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Chatziralli I, Dimitriou E, Chatzirallis A, Aissopou E, Kazantzis D, Theodossiadis G, Theodossiadis P. Efficacy and safety of vitamin supplements with resveratrol in diabetic macular edema: Long-term results of a comparative study. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:2735-2739. [PMID: 34751046 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211057682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the adjunct efficacy and safety of vitamin supplements, including resveratrol, in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial factor (anti-VEGF) agents. METHODS Participants in this prospective study were 45 patients with DME, who were treated with either intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (n = 23, Group I) or with combination of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and vitamin supplements, including resveratrol (n = 22, Group II). All patients underwent visual acuity measurement, slit-lamp examination and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at baseline and monthly after the loading phase of three-monthly anti-VEGF injections, following a PRN protocol. RESULTS There was a statistically significant improvement in visual acuity in both groups at month 12 compared to baseline, although the mean change in visual acuity did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.183). Accordingly, there was a statistically significant decrease in central retinal thickness in both groups at month 12 compared to baseline, while the mean difference in central retinal thickness was significantly greater in the "combination" group. The mean number of intravitreal anti-VEGF injection was less in Group II (6.45 ± 1.12 in Group II vs. 7.39 ± 1.31 in Group I, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin supplements with resveratrol was found to be an effective adjunct to intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in patients with DME, offering better anatomic restoration with less injections at the 12-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Chatziralli
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, 68993National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Dimitriou
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, 68993National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evaggelia Aissopou
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, 68993National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kazantzis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, 68993National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Theodossiadis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, 68993National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theodossiadis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, 68993National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Dimitriou E, Chatzirallis A, Katopodis S, Theodossiadis G, Theodossiadis P, Chatziralli I. Cancer-associated retinopathy 4 years after surgery for ovarian cancer. Oman J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:108-111. [PMID: 34345145 PMCID: PMC8300284 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_352_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 71-year-old woman presented with progressive, bilateral, blurred vision and nyctalopia for the last 6 months. Her past medical history included total hysterectomy and chemotherapy for ovarian cancer 4 years ago, without metastases. Optical coherence tomography revealed outer retinal layers' thinning bilaterally, while diffuse retinal pigment epithelium abnormalities were found in fundus autofluorescence. Full-field electroretinogram showed abnormalities in both a- and b-waves with significant reduction of retinal sensitivity, affecting however more the rod system. The patient was positive for alpha-enolase and was diagnosed with cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), which developed 4-year primary cancer. Computerized tomography scan revealed an enlarged para-aortic lymph node at the left kidney, and the patient was started on chemotherapy, combined with immunosuppressive treatment. In conclusion, CAR should be suspected in patients experiencing unexplained visual disturbances, especially in the context of previous cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dimitriou
- Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sokratis Katopodis
- Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Theodossiadis
- Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Irini Chatziralli
- Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Chatzirallis A, Varaklioti A, Sergentanis TN, Theodossiadis P, Chatziralli I. Quality of Life among Patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Case-Control Study. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 36:658-664. [PMID: 33684018 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1896750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate health-related quality of life in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and investigate the possible risk factors for poor quality of life in patients with RVO.Methods: Participants in the study were 67 patients with RVO, 42 male and 25 female, mean-aged 73.1 ± 10.9 years, and 70 sex- and age-matched controls. Demographic data, lifestyle factors and medical history were recorded. All patients underwent best-corrected visual acuity measurement, dilated fundoscopy and optical coherence tomography. All participants completed two questionnaires assessing quality of life (EQ-5D, NEI VFQ-25). Risk factors for health-related quality of life in RVO patients were investigated.Results: Patients with RVO exhibited significantly lower composite score for VFQ-25 compared to controls (74.1 ± 3.8 vs. 91.7 ± 3.9 for patients and controls, respectively, p < .001). In addition, RVO patients had significantly lower EQ-5D Index score compared to controls (0.88 ± 0.15 vs. 0.92 ± 0.12 for patients and controls, respectively, p = .043). Risk factors associated with quality of life in patients with RVO were found the alcohol consumption, the presence of thyroidopathy, coagulation disorders, visual acuity in the eye with RVO, central retinal thickness, the type of edema, the presence of ischemia and the condition of external limiting membrane. In multivariate analysis, only alcohol consumption and visual acuity in the eye with RVO were found to be independent risk factors, affecting quality of life in RVO patients.Conclusions: Patients with RVO presented lower quality of life in comparison with controls. Potential risk factors should be taken into account and their early detection may improve quality of life in such patients and lead to targeted health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Chatzirallis
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Health Management, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - Agoritsa Varaklioti
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Health Management, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - Theodoros N Sergentanis
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Health Management, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Irini Chatziralli
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Chatziralli I, Theodossiadis G, Chatzirallis A, Dimitriou E, Parikakis E, Theodossiadis P. Evolution of macular microvasculature and retinal layers alterations in patients with macula off retinal detachment after vitrectomy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:520-526. [PMID: 33550843 DOI: 10.1177/1120672121992984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the changes in retinal microvasculature in association with retinal layers' condition in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). METHODS Participants in this study were 89 patients with macula off RRD, who were successfully treated with PPV and gas tamponade without internal limiting membrane peeling, in two centers. All participants underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, slit-lamp examination, fundoscopy, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) at week 5, month 3 and month 6 postoperatively. The fellow untreated eyes were also examined and served as control data. RESULTS A statistically significant enlargement in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in both superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), accompanied with a statistically significant thinning of inner retinal layers, was noticed 5 weeks postoperatively. These changes, namely FAZ enlargement and thinning of inner retinal layers, in the operated eyes compared to the fellow eyes, remained unchanged till month 6 postoperatively. BCVA improved significantly from week 5 to months 3 and 6 postoperatively. The improvement in BCVA was associated with the gradual ellipsoid zone (EZ) recovery from the first (week 5) till the last examination (month 6). CONCLUSIONS The FAZ enlargement in the operated eyes was accompanied with a statistically significant thinning in the inner retinal layers. Inter-correlation of BCVA and EZ integrity was noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eleni Dimitriou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Chatziralli I, Chatzirallis A, Kazantzis D, Dimitriou E, Machairoudia G, Theodossiadis G, Parikakis E, Theodossiadis P. Predictive Factors for Long-Term Postoperative Visual Outcome in Patients with Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Treated with Vitrectomy. Ophthalmologica 2021; 244:213-217. [PMID: 33465770 DOI: 10.1159/000514538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate potential predictive factors of long-term postoperative outcomes in patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). METHODS Participants in this study were 86 patients diagnosed with macula-off RRD, who underwent PPV. Demographic characteristics and preoperative characteristics of RRD were recorded, while best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured preoperatively and at specific postoperative time points (6 weeks and 6, 12, and 24 months). In addition, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) characteristics at postoperative week 6 were assessed as potential factors affecting the long-term postoperative visual outcome 24 months after PPV for RRD. RESULTS Increasing age, duration of RD of more than 1 week, presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, increasing central retinal thickness, ellipsoid zone disruption, and external limiting membrane disruption were significantly associated with a worse BVCA. BCVA was not associated with gender, lens status, the location of breaks, the gas tamponade agent used in PPV, the presence of subretinal fluid, and intraretinal fluid. CONCLUSIONS It is important to determine predictive factors for visual outcomes in order to inform patients about their prognosis and help in the decision-making process for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Chatziralli
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Eleni Dimitriou
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Kontomichos L, Parikakis E, Batsos G, Chatzirallis A, Peponis V, Karagiannis D. Idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcification. Acta Ophthalmol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aos.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loukas Kontomichos
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology Ophthalmiatreio Eye Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Efstratios Parikakis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology Ophthalmiatreio Eye Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Georgios Batsos
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology Ophthalmiatreio Eye Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | - Vasileios Peponis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology Ophthalmiatreio Eye Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Dimitrios Karagiannis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology Ophthalmiatreio Eye Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
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Parikakis E, Kontomichos L, Batsos G, Christodoulou E, Chatzirallis A, Peponis V, Karagiannis D. Μicrovascular foveal changes determined by optical coherence angiography following vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane. Acta Ophthalmol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2020.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Parikakis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology Ophthalmiatreio Eye Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Loukas Kontomichos
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology Ophthalmiatreio Eye Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Georgios Batsos
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology Ophthalmiatreio Eye Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | | | - Vasileios Peponis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology Ophthalmiatreio Eye Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Dimitrios Karagiannis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology Ophthalmiatreio Eye Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
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Chatzirallis A, Theodossiadis P, Droutsas K, Koutsandrea C, Ladas I, Moschos MM. Ranibizumab versus aflibercept for diabetic macular edema: 18-month results of a comparative, prospective, randomized study and multivariate analysis of visual outcome predictors. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2020; 39:317-322. [PMID: 32722955 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2020.1802741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the anatomical and functional outcomes of ranibizumab versus aflibercept for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) in a long-term follow-up. METHODS Participants in this prospective study were 112 treatment naïve patients with DME, who received treatment with either intravitreal ranibizumab (n = 54) or aflibercept (n = 58). The demographic data, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) characteristics were evaluated at baseline and at month 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 18 post treatment, while factors affecting visual outcome were determined using multivariate analysis. RESULTS At month 18, the mean BCVA of ranibizumab-treated eyes increased 7.9 letters compared to 6.9 letters for eyes receiving aflibercept, with greater number of injections in ranibizumab group (9.2 ± 2.3 vs. 7.6 ± 2.1 injections in the ranibizumab and aflibercept group respectively, p = 0.0002). The difference in letters between the two groups was not statistically significant, nor the difference in central subfield thickness at month 18. Factors associated with poorer BCVA were found to be increasing age, HbA1c ≥7.5%, increasing central retinal thickness and disrupted ellipsoid zone. CONCLUSIONS Ranibizumab and aflibercept presented similar anatomical and functional outcomes in 18-month follow-up in patients with DME. It is important to determine factors, affecting VA, so as to provide individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Konstantinos Droutsas
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chryssanthi Koutsandrea
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ladas
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marilita M Moschos
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Chatziralli I, Theodossiadis G, Parikakis E, Chatzirallis A, Dimitriou E, Theodossiadis P. Inner retinal layers' alterations and microvasculature changes after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:3349-3356. [PMID: 32729060 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the retinal layers' changes and alterations in retinal microvasculature in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). METHODS Participants in this study were 103 patients with RRD, 85 macula off and 18 macula on, who were treated with PPV and gas tamponade without internal limiting membrane peeling, in two centers. All participants underwent best corrected visual acuity measurement, slit-lamp examination, fundoscopy, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography at week 5 and at month 6 postoperatively. The fellow untreated eyes were also examined and served as control data. RESULTS A statistically significant enlargement in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in both superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) was noticed 5 weeks postoperatively in patients with RRD treated with PPV compared to the fellow eyes and remained 6 months after surgery. The FAZ enlargement in the operated eyes was accompanied with a statistically significant thinning of the inner retinal layer. In addition, there was a significant decrease in foveal and parafoveal vessel density (VD) in both SCP and DCP in the operated eyes compared to control eyes at week 5 postoperatively, which also remained at postoperative month 6. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that patients with RRD treated with PPV presented changes in the retinal microvasculature in both SCP and DCP, including enlargement of FAZ and decrease in VD. These changes seemed to be associated with inner retinal layer thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Chatziralli
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, 28, Papanastasiou Street, Alimos, 17342, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Theodossiadis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, 28, Papanastasiou Street, Alimos, 17342, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Eleni Dimitriou
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, 28, Papanastasiou Street, Alimos, 17342, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theodossiadis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, 28, Papanastasiou Street, Alimos, 17342, Athens, Greece
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Chatziralli I, Dimitriou E, Chatzirallis A, Aissopou E, Theodossiadis P. Efficacy and safety of Resvega in diabetic macular edema: preliminary results of a pilot study. Acta Ophthalmol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2019.5094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Dimitriou
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology University of Athens Athens Greece
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Chatziralli I, Dimitriou E, Theodossiadis G, Chatzirallis A, Kazantzis D, Theodossiadis P. Treatment of Macular Edema after Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Using Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant: Long-Term Outcomes. Ophthalmologica 2019; 242:16-21. [PMID: 30889589 DOI: 10.1159/000496705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal dexamethasone implant for the treatment of macular edema after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal. METHODS This prospective study included 27 patients who were diagnosed with macular edema after PPV for ERM removal and who were treated with either intravitreal dexamethasone implant (n = 15) or were observed without intervention (n = 12). Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were assessed 1, 6, and 12 months -after treatment. RESULTS Patients treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implant showed significant improvement in BCVA and reduction in CRT at months 1, 6, and 12 after treatment, while patients in the control group showed improvement that did not reach statistical significance. The two groups differed significantly in terms of BCVA and CRT at all time points of the follow-up period, in favor of the dexamethasone implant group. Eighty percent of the patients treated with intravitreal dexamethasone needed only one implant until month 12, while no serious adverse events were noticed in any group. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal dexamethasone implant was found to be effective and safe for the treatment of macular edema after PPV for ERM removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Chatziralli
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece,
| | - Eleni Dimitriou
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Theodossiadis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Chatzirallis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kazantzis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Chatziralli I, Kabanarou SA, Parikakis E, Chatzirallis A, Xirou T, Mitropoulos P. Risk Factors for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: Multivariate Approach in a Case-Control Study. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:1069-1073. [PMID: 28306346 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1276196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the potential risk factors associated independently with central serous retinopathy (CSR) in a Greek population, using multivariate approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants in the study were 183 consecutive patients diagnosed with CSR and 183 controls, matched for age. All participants underwent complete ophthalmological examination and information regarding their sociodemographic, clinical, medical and ophthalmological history were recorded, so as to assess potential risk factors for CSR. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that male sex, high educational status, high income, alcohol consumption, smoking, hypertension, coronary heart disease, obstructive sleep apnea, autoimmune disorders, H. pylori infection, type A personality and stress, steroid use, pregnancy and hyperopia were associated with CSR, while myopia was found to protect from CSR. In multivariate analysis, alcohol consumption, hypertension, coronary heart disease and autoimmune disorders lost their significance, while the remaining factors were all independently associated with CSR. CONCLUSIONS It is important to take into account the various risk factors for CSR, so as to define vulnerable groups and to shed light into the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Chatziralli
- a 2nd Department of Ophthalmology , Ophthalmiatrion Athinon , Athens , Greece
| | - Stamatina A Kabanarou
- b Medical Retina Department , Korgialeneio Benakeio, Red Cross Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | | | | | - Tina Xirou
- b Medical Retina Department , Korgialeneio Benakeio, Red Cross Hospital , Athens , Greece
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Chatziralli IP, Jaulim A, Chatzirallis A, Moschos MM. Subconjunctival haemorrhage as an indication of gastrointestinal bleeding. Clin Exp Optom 2015; 99:93. [PMID: 26346714 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adil Jaulim
- Royal Derby Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, East Midlands, UK
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