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Vaitinadapoulé H, Poinard S, He Z, Pascale-Hamri A, Thomas J, Gain P, Thuret JY, Mascarelli F, Thuret G. Nanotopography by chromatic confocal microscopy of the endothelium in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and healthy corneas. Br J Ophthalmol 2023:bjo-2023-323297. [PMID: 37714683 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-323297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the interest of chromatic confocal microscopy (CCM) to characterise guttae in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). METHODS Descemet's membranes (DM) were obtained during endothelial keratoplasty in patients with FECD and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK). They were compared with healthy samples obtained from body donation to science. Samples were fixed in 0.5% paraformaldehyde and flat mounted. Surface roughness of DMs was quantified using CCM and the AltiMap software that provided the maximum peak (Sp) and valley (Sv) heights, the mean square roughness (Rq) and the asymmetry coefficient (Ssk). RESULTS The physiological roughness of healthy samples was characterised by an Rq of 0.12±0.05 µm, which was two times rougher than in PBK (Rq=0.06±0.03 µm), but both were still flat with a symmetrical distribution between peaks and valleys (Ssk close to 0, npeaks=nvalleys), smaller than 1 µm. In FECD, the maximum peak height was 5.10±2.40 µm, up to 5.8 and 8.3 times higher than the control and PBK, respectively. The maximum valley depth was half than the peak (2.28±0.89 µm). The surface with guttae was very rough (Rq=0.45±0.14 µm) and the Ssk=1.84± 0.43 µm, greater than 0, confirms an asymmetric surface with high peaks and low valleys (npeaks>nvalleys). Moreover, the CCM provided quantitative parameters allowing to distinguish different types of guttae from different patients. CONCLUSIONS CCM is an innovative approach to describe and quantify different morphologies of guttae. It could be useful to analyse the different stages of FECD and define subgroups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanielle Vaitinadapoulé
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering, and Imaging for Ophthalmology, BiiO, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sylvain Poinard
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering, and Imaging for Ophthalmology, BiiO, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Centre Saint-Étienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Zhiguo He
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering, and Imaging for Ophthalmology, BiiO, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Justin Thomas
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering, and Imaging for Ophthalmology, BiiO, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Gain
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering, and Imaging for Ophthalmology, BiiO, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Centre Saint-Étienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Yves Thuret
- University of Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, Île-de-France, France
| | - Frédéric Mascarelli
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S INSERM 1138, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering, and Imaging for Ophthalmology, BiiO, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Centre Saint-Étienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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Leggio L, Di Maio Y, Pascale-Hamri A, Egaud G, Reynaud S, Sedao X, Mauclair C. Ultrafast Laser Patterning of Metals Commonly Used in Medical Industry: Surface Roughness Control with Energy Gradient Pulse Sequences. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:251. [PMID: 36837953 PMCID: PMC9967074 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast laser ablation is widely used as a versatile method for accurate micro-machining of polymers, glasses and metals for a variety of industrial and biomedical applications. We report on the use of a novel process parameter, the modulation of the laser pulse energy during the multi-scan texturing of surfaces. We show that this new and straightforward control method allows us to attain higher and lower roughness (Ra) values than the conventional constant pulse energy irradiation sequence. This new multi-scanning laser ablation strategy was conducted on metals that are commonly used in the biomedical industry, such as stainless steel, titanium, brass and silver samples, using a linear (increasing or decreasing) gradient of pulse energy, i.e., varying the pulse energy across successive laser scans. The effects of ablation were studied in terms of roughness, developed interfacial area ratio, skewness and ablation efficiency of the processed surfaces. Significantly, the investigation has shown a global trend for all samples that the roughness is minimum when a decreasing energy pulse sequence is employed, i.e., the irradiation sequence ends up with the applied laser fluences close to threshold laser fluences and is maximum with increasing energy distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis on single craters with the three different energy deposition conditions revealed a chaotic and random material redistribution in the cases of uniform and increasing energy distributions and the presence of regular laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) at the bottom of the ablation region in the case of decreasing energy distribution. It is also shown that the ablation efficiency of the ablated surfaces does not significantly change between the three cases. Therefore, this novel energy control strategy permits the control of the roughness of the processed surfaces without losing the ablation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Leggio
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Université Jean Monnet, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Yoan Di Maio
- GIE Manutech-USD, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Alina Pascale-Hamri
- GIE Manutech-USD, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Gregory Egaud
- GIE Manutech-USD, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Stephanie Reynaud
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Université Jean Monnet, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Xxx Sedao
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Université Jean Monnet, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
- GIE Manutech-USD, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Cyril Mauclair
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Université Jean Monnet, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
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Basset S, Heisbourg G, Pascale-Hamri A, Benayoun S, Valette S. Effect of Texturing Environment on Wetting of Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Surfaces Designed by Femtosecond Laser Texturing. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3099. [PMID: 36144887 PMCID: PMC9506261 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by Euphorbia leaves, micrometric pillars are designed on 316L stainless steel surfaces using a femtosecond laser to achieve superhydrophobicity. In this study, we focus on wetting behavior evolution as a function of time and chemical environment. Two types of texturing designs are performed: the laser texturing of micrometric square pillars, and the laser texturing of micrometric square pillars whose tops were irradiated using various fluences to obtain a different topography on the nanometric scale. Two laser texturing environments are considered in both cases: a CO2 flow and ambient air. The main result is that 250 days after laser texturing, steady-state contact angles (SSCA) were above 130° no matter what the environment was. We also study the effect of regular wetting over time. Comparing the results of surfaces for which wetting over time was conducted and that of the undisturbed surfaces for 250 days demonstrates that performing wetting measurements when the surface is not stable led to major changes in droplet behavior. Our surfaces have a unique wettability in which droplets are in an intermediate state. Finally, using a CO2 flow did not help reach higher SSCA, but it limited the effect of regular wetting measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Basset
- Laboratory of Tribology and Systems Dynamics, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69130 Ecully, France
- EDF R&D—Lab Les Renardières, 77250 Ecuelles, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Benayoun
- Laboratory of Tribology and Systems Dynamics, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69130 Ecully, France
| | - Stéphane Valette
- Laboratory of Tribology and Systems Dynamics, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69130 Ecully, France
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Descombin A, Poncharal P, Pascale-Hamri A, Choueib M, Diehl R, Vincent P, Purcell ST, Ayari A, Perisanu S. Giant, Voltage Tuned, Quality Factors of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene at Room Temperature. Nano Lett 2019; 19:1534-1538. [PMID: 30707585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mastering dissipation in graphene-based nanostructures is still the major challenge in most fundamental and technological exploitations of these ultimate mechanical nanoresonators. Although high quality factors have been measured for carbon nanotubes (>106) and graphene (>105) at cryogenic temperatures, room-temperature values are orders of magnitude lower (≃102). We present here a controlled quality factor increase of up to ×103 for these basic carbon nanostructures when externally stressed like a guitar string. Quantitative agreement is found with theory attributing this decrease in dissipation to the decrease in viscoelastic losses inside the material, an effect enhanced by tunable "soft clamping". Quality factors exceeding 25 000 for SWCNTs and 5000 for graphene were obtained on several samples, reaching the limits of the graphene material itself. The combination of ultralow size and mass with high quality factors opens new perspectives for atomically localized force sensing and quantum computing as the coherence time exceeds state-of-the-art cryogenic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Descombin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - P Poncharal
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - A Pascale-Hamri
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - M Choueib
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - R Diehl
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - P Vincent
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - S T Purcell
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - A Ayari
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - S Perisanu
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 , Villeurbanne , France
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Pascale-Hamri A, Perisanu S, Derouet A, Journet C, Vincent P, Ayari A, Purcell ST. Ultrashort single-wall carbon nanotubes reveal field-emission coulomb blockade and highest electron-source brightness. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:126805. [PMID: 24724670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.126805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present here well-defined Coulomb staircases using an original field-emission experiment on several individual in situ-grown single-wall carbon nanotubes. A unique in situ process was applied nine times to progressively shorten one single-wall carbon nanotube down to ≃10 nm, which increased the oscillations periods from 5.5 to 80 V, the temperature for observable Coulomb staircase to 1100 K and the currents to 1.8 μA. This process led to the brightest electron source ever reported [9×1011 A/(str m2 V)].
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pascale-Hamri
- ILM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 et CNRS, UMR 5586, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Perisanu
- ILM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 et CNRS, UMR 5586, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Derouet
- ILM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 et CNRS, UMR 5586, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Journet
- ILM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 et CNRS, UMR 5586, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - P Vincent
- ILM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 et CNRS, UMR 5586, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Ayari
- ILM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 et CNRS, UMR 5586, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - S T Purcell
- ILM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 et CNRS, UMR 5586, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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