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Natukunda E, Szubert A, Otike C, Namyalo I, Nambi E, Bamford A, Doerholt K, Gibb DM, Musiime V, Musoke P. Bone mineral density among children living with HIV failing first-line anti-retroviral therapy in Uganda: A sub-study of the CHAPAS-4 trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288877. [PMID: 37471330 PMCID: PMC10359007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children living with perinatally acquired HIV (CLWH) survive into adulthood on antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV, ART, and malnutrition can all lead to low bone mineral density (BMD). Few studies have described bone health among CLWH in Sub-Saharan Africa. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with low BMD among CLWH switching to second-line ART in the CHAPAS-4 trial (ISRCTN22964075) in Uganda. METHODS BMD was determined using dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). BMD Z-scores were adjusted for age, sex, height and race. Demographic characteristics were summarized using median interquartile range (IQR) for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables. Logistic regression was used to determine the associations between each variable and low BMD. RESULTS A total of 159 children were enrolled (50% male) with median age (IQR) 10 (7-12) years, median duration of first -line ART 5.2(3.3-6.8) years; CD4 count 774 (528-1083) cells/mm3, weight-for-age Z-score -1.36 (-2.19, -0.65) and body mass index Z-score (BMIZ) -1.31 (-2.06, -0.6). Low (Z-score≤ -2) total body less head (TBLH) BMD was observed in 28 (18%) children, 21(13%) had low lumbar spine (LS) BMD, and15 (9%) had both. Low TBLH BMD was associated with increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.37; 95% CI: 1.13-1.65, p = 0.001), female sex (aOR: 3.8; 95% CL: 1.31-10.81, p = 0.014), low BMI (aOR 0.36:95% CI: 0.21-0.61, p<0.001), and first-line zidovudine exposure (aOR: 3.68; 95% CI: 1.25-10.8, p = 0.018). CD4 count, viral load and first- line ART duration were not associated with TBLH BMD. Low LS BMD was associated with increasing age (aOR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.16-1.74, p = 0.001) and female sex: (aOR 3.41; 95% CI: 1.18-9.8, p = 0.023). CONCLUSION Nearly 20% CLWH failing first-line ART had low BMD which was associated with female sex, older age, first-line ZDV exposure, and low BMI. Prevention, monitoring, and implications following transition to adult care should be prioritized to identify poor bone health in HIV+adolescents entering adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Szubert
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Alasdair Bamford
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Doerholt
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana M. Gibb
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Musiime
- Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University Kampala, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Phillipa Musoke
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University Kampala, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (MUJHU CARE), Kampala, Uganda
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Drummond MW, Pocock C, Boissinot M, Mills J, Brown J, Cauchy P, Cross NCP, Hartley S, Kell J, Szubert A, Cockerill PN, Bowen DT. A multi-centre phase 2 study of azacitidine in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. Leukemia 2014; 28:1570-2. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Davies F, Morgan G, Wu P, Gregory W, Bell SE, Szubert A, Navarro Coy N, Drayson M, Owen RG, Feyler S, Ashcroft J, Ross F, Byrne J, Roddie H, Rudin C, Cook G, Jackson GH, Boyd K, Child JA. Are there benefits to long-term bisphosphonate treatment in multiple myeloma (MM)? Insights from temporal analyses of zoledronic acid (ZOL) versus clodronate (CLO) in the MRC Myeloma IX Trial. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Boyd K, Morgan G, Davies F, Wu P, Gregory W, Bell SE, Szubert A, Navarro Coy N, Drayson M, Owen RG, Feyler S, Ashcroft J, Ross F, Byrne J, Roddie H, Rudin C, Cook G, Jackson GH, Child JA. Does zoledronic acid (ZOL) reduce skeletal-related events (SREs) and improve progression-free survival (PFS) in patients (Pts) with multiple myeloma (MM) with or without bone disease? MRC myeloma IX study results. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Morgan GJ, Davies F, Gregory W, Bell SE, Szubert A, Navarro Coy N, Drayson M, Owen RG, Feyler S, Ashcroft J, Ross F, Byrne J, Roddie H, Rudin C, Cook G, Jackson GH, Boyd K, Child JA, Wu P. Defining the biological subgroup of multiple myeloma patients which benefits maximally from the overall survival (OS) benefit associated with treatment with zoledronic acid (ZOL). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Morgan G, Davies F, Gregory W, Bell SE, Szubert A, Navarro Coy N, Drayson M, Owen RG, Jackson GH, Child JA. Evaluating the effects of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on overall survival (OS) in patients (Pts) with multiple myeloma (MM): Results of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Myeloma IX study. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.8021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hennig IM, Naik JD, Brown S, Szubert A, Anthoney DA, Jackson DP, Melcher AM, Crawford SM, Bradley C, Brown JMB, Seymour MT. Severe sequence-specific toxicity when capecitabine is given after Fluorouracil and leucovorin. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:3411-7. [PMID: 18612156 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.15.9426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Options for single-agent fluoropyrimidine adjuvant therapy after bowel cancer resection include intravenous fluorouracil with leucovorin (FU/LV) or oral capecitabine. These treatments have similar efficacy but differ in convenience and toxicity. We therefore wished to compare their overall acceptability to patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients scheduled for adjuvant single-agent fluoropyrimidine therapy were randomly assigned to receive once-weekly FU/LV (425 mg/m(2) FU, 45 mg LV) for 6 weeks, followed by two 3-week cycles of capecitabine (1,250 mg/m(2) twice daily, days 1 through 14), or the same treatments but in reverse order. After 12 weeks, the patients were asked which treatment they preferred, and received the preferred treatment for an additional 12 weeks. The primary end point was patient preference. RESULTS After 40 of the planned 74 patients had been randomly assigned, real-time adverse event monitoring led to early trial closure because of excess sequence-specific toxicity. Eleven of 14 patients (79%) receiving capecitabine as their second treatment experienced grade >/= 3 toxicity. This compared with five of 18 patients (28%) receiving capecitabine as the first treatment, and no patients receiving FU/LV as the first treatment (zero of 16) or the second treatment (zero of 12). Similar imbalances were seen in the proportion of patients requiring interruption of treatment. CONCLUSION In chemotherapy-naïve patients, capecitabine produced more toxicity than FU/LV, but at levels in line with previously reported data. However, treatment with capecitabine after FU/LV caused markedly increased toxicity, indicating a sequence-specific interaction. The mechanism has not been determined, but interaction with intracellularly retained folate after FU/LV therapy is a possibility. Oncologists need to be aware of this risk if considering crossing patients over from FU/LV to capecitabine-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo M Hennig
- Cancer Research UK Centre, St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
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Chomicz L, Szubert A, Fiedor P, Stefaniak J, Myjak P, Zbrowska J, Polański JA. Human cystic and alveolar echinococcoses as indication to liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:2260-1. [PMID: 14529907 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(03)00801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The human cystic and alveolar echinococcoses are zoonotic diseases caused by larval stages of the tapeworms Echinococcus granulosus and E multilocularis. In man the liver form of the diseases develops most frequently. Recent epidemiological data indicate that the distribution of E multilocularis in the central Europe is wider than was previously anticipated; more cases of human alveococcosis during the last years have also been noted in Poland. In the present paper we analyzed several cases of human echinococcoses from Poland with respect to diagnosis and treatment as well as the indications for liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chomicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Szubert A, Białek P, Biejat Z, Uryszek M, Zajac L, Polański JA. Liver cystadenocarcinoma--case report. Med Sci Monit 2001; 7 Suppl 1:292-3. [PMID: 12211739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A 69-year-old woman was admitted to our Department with the diagnosis of liver cyst. She had previously undergone liver cyst fenestration 10 years before. After abdominal spiral CT, the patient was qualified for laparotomy. A cystic formation was localized in the central part of the liver, in the 4th segment and was found to compress the hilar bile ducts. A 4.5 bisegmentectomy was performed. During the postoperative course, a biliary fistula was observed, which resolved spontaneously. The treatment was also complicated by myocardial infarction. The patient was discharged in good condition 30 days postoperatively. The pathological diagnosis revealed cystadenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szubert
- 3rd Department of Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Stepińska 19/25, Warsaw, Poland
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Szubert A, Zajac L, Walski M, Faryna M, Biejat Z, Polański J. Liver regeneration after anatomical resections. Med Sci Monit 2001; 7 Suppl 1:298-300. [PMID: 12211741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors present the results of investigation of liver regeneration after partial parenchyma resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS 20 patients (16 females, 4 male) aged 31-67 years were operated on because of metastatic colon cancer (7 cases), cavernous hemangioma (6 cases), hepatocellular carcinoma (1), alveococcosis (2), metastases of malignant melanoma (1), gall bladder carcinoma (1), FNH (1) and mucous cystadenocarcinoma (1). The resection according to anatomical segments by Couinaud were performed. Spiral CTs including liver volumetry were taken before and 30 days after the operation. on the 7-th day after the surgery, liver biopsy was performed and the material was examined under light and electron microscope. RESULTS There was no postoperative mortality. We observed transient elevation of transaminases, bilirubin levels and decrease of albumin level. Control spiral CT revealed increased liver volume in 15 cases (75 percent). In 16 cases (80 percent), electron microscopy investigations showed regeneration of the liver (mitotic figures). CONCLUSIONS Our material shows that hyperplasia as well as blood vessel and bile duct neogenesis play a very important role in liver regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szubert
- 3rd Department of Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University in Warsaw, ul. Stepińska 19/25, Warsaw, Poland
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Szubert A, Sarzyński J, Biejat Z, Uryzek M, Grous A, Kowalik I, Polański JA. Risk factors for morbidity following liver surgery. Med Sci Monit 2001; 7 Suppl 1:294-7. [PMID: 12211740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to define risk factors for severe complications following anatomical liver resections. The study material consists of the first 50 patients (26 women, 24 men, at mean age 50.6 years) treated at 3rd Department of Surgery 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University in Warsaw. The indications for resection included benign neoplasm in 19 cases and malignancy in 31 cases. All the patients underwent anatomical liver resection in accordance with Couinaund's segmental division. In order to define prognostic factors for severe postoperative complications, a multi-factor statistical analysis was conducted. The following parameters were analysed: patient's age, the levels of bilirubin, total protein, albumin, prothrombin time, kaolin-kephalin time, range of resection and blood loss during operation. Eleven patients (22%) died in postoperative period. In 8 cases the death was caused by liver failure. Statistical analysis showed that blood loss, albumin level on fifth postoperative day and kaolin-kephalin time before and after surgery are independent risk factors predisposing to the development of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szubert
- 3rd Department of Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University in Warsaw, ul. Stepińska 19/25, Warsaw, Poland
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Wroczyński P, Laskowska A, Wierzchowski J, Szubert A, Polański J, Słowiaczek M. Aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes in tumours--assay with possible prognostic value for oxazaphosphorine chemotherapy. Acta Biochim Pol 1998; 45:33-40. [PMID: 9701494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorimetric assay, allowing independent measurement of the activities of two principal cytosolic forms of human aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH-1 and ALDH-3 (known as a tumour-associated ALDH) was applied to estimate the activities of these isoenzymes in human liver and thyroid tumours. The assay is based on two artificial substrates, 6-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde (MONAL-62) and 7-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde (MONAL-71), exhibiting excellent substrate properties toward various forms of human ALDH (see Wierzchowski et al., 1997, Anal. Biochem. 245, 69-78). We have found significant differences in ALDH activities between malignant and non-malignant tissue fragments, particularly in cancerous livers. Out of 16 tumours examined, only 4 exhibited ALDH-1 activities comparable to that found in the tumour-free tissue (0.5-2.5 U/g), while in the remaining 12 this activity was at least 10-fold lower. The ALDH-3 activity was detectable in about 40% of both tumour and tumour-free liver samples (maximum value 1.5 U/g). Comparison of 13 pathological thyroid fragments revealed ALDH activities in the range of 0.02 to 0.35 U/g, with two malignant samples showing activities of 0.27 and 0.18 U/g. Both substrate specificity and kinetic behaviour of the thyroid ALDH (Km values for the fluorogenic naphthaldehydes as well as propanal inhibition profile) were similar to those of the purified ALDH-1. In 5 thyroid samples traces of ALDH-3 activity was detected, using MONAL-62 and NADP+ as substrates (maximum value 0.04 U/g). Possible prognostic value of the foregoing measurements for cyclophosphamide chemotherapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wroczyński
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Warsaw, Poland.
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Wroczyński P, Laskowska A, Wierzchowski J, Szubert A, Polański J, Słowiaczek M. Aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes in tumours--assay with possible prognostic value for oxazaphosphorine chemotherapy. Acta Biochim Pol 1998. [DOI: 10.18388/abp.1998_4284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorimetric assay, allowing independent measurement of the activities of two principal cytosolic forms of human aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH-1 and ALDH-3 (known as a tumour-associated ALDH) was applied to estimate the activities of these isoenzymes in human liver and thyroid tumours. The assay is based on two artificial substrates, 6-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde (MONAL-62) and 7-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde (MONAL-71), exhibiting excellent substrate properties toward various forms of human ALDH (see Wierzchowski et al., 1997, Anal. Biochem. 245, 69-78). We have found significant differences in ALDH activities between malignant and non-malignant tissue fragments, particularly in cancerous livers. Out of 16 tumours examined, only 4 exhibited ALDH-1 activities comparable to that found in the tumour-free tissue (0.5-2.5 U/g), while in the remaining 12 this activity was at least 10-fold lower. The ALDH-3 activity was detectable in about 40% of both tumour and tumour-free liver samples (maximum value 1.5 U/g). Comparison of 13 pathological thyroid fragments revealed ALDH activities in the range of 0.02 to 0.35 U/g, with two malignant samples showing activities of 0.27 and 0.18 U/g. Both substrate specificity and kinetic behaviour of the thyroid ALDH (Km values for the fluorogenic naphthaldehydes as well as propanal inhibition profile) were similar to those of the purified ALDH-1. In 5 thyroid samples traces of ALDH-3 activity was detected, using MONAL-62 and NADP+ as substrates (maximum value 0.04 U/g). Possible prognostic value of the foregoing measurements for cyclophosphamide chemotherapy is discussed.
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Martirosian G, Polański JA, Szubert A, Meisel-Mikołajczyk F. Clostridium difficile in a department of surgery. Mater Med Pol 1993; 25:145-7. [PMID: 8072320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The colonization and transmission of Clostridium difficile strains was investigated at the Department of Surgery. Anaerobes were isolated from fecal samples of 27 patients among 308 investigated (mean age: 59.5 years). The majority of them (22 out of 27 patients) received anti-microbial agents prior to investigation for Clostridium difficile. Eighteen of them had undergone various surgical procedures including laparotomies. Only four Clostridium difficile positive patients had diarrhea, but pseudomembranes were not observed endoscopically. The highest colonization rate of C. difficile (20/27) was found to occur in autumn. All 54 samples from medical personnel were C. difficile free. C. difficile was isolated in 7% of samples taken from hospital environment. Toxigenicity of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from fecal samples taken from patients and from environment was 78% and 80%, respectively, as determined by cytotoxicity tissue assay, or 70% and 20%, respectively, in the latex agglutination test.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Martirosian
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Warsaw Medical School, Poland
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Szubert J, Szubert A. [Liquid crystals and their use in medicine]. Pol Tyg Lek 1978; 33:1231-3. [PMID: 693396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Szubert J, Nowak H, Szubert A. [Thermography in medicine]. Pol Tyg Lek 1977; 32:855-7. [PMID: 329237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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