Peripartum Exposure to Biologic Therapy Does Not Impact Postpartum Wound Healing in Women With IBD

BACKGROUND

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) commonly affects women during childbearing years and often requires antepartum therapy. Data regarding effects of biologic exposure on delivery outcomes are limited. We explored whether peripartum biologic exposure impacts wound healing following cesarean section (C-section) and vaginal delivery (VD) in IBD patients.

METHODS

Pregnancy and IBD data from the IBD Preconception and Pregnancy Planning (I-PrePP) Clinic database were collected and analyzed. Primary outcome was frequency of postpartum wound infection in women receiving peripartum biologics, defined as exposure in the third trimester and up to 2 weeks postdelivery relative to nonexposed patients. Secondary outcomes included effect of peripartum biologic timing and IBD phenotype on wound healing. Descriptive statistics summarized data using frequency for categorical variables and median for continuous variables. Univariate analyses tested associations when appropriate.

RESULTS

Of 100 deliveries (interquartile range, 30-35; median, 33 years old), 58 were C-sections and 42 VDs. Peripartum biologic exposure occurred in 72% (42 of 58) and 57% (24 of 42), respectively. Median time from last dose to delivery was 6 (interquartile range, 4-8) weeks; 21 (32%) received biologics within 72 hours following delivery. Seven infections occurred following C-section among 5 unique CD patients. Peripartum biologic exposure was not associated with infection (4 of 66 [6%] exposed vs 3 of 34 [8.8%] nonexposed; P = .68), nor was disease activity (P = 1.0). Crohn's disease (P = 0.02), internal penetrating phenotype (P < .001), prior IBD surgery (P = .03), and prior postpartum infection (P = .04) were associated with infection.

CONCLUSIONS

Peripartum biologic exposure does not impair postpartum wound healing; however, patients with more complicated disease phenotypes require close monitoring.

Photovoice as a tool to improve patient-Provider communication in inflammatory bowel disease clinic: A feasibility study

BACKGROUND

The emotional health of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is critical to self-management, but has been difficult to elucidate in routine care. Patients are often unsure how to communicate their preferences and concerns to their providers in ways that could directly inform shared decision making. Photovoice is an established research methodology used to give vulnerable patients a voice through photographic expression, but has not been previously used in gastroenterology or in IBD.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the acceptability and feasibility of using Photovoice in an IBD clinic.

PATIENT INVOLVEMENT

Patients with IBD took photos in response to open-ended prompts, participated in a focus group, and brainstormed ways to share their experience with clinicians.

METHODS

Enrolled IBD patients received a digital camera, training on basic usage and 10 open-ended prompts related to management of their IBD. Participants completed one-hour in-depth interviews about their photos, which were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed. Three analysts coded transcripts for themes using qualitative analysis software QSR NVivo 11. A subset of patients participated in a focus group about their Photovoice experience. Gastroenterologists were interviewed, using patient photos as prompts, to evaluate feasibility of using Photovoice in the clinic.

RESULTS

Eleven patients completed the interviews, with five participating in the focus group. Patients shared and discussed a total of 118 photographs. We identified two major themes: disease burden and patient - provider communication. Five IBD physicians reviewed select patient photos and suggested ways to incorporate Photovoice into clinical practice.

DISCUSSION

Photovoice may be a feasible methodology for patients with IBD and acceptable for providers to use in a clinical setting.

PRACTICAL VALUE

Photovoice may help providers identify patient concerns and make their communication more patient-centred.

Identifying Patient Priorities for Preconception and Pregnancy Counseling in IBD

BACKGROUND

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) commonly affects women of reproductive age. Many patients lacking knowledge about IBD and reproduction make uninformed decisions, such as voluntary childlessness and medication cessation. Education should be individualized to the patient's knowledge base and include topics of most importance to the patient. Our study aimed to describe the priority rankings of topics selected by patients seeking preconception and pregnancy counseling.

METHODS

As part of an ongoing prospective study, patients with IBD were asked to rank, in order of importance, nine a priori preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum topics they would like addressed by our specialized care team, which includes an IBD physician and a high-risk obstetrician. χ² and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess associations between clinical and demographic characteristics and priority rankings, and a p value cutoff for significance was set as .05.

RESULTS

One hundred and fifty-eight women with IBD (mean (IQR) age; 32 (28-37) years) were seen in consultation, and 116 (70 (60%) CD, 43 (37%) UC, and 3 (3%) IBD-U) completed intake forms were analyzed. There were 78 (68%) women seen in the preconception stage, median age 31 (IQR 28-34), and 38 women (32%) were pregnant, median age 32 (IQR 28-33). Safety of IBD medications during pregnancy was most commonly ranked as top priority (40%) for all patients regardless of pregnancy status, followed by control of IBD disease activity and impact on pregnancy (31%), impact of IBD and surgery on fertility (19%), pregnancy outcomes for the baby (18%), mode of delivery (6%), inheritance of IBD (4%), breastfeeding (2%), nutritional health (2%), and vaccines and newborn care (1%). The impact of IBD and surgery on fertility was ranked as the number one priority more often in the preconception group (p value < 0.01) and mode of delivery in the pregnancy group (p value 0.04).

CONCLUSION

Safety of IBD medications remains a priority topic for patients seeking preconception and pregnancy counseling.

Histoplasmosis in purebred mice: influence of genetic susceptibility and immune depression on treatment

These experiments demonstrate that susceptibility to Histoplasma infection of the mouse is dramatically influenced by genetic and immunologic factors, and that these factors appear to exert little influence on response to therapy. They further demonstrate that such influence may vary in different visceral organs. The explanation for these observations remains to be elucidated.