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Gustavsson EK, Follett J, Trinh J, Barodia SK, Real R, Liu Z, Grant-Peters M, Fox JD, Appel-Cresswell S, Stoessl AJ, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Auer R, Tilney R, Sturm M, Haack TB, Lesage S, Tesson C, Brice A, Vilariño-Güell C, Ryten M, Goldberg MS, West AB, Hu MT, Morris HR, Sharma M, Gan-Or Z, Samanci B, Lis P, Periñan MT, Amouri R, Ben Sassi S, Hentati F, Tonelli F, Alessi DR, Farrer MJ. RAB32 Ser71Arg in autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease: linkage, association, and functional analyses. Lancet Neurol 2024:S1474-4422(24)00121-2. [PMID: 38614108 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial causes, among which genetic risk factors play a part. The RAB GTPases are regulators and substrates of LRRK2, and variants in the LRRK2 gene are important risk factors for Parkinson's disease. We aimed to explore genetic variability in RAB GTPases within cases of familial Parkinson's disease. METHODS We did whole-exome sequencing in probands from families in Canada and Tunisia with Parkinson's disease without a genetic cause, who were recruited from the Centre for Applied Neurogenetics (Vancouver, BC, Canada), an international consortium that includes people with Parkinson's disease from 36 sites in 24 countries. 61 RAB GTPases were genetically screened, and candidate variants were genotyped in relatives of the probands to assess disease segregation by linkage analysis. Genotyping was also done to assess variant frequencies in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and controls, matched for age and sex, who were also from the Centre for Applied Neurogenetics but unrelated to the probands or each other. All participants were aged 18 years or older. The sequencing and genotyping findings were validated by case-control association analyses using bioinformatic data obtained from publicly available clinicogenomic databases (AMP-PD, GP2, and 100 000 Genomes Project) and a private German clinical diagnostic database (University of Tübingen). Clinical and pathological findings were summarised and haplotypes were determined. In-vitro studies were done to investigate protein interactions and enzyme activities. FINDINGS Between June 1, 2010, and May 31, 2017, 130 probands from Canada and Tunisia (47 [36%] female and 83 [64%] male; mean age 72·7 years [SD 11·7; range 38-96]; 109 White European ancestry, 18 north African, two east Asian, and one Hispanic] underwent whole-exome sequencing. 15 variants in RAB GTPase genes were identified, of which the RAB32 variant c.213C>G (Ser71Arg) cosegregated with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease in three families (nine affected individuals; non-parametric linkage Z score=1·95; p=0·03). 2604 unrelated individuals with Parkinson's disease and 344 matched controls were additionally genotyped, and five more people originating from five countries (Canada, Italy, Poland, Turkey, and Tunisia) were identified with the RAB32 variant. From the database searches, in which 6043 individuals with Parkinson's disease and 62 549 controls were included, another eight individuals were identified with the RAB32 variant from four countries (Canada, Germany, UK, and USA). Overall, the association of RAB32 c.213C>G (Ser71Arg) with Parkinson's disease was significant (odds ratio [OR] 13·17, 95% CI 2·15-87·23; p=0·0055; I2=99·96%). In the people who had the variant, Parkinson's disease presented at age 54·6 years (SD 12·75, range 31-81, n=16), and two-thirds had a family history of parkinsonism. RAB32 Ser71Arg heterozygotes shared a common haplotype, although penetrance was incomplete. Findings in one individual at autopsy showed sparse neurofibrillary tangle pathology in the midbrain and thalamus, without Lewy body pathology. In functional studies, RAB32 Arg71 activated LRRK2 kinase to a level greater than RAB32 Ser71. INTERPRETATION RAB32 Ser71Arg is a novel genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease, with reduced penetrance. The variant was found in individuals with Parkinson's disease from multiple ethnic groups, with the same haplotype. In-vitro assays show that RAB32 Arg71 activates LRRK2 kinase, which indicates that genetically distinct causes of familial parkinsonism share the same mechanism. The discovery of RAB32 Ser71Arg also suggests several genetically inherited causes of Parkinson's disease originated to control intracellular immunity. This shared aetiology should be considered in future translational research, while the global epidemiology of RAB32 Ser71Arg needs to be assessed to inform genetic counselling. FUNDING National Institutes of Health, the Canada Excellence Research Chairs program, Aligning Science Across Parkinson's, the Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, and the UK Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil K Gustavsson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Jordan Follett
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandeep K Barodia
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raquel Real
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Melissa Grant-Peters
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Jesse D Fox
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Silke Appel-Cresswell
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Movement Disorders Program, Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Movement Disorders Program, Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Roland Auer
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Russel Tilney
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Sturm
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Matthew S Goldberg
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew B West
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michele T Hu
- Division of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bedia Samanci
- Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pawel Lis
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | - Rim Amouri
- Service de Neurologie, Institut National de Neurologie, La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Ben Sassi
- Service de Neurologie, Institut National de Neurologie, La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Faycel Hentati
- Service de Neurologie, Institut National de Neurologie, La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Dario R Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J Farrer
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Gustavsson EK, Follett J, Trinh J, Barodia SK, Real R, Liu Z, Grant-Peters M, Fox JD, Appel-Cresswell S, Stoessl AJ, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Auer R, Tilney R, Sturm M, Haack TB, Lesage S, Tesson C, Brice A, Vilariño-Güell C, Ryten M, Goldberg MS, West AB, Hu MT, Morris HR, Sharma M, Gan-Or Z, Samanci B, Lis P, Tocino T, Amouri R, Sassi SB, Hentati F, Tonelli F, Alessi DR, Farrer MJ. A pathogenic variant in RAB32 causes autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease and activates LRRK2 kinase. medRxiv 2024:2024.01.17.24300927. [PMID: 38293014 PMCID: PMC10827257 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.24300927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Mendelian forms have revealed multiple genes, with a notable emphasis on membrane trafficking; RAB GTPases play an important role in PD as a subset are both regulators and substrates of LRRK2 protein kinase. To explore the role of RAB GTPases in PD, we undertook a comprehensive examination of their genetic variability in familial PD. Methods Affected probands from 130 multi-incident PD families underwent whole-exome sequencing and genotyping, Potential pathogenic variants in 61 RAB GTPases were genotyped in relatives to assess disease segregation. These variants were also genotyped in a larger case-control series, totaling 3,078 individuals (2,734 with PD). The single most significant finding was subsequently validated within genetic data (6,043 with PD). Clinical and pathologic findings were summarized for gene-identified patients, and haplotypes were constructed. In parallel, wild-type and mutant RAB GTPase structural variation, protein interactions, and resultant enzyme activities were assessed. Findings We found RAB32 c.213C>G (Ser71Arg) to co-segregate with autosomal dominant parkinsonism in three multi-incident families. RAB32 Ser71Arg was also significantly associated with PD in case-control samples: genotyping and database searches identified thirteen more patients with the same variant that was absent in unaffected controls. Notably, RAB32 Ser71Arg heterozygotes share a common haplotype. At autopsy, one patient had sparse neurofibrillary tangle pathology in the midbrain and thalamus, without Lewy body pathology. In transfected cells the RAB32 Arg71 was twice as potent as Ser71 wild type to activate LRRK2 kinase. Interpretation Our study provides unequivocal evidence to implicate RAB32 Ser71Arg in PD. Functional analysis demonstrates LRRK2 kinase activation. We provide a mechanistic explanation to expand and unify the etiopathogenesis of monogenic PD. Funding National Institutes of Health, the Canada Excellence Research Chairs program, Aligning Science Across Parkinson's, the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, and the UK Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil K. Gustavsson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jordan Follett
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck 23538, Germany
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandeep K. Barodia
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raquel Real
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Melissa Grant-Peters
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Jesse D. Fox
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Silke Appel-Cresswell
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A. Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Movement Disorders Program, Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ali H. Rajput
- Movement Disorders Program, Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Roland Auer
- Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Russel Tilney
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Marc Sturm
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Matthew S. Goldberg
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew B. West
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham 27710, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michele T. Hu
- Division of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Huw R. Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bedia Samanci
- Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pawel Lis
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | | | - Rim Amouri
- Service de Neurologie, Institut National de Neurologie, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Samia Ben Sassi
- Service de Neurologie, Institut National de Neurologie, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Faycel Hentati
- Service de Neurologie, Institut National de Neurologie, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | | | - Francesca Tonelli
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Dario R. Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Matthew J. Farrer
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Noyes E, Rajput AH, Bocking S, Rajput A. Effect of Levodopa on Heat Hypersensitivity and Complex Motor Parkinsonism. Clin Neuropharmacol 2024; 47:29-32. [PMID: 38154069 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to report a case with heat intolerance, complex motor fluctuations, and parkinsonism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A male with onset of heat intolerance at the age of 46 years developed left upper limb tremor at the age of 58 years. He was diagnosed with Parkinson disease at the age of 62 years and presented to Movement Disorders Clinic Saskatchewan at the age of 65 years. He reported motor response fluctuations, including WO and dyskinesias. There was no history of dizziness on standing, bladder, or sexual dysfunction. We recorded an asymptomatic drop of orthostatic blood pressure. He reported loss of smell sensation for 5 years and REM behavior disorder characterized by talking in his sleep. He was assessed at the age of 65 years over the course of a day with 4 video recordings of his evolving findings and symptoms with his informed consent. RESULTS Initial assessment after levodopa was withheld more than 14 hours revealed him to be 'off' with severe dystonic neck flexion and with bradykinesia and rigidity in the limbs. He was anhidrotic, felt hot, and needed a wet towel over his neck. Over the course of 4 hours, he turns "on" with improvement in heat intolerance, neck hypertonicity, and parkinsonian findings and develops evolving dyskinetic movements before turning "off" again. His overall clinical picture was most consistent with multiple system atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Heat intolerance can precede onset of motor symptoms of parkinsonism by several years and supports a diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of improvement in heat intolerance with levodopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Noyes
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, Saskatchewan Health Authority/University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Husain MO, Khoso AB, Kiran T, Chaudhry N, Husain MI, Asif M, Ansari M, Rajput AH, Dawood S, Naqvi HA, Nizami AT, Tareen Z, Rumi J, Sherzad S, Khan HA, Bhatia MR, Siddiqui KMS, Zadeh Z, Mehmood N, Talib U, de Oliveira C, Naeem F, Wang W, Voineskos A, Husain N, Foussias G, Chaudhry IB. Culturally adapted psychosocial interventions (CaPSI) for early psychosis in a low-resource setting: study protocol for a large multi-center RCT. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:444. [PMID: 37328751 PMCID: PMC10276384 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosis treatment guidelines recommend cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and family intervention (FI), for all patients with first episode psychosis (FEP), though guidance borrows heavily from literature in adults from high income countries. To our knowledge, there are few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the comparative effect of these commonly endorsed psychosocial interventions in individuals with early psychosis from high-income countries and no such trials from low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The present study aims to confirm the clinical-efficacy and cost-effectiveness of delivering culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) and culturally adapted FI (CulFI) to individuals with FEP in Pakistan. METHOD A multi-centre, three-arm RCT of CaCBT, CulFI, and treatment as usual (TAU) for individuals with FEP (n = 390), recruited from major centres across Pakistan. Reducing overall symptoms of FEP will be the primary outcome. Additional aims will include improving patient and carer outcomes and estimating the economic impact of delivering culturally appropriate psychosocial interventions in low-resource settings. This trial will assess the clinical-efficacy and cost-effectiveness of CaCBT and CulFI compared with TAU in improving patient (positive and negative symptoms of psychosis, general psychopathology, depressive symptoms, quality of life, cognition, general functioning, and insight) and carer related outcomes (carer experience, wellbeing, illness attitudes and symptoms of depression and anxiety). CONCLUSIONS A successful trial may inform the rapid scale up of these interventions not only in Pakistan but other low-resource settings, to improve clinical outcomes, social and occupational functioning, and quality of life in South Asian and other minority groups with FEP. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05814913.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Husain
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - A B Khoso
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - T Kiran
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N Chaudhry
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M I Husain
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Asif
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Ansari
- Department of Psychiatry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - A H Rajput
- Department of Psychiatry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - S Dawood
- Centre for Clinical Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H A Naqvi
- Department of Psychiatry, Dow University Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A T Nizami
- Institute of Psychiatry, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Z Tareen
- Department of Psychiatry, Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - J Rumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - S Sherzad
- Department of Psychiatry, Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - H A Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - M R Bhatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Z Zadeh
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N Mehmood
- Institute for Mental Health, Karwan-E-Hayat, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - U Talib
- Institute for Mental Health, Karwan-E-Hayat, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - C de Oliveira
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
| | - F Naeem
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - W Wang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - N Husain
- Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Prescott, UK
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G Foussias
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - I B Chaudhry
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Rajput AH, Kish SJ. Professor Oleh Hornykiewicz, MD (1926–2020): Remembering the Father of the Modern Treatment of Parkinson's Disease and the Man. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1916-1921. [PMID: 32985723 PMCID: PMC7756272 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program University of Saskatchewan/Saskatchewan Health Region Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Stephen J. Kish
- Human Brain Laboratory Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
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Rajput AH, Rajput EF, Bocking SM, Auer RN, Rajput A. Reply to: Parkinsonism in essential tremor cases: A clinicopathological study-were they really essential tremor? Mov Disord 2019; 34:1750. [PMID: 31743513 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Emma F Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sarah M Bocking
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Roland N Auer
- Department of Pathology, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Rajput AH, Rajput EF, Bocking SM, Auer RN, Rajput A. Parkinsonism in essential tremor cases: A clinicopathological study. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1031-1040. [PMID: 31180613 PMCID: PMC6771898 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential tremor and Parkinson's syndrome are two common movement disorders that may co-occur in some individuals. There is no diagnostic neuropathology for essential tremor, but in PD and other Parkinson's syndrome variants, the neuropathology is well known. The spectrum of Parkinson's syndrome variants associated with essential tremor, their clinical features, and course have not been determined in autopsy-confirmed cases. OBJECTIVES To identify: diagnostic features of essential tremor/Parkinson's syndrome, different Parkinson's syndrome variants, and long-term clinical profile in such cases. METHODS Patients that had an essential tremor diagnosis and a subsequent clinical or pathological diagnosis of Parkinson's syndrome seen in our clinic during 50 years were included. The diagnosis of parkinsonism was made when bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor were all clinically evident. RESULTS Twenty-one cases were included. All the common variants of parkinsonism co-occurred with essential tremor. The most common was PD (67%) followed by PSP. The pathological findings were not predicted clinically in 2 cases that had essential tremor/PD and in all 5 essential tremor/PSP cases. CONCLUSION In most essential tremor/Parkinson's syndrome patients, the main motor features of parkinsonism-bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor-were identifiable. All known degenerative Parkinson's syndrome variants co-occurred in essential tremor patients. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders ProgramUniversity of Saskatchewan/ Saskatchewan Health AuthoritySaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Emma F. Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders ProgramUniversity of Saskatchewan/ Saskatchewan Health AuthoritySaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Sarah M. Bocking
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders ProgramUniversity of Saskatchewan/ Saskatchewan Health AuthoritySaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Roland N. Auer
- Department of PathologySaskatchewan Health AuthoritySaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders ProgramUniversity of Saskatchewan/ Saskatchewan Health AuthoritySaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
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Straniero L, Guella I, Cilia R, Parkkinen L, Rimoldi V, Young A, Asselta R, Soldà G, Sossi V, Stoessl AJ, Priori A, Nishioka K, Hattori N, Follett J, Rajput A, Blau N, Pezzoli G, Farrer MJ, Goldwurm S, Rajput AH, Duga S. DNAJC12
and dopa-responsive nonprogressive parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:640-646. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Straniero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Humanitas University; Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy
| | - Ilaria Guella
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Roberto Cilia
- Parkinson Institute, ASST “Gaetano Pini-CTO”; Milan Italy
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre; University of Oxford; Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Rimoldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Humanitas University; Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan Italy
| | - Alexander Young
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Humanitas University; Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Humanitas University; Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan Italy
| | - Vesna Sossi
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre & Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - A. Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre & Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Alberto Priori
- “Aldo Ravelli” Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan & ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Milan Italy
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology; Juntendo University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology; Juntendo University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Jordan Follett
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program; University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Nenad Blau
- Dietmar-Hopp-Metabolic Center, Department of General Pediatrics; University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, ASST “Gaetano Pini-CTO”; Milan Italy
| | - Matthew J. Farrer
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | | | - Ali H. Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program; University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Humanitas University; Pieve Emanuele Milan Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan Italy
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Rajput AH, Rajput ML, Ferguson LW, Rajput A. Baseline motor findings and Parkinson disease prognostic subtypes. Neurology 2017; 89:138-143. [PMID: 28592451 PMCID: PMC5501934 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify the significance of baseline motor features to the lifelong prognostic motor subtypes in a Parkinson disease (PD) cohort. Methods: In a previous study of 166 PD cases, we observed different prognosis in tremor-dominant, akinetic-rigid, and mixed subtypes. This study includes the same cases, but we excluded 10 cases with symptoms of ≥15 years duration at baseline. Relative severity of tremor, bradykinesia/akinesia, and rigidity at baseline were evaluated as predictors of the motor subtypes, which are known to have different prognosis. Results: The most common motor subtype was mixed, followed by akinetic-rigid and then the tremor-dominant. Seventy cases were not receiving antiparkinsonian drugs at baseline. The prognostic subtypes could be predicted at baseline in 85% of all and in 91% of the treatment-naive cases. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values were strong for the mixed and the akinetic-rigid but weak for the tremor-dominant subtype. Conclusions: Our data show that motor profile at baseline can predict prognosis in most PD cases. These findings can be incorporated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Rajput
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.R., A.R.), Saskatoon Health Region/University of Saskatchewan, Rosthern; and Movement Disorders Program (M.L.R.) and College of Medicine (L.W.F.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Michele L Rajput
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.R., A.R.), Saskatoon Health Region/University of Saskatchewan, Rosthern; and Movement Disorders Program (M.L.R.) and College of Medicine (L.W.F.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Leslie W Ferguson
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.R., A.R.), Saskatoon Health Region/University of Saskatchewan, Rosthern; and Movement Disorders Program (M.L.R.) and College of Medicine (L.W.F.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- From the Division of Neurology (A.H.R., A.R.), Saskatoon Health Region/University of Saskatchewan, Rosthern; and Movement Disorders Program (M.L.R.) and College of Medicine (L.W.F.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Sitte HH, Pifl C, Rajput AH, Hörtnagl H, Tong J, Lloyd GK, Kish SJ, Hornykiewicz O. Dopamine and noradrenaline, but not serotonin, in the human claustrum are greatly reduced in patients with Parkinson's disease: possible functional implications. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:1356. [PMID: 28523903 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sitte HH, Pifl C, Rajput AH, Hörtnagl H, Tong J, Lloyd GK, Kish SJ, Hornykiewicz O. Dopamine and noradrenaline, but not serotonin, in the human claustrum are greatly reduced in patients with Parkinson's disease: possible functional implications. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:192-197. [PMID: 27741357 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the human brain, the claustrum is a small subcortical telencephalic nucleus, situated between the insular cortex and the putamen. A plethora of neuroanatomical studies have shown the existence of dense, widespread, bidirectional and bilateral monosynaptic interconnections between the claustrum and most cortical areas. A rapidly growing body of experimental evidence points to the integrative role of claustrum in complex brain functions, from motor to cognitive. Here, we examined for the first time, the behaviour of the classical monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the claustrum of the normal autopsied human brain and of patients who died with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). We found in the normal claustrum substantial amounts of all three monoamine neurotransmitters, substantiating the existence of the respective brain stem afferents to the claustrum. In PD, the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline were greatly reduced by 93 and 81%, respectively. Serotonin levels remained unchanged. We propose that by virtue of their projections to the claustrum, the brain stem dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin systems interact directly with the cortico-claustro-cortical information processing mechanisms, by-passing their (parallel) routes via the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits. We suggest that loss of dopamine and noradrenaline in the PD claustrum is critical in the aetiology of both the motor and the non-motor symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald H Sitte
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13A, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Pifl
- Centre for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, Saskatoon Health Region, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Heide Hörtnagl
- Department of Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Junchao Tong
- Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stephen J Kish
- Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oleh Hornykiewicz
- Centre for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Müller SH, Girard SL, Hopfner F, Merner ND, Bourassa CV, Lorenz D, Clark LN, Tittmann L, Soto-Ortolaza AI, Klebe S, Hallett M, Schneider SA, Hodgkinson CA, Lieb W, Wszolek ZK, Pendziwiat M, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Poewe W, Ortega-Cubero S, Seppi K, Rajput A, Hussl A, Rajput AH, Berg D, Dion PA, Wurster I, Shulman JM, Srulijes K, Haubenberger D, Pastor P, Vilariño-Güell C, Postuma RB, Bernard G, Ladwig KH, Dupré N, Jankovic J, Strauch K, Panisset M, Winkelmann J, Testa CM, Reischl E, Zeuner KE, Ross OA, Arzberger T, Chouinard S, Deuschl G, Louis ED, Kuhlenbäumer G, Rouleau GA. Genome-wide association study in essential tremor identifies three new loci. Brain 2016; 139:3163-3169. [PMID: 27797806 PMCID: PMC5382938 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide association study of essential tremor, a common movement disorder characterized mainly by a postural and kinetic tremor of the upper extremities. Twin and family history studies show a high heritability for essential tremor. The molecular genetic determinants of essential tremor are unknown. We included 2807 patients and 6441 controls of European descent in our two-stage genome-wide association study. The 59 most significantly disease-associated markers of the discovery stage were genotyped in the replication stage. After Bonferroni correction two markers, one (rs10937625) located in the serine/threonine kinase STK32B and one (rs17590046) in the transcriptional coactivator PPARGC1A were associated with essential tremor. Three markers (rs12764057, rs10822974, rs7903491) in the cell-adhesion molecule CTNNA3 were significant in the combined analysis of both stages. The expression of STK32B was increased in the cerebellar cortex of patients and expression quantitative trait loci database mining showed association between the protective minor allele of rs10937625 and reduced expression in cerebellar cortex. We found no expression differences related to disease status or marker genotype for the other two genes. Replication of two lead single nucleotide polymorphisms of previous small genome-wide association studies (rs3794087 in SLC1A2, rs9652490 in LINGO1) did not confirm the association with essential tremor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie H Müller
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon L Girard
- 2 Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Canada.,3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Franziska Hopfner
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Nancy D Merner
- 3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,4 Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Cynthia V Bourassa
- 3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Delia Lorenz
- 5 University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorraine N Clark
- 6 Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lukas Tittmann
- 7 Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and Biobank POPGEN, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Klebe
- 9 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,10 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mark Hallett
- 11 NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susanne A Schneider
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany.,12 Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Lieb
- 7 Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and Biobank POPGEN, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- 14 Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor
- 15 Neurogenetics, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, CIBERNED, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,16 Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Werner Poewe
- 17 Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- 15 Neurogenetics, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, CIBERNED, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,16 Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Seppi
- 17 Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Rajput
- 18 University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anna Hussl
- 17 Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ali H Rajput
- 18 University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Daniela Berg
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrick A Dion
- 3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Isabel Wurster
- 19 Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- 20 Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,21 Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neuroscience, and Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karin Srulijes
- 19 Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dietrich Haubenberger
- 11 NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- 15 Neurogenetics, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, CIBERNED, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,16 Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- 22 Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- 3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,23 Department of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- 3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,24 Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Neurosurgery, division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Karl-Heinz Ladwig
- 25 Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,26 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- 27 Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, CHU de Québec (Enfant-Jésus), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- 20 Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- 28 Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,29 Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Michel Panisset
- 30 Unité des troubles du mouvement André Barbeau, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- 31 Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,32 Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia M Testa
- 33 Department of Neurology and Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA
| | - Eva Reischl
- 25 Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,34 Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten E Zeuner
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Owen A Ross
- 8 Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- 35 Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, University of Munich, 80539 München, Germany.,36 Centre for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvain Chouinard
- 30 Unité des troubles du mouvement André Barbeau, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Günther Deuschl
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Elan D Louis
- 37 Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gregor Kuhlenbäumer
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- 3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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Furukawa Y, Rajput AH, Tong J, Tomizawa Y, Hornykiewicz O, Kish SJ. A marked contrast between serotonergic and dopaminergic changes in dopa-responsive dystonia. Neurology 2016; 87:1060-1. [PMID: 27488599 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Furukawa
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.F., Y.T.), Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.F., Y.T.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Human Brain Laboratory (Y.F., J.T., S.J.K.) and Research Imaging Centre (J.T., S.J.K.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Movement Disorders Program Saskatchewan (A.H.R.), University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Canada; Center for Brain Research (O.H.), University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ali H Rajput
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.F., Y.T.), Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.F., Y.T.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Human Brain Laboratory (Y.F., J.T., S.J.K.) and Research Imaging Centre (J.T., S.J.K.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Movement Disorders Program Saskatchewan (A.H.R.), University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Canada; Center for Brain Research (O.H.), University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.F., Y.T.), Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.F., Y.T.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Human Brain Laboratory (Y.F., J.T., S.J.K.) and Research Imaging Centre (J.T., S.J.K.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Movement Disorders Program Saskatchewan (A.H.R.), University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Canada; Center for Brain Research (O.H.), University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Yuji Tomizawa
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.F., Y.T.), Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.F., Y.T.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Human Brain Laboratory (Y.F., J.T., S.J.K.) and Research Imaging Centre (J.T., S.J.K.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Movement Disorders Program Saskatchewan (A.H.R.), University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Canada; Center for Brain Research (O.H.), University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Oleh Hornykiewicz
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.F., Y.T.), Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.F., Y.T.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Human Brain Laboratory (Y.F., J.T., S.J.K.) and Research Imaging Centre (J.T., S.J.K.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Movement Disorders Program Saskatchewan (A.H.R.), University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Canada; Center for Brain Research (O.H.), University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen J Kish
- From the Department of Neurology (Y.F., Y.T.), Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.F., Y.T.), Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Human Brain Laboratory (Y.F., J.T., S.J.K.) and Research Imaging Centre (J.T., S.J.K.), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; Movement Disorders Program Saskatchewan (A.H.R.), University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Canada; Center for Brain Research (O.H.), University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology (S.J.K.), University of Toronto, Canada
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Rajput AH, Ferguson LW, Robinson CA, Guella I, Farrer MJ, Rajput A. Conjugal parkinsonism - Clinical, pathology and genetic study. No evidence of person-to-person transmission. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 31:87-90. [PMID: 27481034 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegeneration is known basis of several different Parkinson syndromes. The most common Parkinson syndrome is the Parkinson's disease. Distinction between different Parkinson syndromes is based on pathology or genetic findings. Recent studies indicate that several major variants of PS have some characteristics of a prion disease and may therefore be transmissible. Married couples offer a unique opportunity to study person-to-person transmission and the role of shared environments as the cause of parkinsonism. METHODS Autopsy is offered to patients seen at the Movement Disorders Clinic Saskatchewan at no cost. Five couples seen in our clinic, where each spouse had a clinical diagnosis of parkinsonism, came to autopsy. RESULTS Median duration of marriage was 42 years before the Parkinson syndrome first manifested in a spouse. Three couples were pathologically or genetically discordant for Parkinson variant. Each spouse in the other two couples had Parkinson's disease. One couple had onset separated by 20 years and one partner had a strong family history of Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that neither of the Parkinson's disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Multiple System Atrophy are transmitted by sexual or other intimate contact. The data also indicate against shared environments as the cause of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Canada.
| | - Leslie W Ferguson
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Canada
| | | | - Ilaria Guella
- Centre of Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew J Farrer
- Centre of Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Canada
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Morissette M, Morin N, Grégoire L, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Di Paolo T. Brain α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in MPTP-lesioned monkeys and parkinsonian patients. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 109:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Shuaib UA, Rajput AH, Robinson CA, Rajput A. Neuroleptic-induced Parkinsonism: Clinicopathological study. Mov Disord 2016; 31:360-5. [PMID: 26660063 PMCID: PMC5064745 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced parkinsonism is a well-known complication of several different drugs--the most common being neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. However, very few autopsies have been reported in such cases. METHODS Patients assessed at Movement Disorders Clinic Saskatchewan are offered brain autopsy. Detailed clinical records are kept. RESULTS Brains were obtained from 7 drug-induced parkinsonism patients with parkinsonian symptom onset coinciding with use of drugs known to produce parkinsonism. Six were on antipsychotics and 1 was on metoclopramide. Three cases were treated with levodopa for parkinsonism. In two cases, parkinsonian features reversed after stopping the offending agent. Both had autopsy evidence of preclinical PD. In 4 of the remaining 5, dopamine-blocking drugs were continued until death. In 4 of those 5, brain histology revealed no cause for the parkinsonism, but 1 had mild SN neuronal loss without Lewy bodies. CONCLUSION This study shows that reversal of parkinsonism after discontinuing offending drugs does not indicate absence of underlying pathology. Neuroleptics can unmask preclinical PD in patients with insufficient SN damage for the disease to manifest clinically. Though the mechanism of sustained parkinsonian features after discontinuing neuroleptics remains to be established, it is unlikely that dopamine receptor block leads to retrograde SN neuronal degeneration. Furthermore, L-dopa does not appear to be toxic to SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar A. Shuaib
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders ProgramRoyal University HospitalSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Ali H. Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Saskatchewan Movement Disorders ProgramUniversity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon Health RegionSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Christopher A. Robinson
- Neuropathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon Health RegionSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Saskatchewan Movement Disorders ProgramUniversity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon Health RegionSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
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Rajput AH, Rajput ML, Robinson CA, Rajput A. Normal substantia nigra patients treated with levodopa - Clinical, therapeutic and pathological observations. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:1232-7. [PMID: 26372624 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Definite diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease is based on histological findings of marked substantia nigra neuronal loss and Lewy body inclusions. Almost all cases with clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease are treated with levodopa. Because there is no biological marker for the diagnosis, erroneous clinical diagnosis and treatment of such cases with levodopa are well known. There is very limited literature on levodopa treated cases that had normal substantia nigra at autopsy. METHODS Patients seen at Movement Disorders Clinic Saskatchewan are offered autopsy at no cost to the family/estate of the patient. Autopsy studies are performed by certified neuropathologists. Notation on the status of substantia nigra is made in every autopsied case. RESULTS Between 1968 and 2014, 21 cases treated with levodopa had normal substantia nigra at autopsy. Eleven patients continued levodopa until death and 9 received the drug for four years or longer. No objective motor symptom benefit, dyskinesia or motor response fluctuations on levodopa were observed in any case. The most common final diagnosis was essential tremor. CONCLUSION Individuals with normal substantia nigra do not benefit from levodopa and do not manifest motor response fluctuations or dyskinesia. Long-term use of levodopa is not toxic to normal human substantia nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Michele L Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christopher A Robinson
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Morin N, Morissette M, Grégoire L, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Di Paolo T. Contribution of brain serotonin subtype 1B receptors in levodopa-induced motor complications. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:356-68. [PMID: 26254863 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LID) are abnormal involuntary movements limiting the chronic use of L-DOPA, the main pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's disease. Serotonin receptors are implicated in the development of LID and modulation of basal ganglia 5-HT1B receptors is a potential therapeutic alternative in Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we used receptor-binding autoradiography of the 5-HT1B-selective radioligand [3H]GR125743 to investigate possible contributions of changes in ligand binding of this receptor in LID in post-mortem brain specimens from Parkinson's disease patients (n=14) and control subjects (n=11), and from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned monkeys treated with saline (n=5), L-DOPA (n=4) or L-DOPA+2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) (n=5), and control monkeys (n=4). MPEP is the prototypal metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor antagonist and has been shown to reduce the development of LID in these monkeys in a chronic treatment of one month. [3H]GR125743 specific binding to striatal and pallidal 5-HT1B receptors respectively were only increased in L-DOPA-treated MPTP monkeys (dyskinetic monkeys) as compared to controls, saline and L-DOPA+MPEP MPTP monkeys; dyskinesias scores correlated positively with this binding. Parkinson's disease patients with motor complications (L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias and wearing-off) had higher [3H]GR125743 specific binding compared to those without motor complications and controls in the basal ganglia. Reduction of motor complications was associated with normal striatal 5-HT1B receptors, suggesting the potential of this receptor for the management of motor complications in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Morin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1K 7P4, Canada; Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Marc Morissette
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Laurent Grégoire
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1K 7P4, Canada; Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Béliveau E, Tremblay C, Aubry-Lafontaine É, Paris-Robidas S, Delay C, Robinson C, Ferguson L, Rajput AH, Rajput A, Calon F. Accumulation of amyloid-β in the cerebellar cortex of essential tremor patients. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:397-408. [PMID: 26253607 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of insoluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). As essential tremor (ET) could involve neurodegenerative processes in the cerebellum, we quantified soluble and insoluble Aβ in cerebellar cortices from patients diagnosed with ET (n=9), compared to Controls (n=16) or individuals with Parkinson's disease (n=10). Although ante-mortem cognitive performance was not documented, all individuals included had the diagnosis of AD ruled out by a neuropathologist. ELISA-determined concentrations of insoluble Aβ42 in ET patients displayed a bimodal distribution, with a median 246-fold higher than in Controls (P<0.01, Kruskal-Wallis). Higher Aβ42 concentrations were measured in the parietal cortex of the same ET patients, compared to Controls (107-fold median increase, P<0.01, Kruskal-Wallis), but similar phosphorylated tau levels were detected. The rise in cerebellar insoluble Aβ42 concentrations is not associated to APP expression and processing or the ApoE4 status. However, Aβ42 levels in ET individuals were correlated with cerebellar insoluble phosphorylated tau (r(2)=0.71, P=0.005), unphosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (NF-H; r(2)=0.50, P=0.030) and Lingo-1 (r(2)=0.73, P=0.007), indicative of a generalized neurodegenerative process involving the cerebellum. Our results suggest prevalent accumulations of insoluble Aβ42 in the cerebellum of ET, but not in age-matched PD. Whether this anomaly plays a role in ET symptoms warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Béliveau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Émilie Aubry-Lafontaine
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Paris-Robidas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Chris Robinson
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Les Ferguson
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Trinh J, Guella I, McKenzie M, Gustavsson EK, Szu-Tu C, Petersen MS, Rajput A, Rajput AH, McKeown M, Jeon BS, Aasly JO, Bardien S, Farrer MJ. Novel LRRK2 mutations in Parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015. [PMID: 26213354 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Trinh
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Ilaria Guella
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marna McKenzie
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Emil K Gustavsson
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chelsea Szu-Tu
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, the Faroese Hospital System, Sigmundargøta 5, Postbox 14, FO-110, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Martin McKeown
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beom S Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Institute and Movement Disorder Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jan O Aasly
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthew J Farrer
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abstract
We review the Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, which started in 1968 and has had the dual goals of patient care and research. The clinics are structured to collect research-worthy data including videos, longitudinal follow-up, and autopsy studies of patients seen in the clinics. At every clinic visit, the patient is evaluated by one or both authors. A total of 25% to 30% of the deceased come to autopsy. Frozen half-brain and formalin-fixed remnants from autopsy are preserved in our laboratories. Patients not seen in our clinic are not included in research, which makes it different from brain banks. So far, 515 cases have come to autopsy. So far, there have been 17 collaborating scientific teams from Canada, the United States, Europe, and Japan. The collaborators are not charged for access to our resources. This program offers a unique opportunity to study multiple aspects of movement disorder patients seen in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region
| | - Alex Rajput
- Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Guella
- 1 Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Holly E Sherman
- 1 Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Silke Appel-Cresswell
- 2 Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- 3 Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ali H Rajput
- 3 Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Matthew J Farrer
- 1 Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Gustavsson EK, Guella I, Trinh J, Szu-Tu C, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Steele JC, McKeown M, Jeon BS, Aasly JO, Farrer MJ. Genetic variability of the retromer cargo recognition complex in parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2014; 30:580-4. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emil K. Gustavsson
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Neurology; St. Olav's Hospital; Trondheim Norway
| | - Ilaria Guella
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Joanne Trinh
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Chelsea Szu-Tu
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Ali H. Rajput
- Division of Neurology; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | | | - Martin McKeown
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Center, Department of Medicine (Neurology); University of British Columbia Vancouver; BC Canada
| | - Beom S. Jeon
- Department of Neurology; Clinical Research Institute and Movement Disorder Center, Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jan O. Aasly
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Neurology; St. Olav's Hospital; Trondheim Norway
| | - Matthew J. Farrer
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Center, Department of Medicine (Neurology); University of British Columbia Vancouver; BC Canada
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Gustavsson EK, Trinh J, Guella I, Vilariño-Güell C, Appel-Cresswell S, Stoessl AJ, Tsui JK, McKeown M, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Aasly JO, Farrer MJ. DNAJC13 genetic variants in parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2014; 30:273-8. [PMID: 25393719 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel mutation (p.N855S) in DNAJC13 has been linked to familial, late-onset Lewy body parkinsonism in a Dutch-German-Russian Mennonite multi-incident kindred. METHODS DNAJC13 was sequenced in 201 patients with parkinsonism and 194 controls from Canada. Rare (minor allele frequency < 0.01) missense variants identified in patients were genotyped in two Parkinson's disease case-controls cohorts. RESULTS Eighteen rare missense mutations were identified; four were observed in controls, three were observed in both patients and controls, and eleven were identified only in patients. Subsequent genotyping showed p.E1740Q and p.L2170W to be more frequent in patients, and p.R1516H being more frequent in controls. Additionally, p.P336A, p.V722L, p.N855S, p.R1266Q were seen in one patient each, and p.T1895M was found in two patients. CONCLUSION Although the contribution of rare genetic variation in DNAJC13 to parkinsonisms remains to be further elucidated, this study suggests that, in addition to p.N855S, other rare variants might affect disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil K Gustavsson
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Lorenzo-Betancor O, Ogaki K, Soto-Ortolaza A, Labbé C, Vilariño-Güell C, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Pastor P, Ortega S, Lorenzo E, Strongosky AJ, van Gerpen JA, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Ross OA. Analysis of nuclear export sequence regions of FUS-Related RNA-binding proteins in essential tremor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111989. [PMID: 25375143 PMCID: PMC4222957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Genes encoding RNA-binding proteins, including FUS and TDP43, play a central role in different neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Recently, a mutation located in the nuclear export signal (NES) of the FUS gene has been reported to cause an autosomal dominant form of familial Essential tremor. Material and Methods We sequenced the exons coding the NES domains of five RNA-binding proteins (TARDBP, hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPA1, TAF15 and EWSR1) that have been previously implicated in neurodegeneration in a series of 257 essential tremor (ET) cases and 376 healthy controls. We genotyped 404 additional ET subjects and 510 healthy controls to assess the frequency of the EWSR1 p.R471C substitution. Results We identified a rare EWSR1 p.R471C substitution, which is highly conserved, in a single subject with familial ET. The pathogenicity of this substitution remains equivocal, as DNA samples from relatives were not available and the genotyping of 404 additional ET subjects did not reveal any further carriers. No other variants were observed with significant allele frequency differences compared to controls in the NES coding regions. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the NES domains of RNA-binding proteins are highly conserved. The role of the EWSR1 p.R471C substitution needs to be further evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kotaro Ogaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Catherine Labbé
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Heath, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ali H. Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Pau Pastor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Lorenzo
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Audrey J. Strongosky
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jay A. van Gerpen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zbigniew K. Wszolek
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- Mayo Graduate School, Neurobiology of Disease, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Appel-Cresswell S, Rajput AH, Sossi V, Thompson C, Silva V, McKenzie J, Dinelle K, McCormick SE, Vilariño-Güell C, Stoessl AJ, Dickson DW, Robinson CA, Farrer MJ, Rajput A. Clinical, positron emission tomography, and pathological studies of DNAJC13 p.N855S Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1684-7. [PMID: 25186792 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Families of Dutch-German-Russian Mennonite descent with multi-incident parkinsonism have been identified as harboring a pathogenic DNAJC13 p.N855S mutation and are awaiting clinical and pathophysiological characterization. METHODS Family members were examined clinically longitudinally, and 5 underwent dopaminergic PET imaging. Four family members came to autopsy. RESULTS Of the 16 symptomatic DNAJC13 mutation carriers, 12 had clinically definite, 3 probable, and 1 possible Parkinson's disease (PD). Symptoms included bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability, with a mean onset of 63 years (range, 40-85) and slow progression. Eight of ten subjects who required treatment had a good levodopa response; motor complications and nonmotor symptoms were observed. Dopaminergic PET imaging revealed rostrocaudal striatal deficits typical for idiopathic PD in established disease and subtle abnormalities in incipient disease. Pathological examinations revealed Lewy body pathology. CONCLUSION PD associated with a DNAJC13 p.N855S mutation presents as late-onset, often slowly progressive, usually dopamine-responsive typical PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Appel-Cresswell
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Center, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Rajput
- From Movement Disorders Program Saskatchewan, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Canada.
| | - Alex Rajput
- From Movement Disorders Program Saskatchewan, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, Canada
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Pifl C, Rajput A, Reither H, Blesa J, Cavada C, Obeso JA, Rajput AH, Hornykiewicz O. Is Parkinson's disease a vesicular dopamine storage disorder? Evidence from a study in isolated synaptic vesicles of human and nonhuman primate striatum. J Neurosci 2014; 34:8210-8. [PMID: 24920625 PMCID: PMC6608236 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5456-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is still unknown. Intraneuronally, DA is largely confined to synaptic vesicles where it is protected from metabolic breakdown. In the cytoplasm, however, free DA can give rise to formation of cytotoxic free radicals. Normally, the concentration of cytoplasmic DA is kept at a minimum by continuous pumping activity of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)2. Defects in handling of cytosolic DA by VMAT2 increase levels of DA-generated oxy radicals ultimately resulting in degeneration of DAergic neurons. Here, we isolated for the first time, DA storage vesicles from the striatum of six autopsied brains of PD patients and four controls and measured several indices of vesicular DA storage mechanisms. We found that (1) vesicular uptake of DA and binding of the VMAT2-selective label [(3)H]dihydrotetrabenazine were profoundly reduced in PD by 87-90% and 71-80%, respectively; (2) after correcting for DA nerve terminal loss, DA uptake per VMAT2 transport site was significantly reduced in PD caudate and putamen by 53 and 55%, respectively; (3) the VMAT2 transport defect appeared specific for PD as it was not present in Macaca fascicularis (7 MPTP and 8 controls) with similar degree of MPTP-induced nigrostriatal neurodegeneration; and (4) DA efflux studies and measurements of acidification in the vesicular preparations suggest that the DA storage impairment was localized at the VMAT2 protein itself. We propose that this VMAT2 defect may be an early abnormality promoting mechanisms leading to nigrostriatal DA neuron death in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pifl
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria,
| | - Alex Rajput
- Movement Disorders Program Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, SK S7N OW8, Canada
| | - Harald Reither
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Javier Blesa
- Movement Disorders Group, Neurosciences Division, CIMA, and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, E31008 Pamplona, Spain, and
| | - Carmen Cavada
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Obeso
- Movement Disorders Group, Neurosciences Division, CIMA, and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, E31008 Pamplona, Spain, and
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Movement Disorders Program Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, SK S7N OW8, Canada
| | - Oleh Hornykiewicz
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is the most common pathological tremor characterized by upper limb action-postural tremor (PT)/kinetic tremor (KT). There are no specific neuropathological or biochemical abnormalities in ET. The disability is consequent to amplitude of KT, which may remain mild without handicap or may become disabling. The most effective drugs for sustained tremor control are propranolol and primidone. Symptomatic drug treatment must be individualized depending on the circumstances that provoke the tremor-related disability. Broad guidelines for treatment are discussed in this review. Patients may be treated intermittently only on stressful occasions with propranolol, clonazepam, or primidone monotherapy, or an alcoholic drink. Those with persistently disabling tremor need continued treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Rajput
- University of Saskatchewan, Canada
- Saskatoon Health Region, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- University of Saskatchewan, Canada
- Saskatoon Health Region, Canada
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Rajput AH. Factors predictive of the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia and Wearing-Off in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2014; 29:429. [PMID: 24375668 PMCID: PMC4286025 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Rajput
- University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health RegionSaskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Delay C, Tremblay C, Brochu E, Paris-Robidas S, Emond V, Rajput AH, Rajput A, Calon F. Increased LINGO1 in the cerebellum of essential tremor patients. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1637-47. [PMID: 24531928 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is the most prevalent adult-onset movement disorder. Despite its health burden, no clear pathognomonic sign has been identified to date because of the rarity of clinicopathological studies. Moreover, treatment options are still scarce and have not significantly changed in the last 30 years, underscoring the urgent need to develop new treatment avenues. In the recent years, leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-containing Nogo receptor-interacting proteins 1 and 2 (LINGO1 and LINGO2, respectively) have been increasingly regarded as possible ET modulators due to emerging genetic association studies linking LINGO with ET. We have investigated LINGO protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the cerebellum of patients with ET, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and a control group using Western immunoblotting and in situ hybridization. Protein levels of LINGO1, but not LINGO2, were significantly increased in the cerebellar cortex of ET patients compared with controls, particularly in individuals with longer disease duration. Compared with controls, LINGO1 protein levels were increased in the cerebellar white matter of PD and ET patients but, for the latter, only when disease duration exceeded 20 years. However, no alteration in LINGO1 mRNA was observed between groups in either the cerebellar cortex or the white matter. We observed alterations in LINGO expression in diseased brain that seemed to progress along with the disease, being initiated in the cerebellar cortex before reaching the white matter. Because LINGO up-regulation has been identified as a potential pathological response to ongoing neurodegenerative processes, the present data suggest that LINGO1 is a potential drug target for ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Delay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Neurosciences Axis, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment strategies should consider each patient individually. Drug therapy is the mainstay of treatment. An average 62-year-old male first diagnosed with PD will likely live for 20 years and treatment should be geared for long-term control of symptoms and quality of life. Of the currently available drugs, none are neurotoxic to the human substantia nigra and none are neuroprotective. As PD is a progressive disorder, all drugs have adverse effects and reduced efficacy with time. PD patients need regular follow-ups to make necessary medication adjustments. There is no perfect treatment. The authors have discussed their treatment methods and the reasoning behind it. Depending on the patient's age, the predominant symptoms and quality of life, treatment is individualized. In an average patient the least potent drugs, such as anticholinergics or amantadine, are administered first adding a dopamine agonist later on. Levodopa (LD) remains the most useful drug for PD and is reserved for later stages of disease. The objective is to keep the patient at Hoehn and Yahr Stage 2.0 or lower level of disability (bilateral findings with preserved postural reflexes) during off-stage and to avoid adverse effects. There is no long-term difference between standard preparations and control release formulations of LD/carbidopa or LD/benserazide. In older subjects, the first choice is LD. In patients who cannot be managed medically, surgical treatment is an option in selected patients (nondemented, <70 years old, previous good LD response). The surgical treatment of choice is currently subthalamic nucleus deep-brain stimulation. Physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy are valuable in advanced PD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rajput
- Royal University Hospital, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W8, Canada.
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Vilariño-Güell C, Rajput A, Milnerwood AJ, Shah B, Szu-Tu C, Trinh J, Yu I, Encarnacion M, Munsie LN, Tapia L, Gustavsson EK, Chou P, Tatarnikov I, Evans DM, Pishotta FT, Volta M, Beccano-Kelly D, Thompson C, Lin MK, Sherman HE, Han HJ, Guenther BL, Wasserman WW, Bernard V, Ross CJ, Appel-Cresswell S, Stoessl AJ, Robinson CA, Dickson DW, Ross OA, Wszolek ZK, Aasly JO, Wu RM, Hentati F, Gibson RA, McPherson PS, Girard M, Rajput M, Rajput AH, Farrer MJ. DNAJC13 mutations in Parkinson disease. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1794-801. [PMID: 24218364 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Saskatchewan multi-incident family was clinically characterized with Parkinson disease (PD) and Lewy body pathology. PD segregates as an autosomal-dominant trait, which could not be ascribed to any known mutation. DNA from three affected members was subjected to exome sequencing. Genome alignment, variant annotation and comparative analyses were used to identify shared coding mutations. Sanger sequencing was performed within the extended family and ethnically matched controls. Subsequent genotyping was performed in a multi-ethnic case-control series consisting of 2928 patients and 2676 control subjects from Canada, Norway, Taiwan, Tunisia, and the USA. A novel mutation in receptor-mediated endocytosis 8/RME-8 (DNAJC13 p.Asn855Ser) was found to segregate with disease. Screening of cases and controls identified four additional patients with the mutation, of which two had familial parkinsonism. All carriers shared an ancestral DNAJC13 p.Asn855Ser haplotype and claimed Dutch-German-Russian Mennonite heritage. DNAJC13 regulates the dynamics of clathrin coats on early endosomes. Cellular analysis shows that the mutation confers a toxic gain-of-function and impairs endosomal transport. DNAJC13 immunoreactivity was also noted within Lewy body inclusions. In late-onset disease which is most reminiscent of idiopathic PD subtle deficits in endosomal receptor-sorting/recycling are highlighted by the discovery of pathogenic mutations VPS35, LRRK2 and now DNAJC13. With this latest discovery, and from a neuronal perspective, a temporal and functional ecology is emerging that connects synaptic exo- and endocytosis, vesicular trafficking, endosomal recycling and the endo-lysosomal degradative pathway. Molecular deficits in these processes are genetically linked to the phenotypic spectrum of parkinsonism associated with Lewy body pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
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Ross JP, Rayaprolu S, Bernales CQ, Soto-Ortolaza AI, van Gerpen J, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Rajput ML, Ross OA, Vilariño-Güell C. SLC1A2 rs3794087 does not associate with essential tremor. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:935.e9-10. [PMID: 24139280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A recent genome-wide association study of patients with essential tremor (ET) from Germany has nominated SLC1A2 rs3794087 as a novel risk factor for disease. This association was independently replicated in the Chinese population, albeit with an opposite direction of effect. To further define the role of SLC1A2 in ET, we genotyped rs3794087 in a North American series consisting of 1347 patients with ET and controls. Statistical analysis did not identify significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies between healthy controls and patients with ET (p > 0.36). These findings therefore do not support a role for SLC1A2 rs3794087 in susceptibility to ET in the North American population. Further studies in ethnically distinct populations of patients with ET are necessary to understand whether genetic variability in SLC1A2 affects disease risk for ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Ross
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sruti Rayaprolu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Cecily Q Bernales
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jay van Gerpen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Michele L Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada.
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Rajput A, Rajput AH, Rajput ML, Encarnacion M, Bernales CQ, Ross JP, Farrer MJ, Vilariño-Güell C. Identification of FUS p.R377W in essential tremor. Eur J Neurol 2013; 21:361-3. [PMID: 23834483 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exome sequencing analysis has recently identified a nonsense mutation in fused in sarcoma (FUS) segregating with essential tremor (ET) within a large French-Canadian family. Further characterization of FUS resulted in the identification of additional mutations in ET patients; however, their pathogenicity still remains to be confirmed. The role of FUS in an independent cohort of ET patients from Canada was evaluated. METHODS The entire coding sequence of FUS in 217 patients diagnosed with ET was analyzed and two missense variants in 219 healthy controls were genotyped by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Sequencing of FUS identified a previously reported non-pathogenic mutation p.G174_G175del in one ET patient and two healthy controls, and a novel p.R377W in one patient with family history of disease. This mutation is highly conserved and strongly predicted to be damaging by in silico analysis. CONCLUSION This study has identified a novel FUS p.R377W substitution in ET patients. Additional genotyping studies in a large number of ET patients and controls are necessary to conclusively define its pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Appel-Cresswell S, Vilarino-Guell C, Encarnacion M, Sherman H, Yu I, Shah B, Weir D, Thompson C, Szu-Tu C, Trinh J, Aasly JO, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Jon Stoessl A, Farrer MJ. Alpha-synuclein p.H50Q, a novel pathogenic mutation for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2013; 28:811-3. [PMID: 23457019 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-synuclein plays a central role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Three missense mutations in SNCA, the gene encoding alpha-synuclein, as well as genomic multiplications have been identified as causes for autosomal-dominantly inherited Parkinsonism. METHODS Here, we describe a novel missense mutation in exon 4 of SNCA encoding a H50Q substitution in a patient with dopa-responsive Parkinson's disease with a family history of parkinsonism and dementia. RESULTS The variant was not observed in public databases or identified in unrelated subjects. CONCLUSIONS The substitution's evolutionary conservation and protein modeling provide additional support for pathogenicity as the amino acid perturbs the same amphipathic alpha helical structure as the previously described pathogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Appel-Cresswell
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Rajput AH, Robinson CA, Rajput A. Purkinje cell loss is neither pathological basis nor characteristic of essential tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2013; 19:490-1. [PMID: 23312988 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder and the prevalence rate increases with age. The most frequently prescribed and perhaps the most effective drugs for symptomatic treatment of ET are beta-blocking drugs such as propranolol. Some beta blockers are contraindicated in respiratory disorders (RD) and in cardiac conditions such as bradycardia, the frequency of which is unknown in ET patients. We studied RD and bradycardia (BPM </= 60) in 100 consecutive ET patients. Thirty-seven patients had RD and/or bradycardia - 18 had RD only, 17 bradycardia only and two cases had both). Thirty-two of these cases could not be prescribed a beta-blocking drug and five tolerated less than the optimal dose of propranolol. Our data suggest that respiratory disorders may be more common in ET cases than expected in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dhand
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N OW8
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Abstract
The pathophysiology of essential tremor (ET) remains unknown. Standard neuropathological studies have reported no consistent changes but a detailed study found neurodegeneration in all ET cases - 24% demonstrated lower brainstem Lewy body (LB) inclusions and 76% experienced a loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and its sequelae. We review the evidence on neurodegeneration in ET. The prevalence of LB inclusions in ET brains is similar to that in the asymptomatic general population. These incidental LB disease cases have evidence for reduced striatal tyrosine hydroxylase levels, as found in Parkinson's disease, but there is no evidence for reduced tyrosine hydroxylase levels in ET patients. Reduced mean PC counts in ET cases compared with the controls reported by some studies could not be replicated by others. Most ET cases have the same number of PCs as controls of a comparable age. Neither the lower brainstem LB inclusions nor the cerebellar PC loss represent the neurodegenerative basis of ET. Further studies are needed to determine the pathophysiology of ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Rajput
- Movement Disorders Program, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
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Luo C, Rajput AH, Robinson CA, Rajput A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-B receptor 1 in cerebellar cortex of essential tremor. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:920-1. [PMID: 22321358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Some reports suggest cerebellar dysfunction as the basis of essential tremor (ET). Several drugs with the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are known to improve ET. Autopsy studies were performed on brains from nine former patients followed at the Movement Disorders Clinic Saskatchewan, Canada, and compared with five normal control brains. We aimed to measure the concentration of GABA B receptor 1 (GBR1) in the brains of patients who had had ET and to compare them to the GABA concentration in brains of controls. Western blot was used to determine the expression of GBR1 in cerebellar cortex tissue. We found that compared to the controls, the ET brains had three different patterns of GBR1 protein concentration--two with high, four comparable, and three with marginally low levels. There was no association between the age of onset, severity or duration of tremor, the response to alcohol or other drugs and GBR1 level. Thus, we conclude that our study does not support that GBR1 is involved in ET. Further studies are needed to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Luo
- Movement Disorders Program, Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan/Saskatoon Health Region, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0W8
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Paris-Robidas S, Brochu E, Sintes M, Emond V, Bousquet M, Vandal M, Pilote M, Tremblay C, Di Paolo T, Rajput AH, Rajput A, Calon F. Defective dentate nucleus GABA receptors in essential tremor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 135:105-16. [PMID: 22120148 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of new treatments for essential tremor, the most frequent movement disorder, is limited by a poor understanding of its pathophysiology and the relative paucity of clinicopathological studies. Here, we report a post-mortem decrease in GABA(A) (35% reduction) and GABA(B) (22-31% reduction) receptors in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum from individuals with essential tremor, compared with controls or individuals with Parkinson's disease, as assessed by receptor-binding autoradiography. Concentrations of GABA(B) receptors in the dentate nucleus were inversely correlated with the duration of essential tremor symptoms (r(2) = 0.44, P < 0.05), suggesting that the loss of GABA(B) receptors follows the progression of the disease. In situ hybridization experiments also revealed a diminution of GABA(B(1a+b)) receptor messenger RNA in essential tremor (↓27%). In contrast, no significant changes of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors (protein and messenger RNA), GluN2B receptors, cytochrome oxidase-1 or GABA concentrations were detected in molecular or granular layers of the cerebellar cortex. It is proposed that a decrease in GABA receptors in the dentate nucleus results in disinhibition of cerebellar pacemaker output activity, propagating along the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways to generate tremors. Correction of such defective cerebellar GABAergic drive could have a therapeutic effect in essential tremor.
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Deng Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xiao S, Song D, Qing H, Li Q, Rajput AH. Occurrence and distribution of salsolinol-like compound, 1-acetyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (ADTIQ) in parkinsonian brains. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2011; 119:435-41. [PMID: 22065205 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-011-0724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) arises from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is well known to cause Parkinsonism in humans with neurotoxicity specific for dopaminergic neurons. The experience with MPTP supports the hypothesis that endogenous or xenobiotic neurotoxins are involved in the pathogenesis of PD in humans. In our study, 1-acetyl-6, 7-dihydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline (ADTIQ), a novel compound, was found in frozen human brain tissues. The formation of ADTIQ was demonstrated using dopamine and methylglyoxal under physiological conditions. Methylglyoxal is a by-product of glycolysis. ADTIQ and its precursors, dopamine and methylglyoxal, were detected in different regions of frozen human brains such as the substantia nigra, caudate nucleus, putamen, frontal cortex, and the cerebellum. A significant difference in ADTIQ levels between control and Parkinson's patients was found; for instance, the ADTIQ level in putamen of PD patients was 0.76 ± 0.27 nmol/g compared to 0.10 ± 0.01 nmol/g in control. Our results might indicate that ADTIQ is possibly related to Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Vilariño-Güell C, Wider C, Ross OA, Dachsel JC, Kachergus JM, Lincoln SJ, Soto-Ortolaza AI, Cobb SA, Wilhoite GJ, Bacon JA, Behrouz B, Melrose HL, Hentati E, Puschmann A, Evans DM, Conibear E, Wasserman WW, Aasly JO, Burkhard PR, Djaldetti R, Ghika J, Hentati F, Krygowska-Wajs A, Lynch T, Melamed E, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Solida A, Wu RM, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Vingerhoets F, Farrer MJ. VPS35 mutations in Parkinson disease. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 89:162-7. [PMID: 21763482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 625] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of genetic causes for Mendelian disorders has been based on the collection of multi-incident families, linkage analysis, and sequencing of genes in candidate intervals. This study describes the application of next-generation sequencing technologies to a Swiss kindred presenting with autosomal-dominant, late-onset Parkinson disease (PD). The family has tremor-predominant dopa-responsive parkinsonism with a mean onset of 50.6 ± 7.3 years. Exome analysis suggests that an aspartic-acid-to-asparagine mutation within vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35 c.1858G>A; p.Asp620Asn) is the genetic determinant of disease. VPS35 is a central component of the retromer cargo-recognition complex, is critical for endosome-trans-golgi trafficking and membrane-protein recycling, and is evolutionarily highly conserved. VPS35 c.1858G>A was found in all affected members of the Swiss kindred and in three more families and one patient with sporadic PD, but it was not observed in 3,309 controls. Further sequencing of familial affected probands revealed only one other missense variant, VPS35 c.946C>T; (p.Pro316Ser), in a pedigree with one unaffected and two affected carriers, and thus the pathogenicity of this mutation remains uncertain. Retromer-mediated sorting and transport is best characterized for acid hydrolase receptors. However, the complex has many types of cargo and is involved in a diverse array of biologic pathways from developmental Wnt signaling to lysosome biogenesis. Our study implicates disruption of VPS35 and retromer-mediated trans-membrane protein sorting, rescue, and recycling in the neurodegenerative process leading to PD.
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Vilariño-Güell C, Ross OA, Aasly JO, White LR, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Lynch T, Krygowska-Wajs A, Jasinska-Myga B, Opala G, Barcikowska M, Lee MC, Hentati F, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Farrer MJ, Wu RM. An independent replication of PARK16 in Asian samples. Neurology 2011; 75:2248-9. [PMID: 21172849 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318202031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Vilariño-Güell
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Dachsel JC, Wider C, Vilariño-Güell C, Aasly JO, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Lynch T, Craig D, Krygowska-Wajs A, Jasinska-Myga B, Opala G, Barcikowska M, Czyzewski K, Wu RM, Heckman MG, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Farrer MJ, Ross OA. Death-associated protein kinase 1 variation and Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2010; 18:1090-3. [PMID: 21749573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mutations of the LRRK2 gene are now recognized as major risk factors for Parkinson's disease. The Lrrk2 protein is a member of the ROCO family, which also includes Lrrk1 and Dapk1. Functional genetic variants of the DAPK1 gene (rs4877365 and rs4878104) have been previously associated with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Herein, we assessed the role of DAPK1 variants (rs4877365 and rs4878104) in risk of Parkinson's disease with Sequenom iPLEX genotyping, employing one Taiwanese series (391 patients with Parkinson's disease, 344 controls) and five separate Caucasian series' (combined sample size 1962 Parkinson's disease patients, 1900 controls). RESULTS We observed no evidence of association for rs4877365 and rs4878104 and risk of Parkinson's disease in any of the individual series or in the combined Caucasian series under either an additive or recessive model. CONCLUSION These specific DAPK1 intronic variants do not increase the risk of Parkinson's disease. However, further functional studies are required to elucidate the potential therapeutic implications with the dimerization of the Dapk1 and Lrrk2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Dachsel
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Hopp K, Popescu BFG, McCrea RPE, Harder SL, Robinson CA, Haacke ME, Rajput AH, Rajput A, Nichol H. Brain iron detected by SWI high pass filtered phase calibrated with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 31:1346-54. [PMID: 20512886 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the ability of susceptibility weighted images (SWI) and high pass filtered phase images to localize and quantify brain iron. MATERIALS AND METHODS Magnetic resonance (MR) images of human cadaver brain hemispheres were collected using a gradient echo based SWI sequence at 1.5T. For X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping, each brain was cut to obtain slices that reasonably matched the MR images and iron was mapped at the iron K-edge at 50 or 100 microm resolution. Iron was quantified using XRF calibration foils. Phase and iron XRF were averaged within anatomic regions of one slice, chosen for its range of iron concentrations and nearly perfect anatomic correspondence. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to determine if the chemical form of iron was different in regions with poorer correspondence between iron and phase. RESULTS Iron XRF maps, SWI, and high pass filtered phase data in nine brain slices from five subjects were visually very similar, particularly in high iron regions. The chemical form of iron could not explain poor matches. The correlation between the concentration of iron and phase in the cadaver brain was estimated as c(Fe) [microg/g tissue] = 850Deltavarpi + 110. CONCLUSION The phase shift Deltavarpi was found to vary linearly with iron concentration with the best correspondence found in regions with high iron content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Hopp
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Vilariño-Güell C, Wider C, Aasly JO, White LR, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Lynch T, Krygowska-Wajs A, Jasinska-Myga B, Opala G, Barcikowska M, Czyzewski K, Wu RM, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Farrer MJ, Ross OA. Association of pyridoxal kinase and Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2010; 67:409-11. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.21962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cobb SA, Wider C, Ross OA, Mata IF, Adler CH, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Wu RM, Hauser R, Josephs KA, Carr J, Gwinn K, Heckman MG, Aasly JO, Lynch T, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Kapatos G, Farrer MJ. GCH1 in early-onset Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2010; 24:2070-5. [PMID: 19735094 DOI: 10.1002/mds.22729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GTP-cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) cause autosomal dominant dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD), characterized by childhood-onset foot dystonia that later generalizes. DRD patients frequently present with associated Parkinsonism. Conversely, early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) patients commonly display dystonia. Herein, we investigated the frequency of GCH1 mutations in a series of 53 familial EOPD patients (21 with dystonia) and screened them for mutations in PRKN, PINK1, and DJ-1. In addition, we examined a matched EOPD patient-control series for association of common variability at the GCH1 locus and EOPD susceptibility. No GCH1 coding change or copy-number abnormality was identified in familial EOPD patients. A novel 18-bp deletion was found in the proximal promoter (two patients, one control), which is expected to knock out two regulatory elements previously shown to regulate GCH1 transcription. No association was found between GCH1 variability and risk of EOPD. Fourteen (26.4%) familial EOPD patients had homozygous or compound heterozygous PRKN mutations. PRKN-positive patients were 10 years younger than PRKN-negative patients and had a twofold higher prevalence of dystonia. This study does not support a significant role for genetic variation at the GCH1 locus in EOPD. However, our results further highlight the relevance of PRKN screening in familial EOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Cobb
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
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Ouattara B, Grégoire L, Morissette M, Gasparini F, Vranesic I, Bilbe G, Johns DR, Rajput A, Hornykiewicz O, Rajput AH, Gomez-Mancilla B, Di Paolo T. Metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 in levodopa-induced motor complications. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 32:1286-95. [PMID: 20036444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors type 5 (mGluR5) are implicated in regulation of synaptic plasticity and learning, and were the focus of our investigation in human Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with dyskinesias and wearing-off, and in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) monkeys with dyskinesias. Using the selective mGluR5 ligand [(3)H]ABP688 autoradiography, we measured mGluR5 in brain slices from 11 normal and 14 PD patients and from MPTP monkeys, in relation to motor complications (dyskinesias and wearing-off) associated with treatment with l-dopa. In 16 monkeys with a bilateral MPTP lesion and four controls, [(3)H]ABP688 specific binding was elevated in the striatum of dyskinetic l-dopa-treated MPTP monkeys but not in MPTP monkeys without dyskinesias compared to controls. PD patients with motor complications (either dyskinesias or wearing-off) had higher [(3)H]ABP688 specific binding compared to those without motor complications and controls in putamen, external and internal globus pallidus. Elevated glutamatergic transmission as measured with increased mGluR5 specific binding was associated with motor complications and its antagonism could be targeted for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bazoumana Ouattara
- Molecular Endocrinology and Genomic Research Center, Laval University Medical Center, Quebec (QC), Canada
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