maluf
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Radiology, Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980254, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Abstract
Only scattered reports of portal vein and superior mesenteric vein aneurysms appear in the literature. Case reports of three patients with portal vein and superior mesenteric vein aneurysms diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) and gray-scale, color Doppler, and duplex Doppler sonography are presented. In one case, an isolated portal vein aneurysm was demonstrated. In the second case, an aneurysm of the portal vein and superior mesenteric vein resulting in biliary ductal dilatation was observed. In the third case, an isolated superior mesenteric vein aneurysm was found. None of the patients had a history or clinical evidence of underlying liver disease, pancreatitis, or other disease states that would predispose them to the development of aneurysms. The clinical presentations, possible etiologies, and imaging features of portal vein and superior mesenteric vein aneurysms are reviewed. The value of CT and sonography in the detection and characterization of these rare aneurysms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fulcher
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond 23298-0615, USA
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Cohn S, Fulcher A, Gustafson N. Reliability study of a nursing flow sheet. J Nurs Adm 1975; 5:30-3. [PMID: 1042118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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