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DeVorkin L, Pavey N, Carleton G, Comber A, Ho C, Lim J, McNamara E, Huang H, Kim P, Zacharias LG, Mizushima N, Saitoh T, Akira S, Beckham W, Lorzadeh A, Moksa M, Cao Q, Murthy A, Hirst M, DeBerardinis RJ, Lum JJ. Autophagy Regulation of Metabolism Is Required for CD8 + T Cell Anti-tumor Immunity. Cell Rep 2020; 27:502-513.e5. [PMID: 30970253 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cell survival process essential for the regulation of immune responses to infections. However, the role of T cell autophagy in anti-tumor immunity is less clear. Here, we demonstrate a cell-autonomous role for autophagy in the regulation of CD8+ T-cell-mediated control of tumors. Mice deficient for the essential autophagy genes Atg5, Atg14, or Atg16L1 display a dramatic impairment in the growth of syngeneic tumors. Moreover, T cells lacking Atg5 have a profound shift to an effector memory phenotype and produce greater amounts of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Mechanistically, Atg5-/- CD8+ T cells exhibit enhanced glucose metabolism that results in alterations in histone methylation, increases in H3K4me3 density, and transcriptional upregulation of both metabolic and effector target genes. Nonetheless, glucose restriction is sufficient to suppress Atg5-dependent increases in effector function. Thus, autophagy-dependent changes in CD8+ T cell metabolism directly regulate anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay DeVorkin
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Nils Pavey
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Gillian Carleton
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Alexandra Comber
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Cally Ho
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Junghyun Lim
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin McNamara
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Haochu Huang
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Kim
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lauren G Zacharias
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saitoh
- Division of Inflammation Biology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wayne Beckham
- BC Cancer-Vancouver Island Centre, Medical Physics, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Alireza Lorzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle Moksa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aditya Murthy
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Hirst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Science Center, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Julian J Lum
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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Razieh C, Khunti K, Davies MJ, Edwardson CL, Henson J, Darko N, Comber A, Jones A, Yates T. Association of depression and anxiety with clinical, sociodemographic, lifestyle and environmental factors in South Asian and white European individuals at high risk of diabetes. Diabet Med 2019; 36:1158-1167. [PMID: 31081286 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prevalence and correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms within South Asian and white European populations at high risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. METHODS Data were collected at baseline, and at 12, 24 and 36 months from 1429 white European individuals (age 64±7 years, 35.8% women) and 160 South Asian individuals (age 59±9 years, 30.6% women) who were at high risk of Type 2 diabetes and who took part in two Type 2 diabetes prevention trials in Leicestershire, UK. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was administered during each study visit. Clinical, sociodemographic, lifestyle and environmental data were collected. RESULTS At baseline, the burden of depressive symptoms varied by ethnic group and gender, with 9.9% of white European men, 14.9% of white European women, 23.6% of South Asian men and 29.2% of South Asian women exceeding the cut-off score for mild-to-severe depression. During the course of the study and after adjustment for clinical, sociodemographic, lifestyle and environmental factors, depressive symptoms remained higher in the South Asian compared to the white European participants [score higher by 1.5, 95% CI 0.9-2.1]. Levels of anxiety were also higher in the South Asian participants, although associations were attenuated after adjustment. Social deprivation, BMI, proximity to fast-food outlets and physical activity were correlates for depression in both the South Asian and white European participants. CONCLUSIONS A higher burden of depressive symptoms was consistently evident among the South Asian individuals, even after adjustment for multiple covariates. It is important to understand both the reasons why these differences are present, to help reduce health inequalities, and whether higher levels of depressive symptoms affect the uptake of and retention rates in diabetes prevention programmes in South Asian communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Razieh
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - K Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care - East Midlands, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - M J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - C L Edwardson
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - J Henson
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - N Darko
- Centre of Black and Minority Ethnic Health, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - A Comber
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Jones
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Chancellor's Drive, Norwich, UK
| | - T Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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