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Margalho LP, Graça JS, Kamimura BA, Lee SHI, Canales HDS, Chincha AIA, Caturla MYR, Brexó RP, Crucello A, Alvarenga VO, Cruz AG, Oliveira CAF, Sant'Ana AS. Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in Brazilian artisanal cheeses: Occurrence, counts, phenotypic and genotypic profiles. Food Microbiol 2024; 121:104531. [PMID: 38637091 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the occurrence and counts of Staphylococcus aureus in Brazilian artisanal cheeses (BAC) produced in five regions of Brazil: Coalho and Manteiga (Northeast region); Colonial and Serrano (South); Caipira (Central-West); Marajó (North); and Minas Artisanal cheeses, from Araxá, Campos das Vertentes, Cerrado, Serro and Canastra microregions (Southeast). The resistance to chlorine-based sanitizers, ability to attach to stainless steel surfaces, and antibiogram profile of a large set of S. aureus strains (n = 585) were assessed. Further, a total of 42 isolates were evaluated for the presence of enterotoxigenic genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, sei, sej, and ser) and submitted to typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). BAC presented high counts of S. aureus (3.4-6.4 log CFU/g), varying from 25 to 62.5%. From the S. aureus strains (n = 585) assessed, 16% could resist 200 ppm of sodium hypochlorite, whereas 87.6% produced strong ability to attach to stainless steel surfaces, corroborating with S. aureus ability to persist and spread in the environment. Furthermore, the relatively high frequency (80.5%) of multidrug-resistant S. aureus and the presence of enterotoxin genes in 92.6% of the strains is of utmost attention. It reveals the lurking threat of SFP that can survive when conditions are favorable. The presence of enterotoxigenic and antimicrobial-resistant strains of S. aureus in cheese constitutes a potential risk to public health. This result calls for better control of cheese contamination sources, and taking hygienic measures is necessary for food safety. More attention should be paid to animal welfare and hygiene practices in some dairy farms during manufacturing to enhance the microbiological quality of traditional cheese products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa P Margalho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Graça
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna A Kamimura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah H I Lee
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Héctor D S Canales
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I A Chincha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Magdevis Y R Caturla
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ramon P Brexó
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Crucello
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Verônica O Alvarenga
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Department of Food, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto F Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Pires RPS, Guimarães JT, Barros CP, Balthazar CF, Chincha AIA, Freitas MQ, Duarte MCKH, Silva PHF, Pimentel TC, Abud YKD, Sant'Anna C, Sant'Ana AS, Silva MC, Nascimento JS, Cruz AG. Ohmic heating increases inactivation and morphological changes of Salmonella sp. and the formation of bioactive compounds in infant formula. Food Microbiol 2021; 97:103737. [PMID: 33653516 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effect of ohmic heating (OH) (50, 55, and 60 °C, 6 V/cm) on the inactivation kinetics (Weibull model) and morphological changes (scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry) of Salmonella spp. in infant formula (IF) was evaluated. In addition, thermal load indicators (hydroxymethylfurfural and whey protein nitrogen index, HMF, and WPNI) and bioactive compounds (DPPH, total phenolics, ACE, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities) were also studied. OH presented a more intense inactivation rate than conventional heating, resulting in a reduction of about 5 log CFU per mL at 60 °C in only 2.91 min, being also noted a greater cell membrane deformation, higher formation of bioactive compounds, and lower values for the thermal load parameters. Overall, OH contributed to retaining the nutritional value and improve food safety in IF processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto P S Pires
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Alimentos, 20270-021, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculty of Medicina Veterinária, 24230-340, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cássia P Barros
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculty of Medicina Veterinária, 24230-340, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celso F Balthazar
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculty of Medicina Veterinária, 24230-340, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I A Chincha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Q Freitas
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculty of Medicina Veterinária, 24230-340, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Carmela K H Duarte
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculty of Medicina Veterinária, 24230-340, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo H F Silva
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Departamento de Nutrição, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C Pimentel
- Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR), 87703-536, Paranavaí, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Yuri K D Abud
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, 25250-020, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celso Sant'Anna
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, 25250-020, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Alimentos, 20270-021, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Janaina S Nascimento
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Alimentos, 20270-021, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Alimentos, 20270-021, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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