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Leite ADA, Melo LCA, Hurtarte LCC, Zuin L, Piccolla CD, Werder D, Shabtai I, Lehmann J. Magnesium-enriched poultry manure enhances phosphorus bioavailability in biochars. Chemosphere 2023; 331:138759. [PMID: 37088201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of calcium-rich feedstock (e.g., poultry manure) generates semi-crystalline and crystalline phosphorus (P) species, compromising its short-term availability to plants. However, enriching poultry manure with magnesium (Mg) before pyrolysis may improve the ability of biochar to supply P. This study investigated how increasing the Mg/Ca ratio and pyrolysis temperature of poultry manure affected its P availability and speciation. Mg enrichment by ∼2.1% increased P availability (extracted using 2% citric and formic acid) by 20% in Mg-biochar at pyrolysis temperatures up to 600 °C. Linear combination fitting of P K-edge XANES of biochar, and Mg/Ca stoichiometry, indicate that P species, mainly Ca-P and Mg-P, are altered after pyrolysis. At 300 °C, adding Mg as magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] created MgNH4PO4 (18%) and Mg3(PO4)2.8H2O (23%) in the biochar, while without addition of Mg Ca3(PO4)2 (11%) predominated, both differing only for pyrophosphate, 33 and 16%, respectively. Similarly, the P L2,3 edge XANES data of biochar made with Mg were indicative of either MgHPO4.3H2O or Mg3(PO4)2.8H2O, in comparison to CaHPO4.2H2O or Ca3(PO4)2 without Mg. More importantly, hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)] was not identified with Mg additions, while it was abundant in biochars produced without Mg both at 600 (12%) and 700 °C (32%). The presence of Mg formed Mg-P minerals that could enhance P mobility in soil more than Ca-P, and may have resulted in greater P availability in Mg-enriched biochars. Thus, a relatively low Mg enrichment can be an approach for designing and optimize biochar as a P fertilizer from P-rich excreta, with the potential to improve P availability and contribute to the sustainable use of organic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline do Amaral Leite
- Federal University of Lavras/UFLA - Soil Science Dept., 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil; Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo Melo
- Federal University of Lavras/UFLA - Soil Science Dept., 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil; Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | | | - Lucia Zuin
- Canadian Light Source/CLS - Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Don Werder
- Cornell Center for Materials Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Itamar Shabtai
- Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, The Connecticut Agricultural. Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA; Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA; Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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de Souza Cardoso AA, Nunes APP, Batista ÉR, Nataren LDCH, Nunes MFPN, Gomes FTDL, Leite ADA, Guilherme LRG, Faquin V, Silva MLDS. Sulfate supply decreases barium availability, uptake, and toxicity in lettuce plants grown in a tropical Ba-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:53938-53947. [PMID: 36869946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Barium (Ba) is a non-essential element that can cause toxicity in living organisms and environmental contamination. Plants absorb barium predominantly in its divalent cationic form Ba2+. Sulfur (S) can decrease the availability of Ba2+ in the soil by causing its precipitation as barium sulfate, a compound known for its very low solubility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil sulfate supply in soil Ba fractions, as well as on plant growth, and Ba and S uptake by lettuce plants grown in artificially Ba-contaminated soil under greenhouse conditions. The treatments consisted of five Ba doses (0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 mg kg-1 Ba, as barium chloride) combined with three S doses (0, 40, and 80 mg kg-1 S, as potassium sulfate). The treatments were applied to soil samples (2.5 kg) and placed in plastic pots for plant cultivation. The Ba fractions analyzed were extractable-Ba, organic matter-Ba, oxides associated-Ba, and residual-Ba. The results indicate that the extractable-Ba fraction was the main one responsible for Ba bioavailability and phytotoxicity, probably corresponding to the exchangeable Ba in the soil. The dose of 80 mg kg-1 of S reduced extractable-Ba by 30% at higher Ba doses while it increased the other fractions. Furthermore, S supply attenuated the growth inhibition in plants under Ba exposure. Thus, S supply protected the lettuce plants from Ba toxicity by reduction of Ba availability in soil and plant growth enhancement. The results suggest that sulfate supply is a suitable strategy for managing Ba-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Paula Pereira Nunes
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras (ESAL-UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Éder Rodrigues Batista
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras (ESAL-UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Aline do Amaral Leite
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras (ESAL-UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | - Valdemar Faquin
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras (ESAL-UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
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Lustosa Filho JF, Carneiro JSDS, Barbosa CF, de Lima KP, Leite ADA, Melo LCA. Aging of biochar-based fertilizers in soil: Effects on phosphorus pools and availability to Urochloa brizantha grass. Sci Total Environ 2020; 709:136028. [PMID: 31905590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble phosphate fertilizers release phosphorus (P) to soils promptly, causing P fixation and low plant availability in highly weathered tropical soils. Therefore, the development of strategies to improve P use efficiency is needed. We hypothesized that biochar-based fertilizers (BBFs) can provide available P to plants and improve P use efficiency when compared with soluble fertilizers. Thus, triple superphosphate (TSP) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) were pyrolyzed with and without magnesium oxide (MgO) and poultry litter to produce slow-release P BBFs. A pot experiment under greenhouse conditions was performed to evaluate agronomic efficiency of BBFs compared with TSP in an Oxisol. The treatments were incubated over 100 days after the application of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1 of P. Three controls were used, including 200 mg kg-1 of P as TSP incubated for 100 days (named TSPincubation) and applied immediately before sowing (named TSPplanting) and a negative control (without P). Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) was cultivated in pots for three cycles of 40 days each. After cultivation, a sequential extraction procedure was used to determine the P distribution among different P pools. The shoot dry matter yield in the first cropping cycle was higher at the highest P rate for TSPplanting. PLB-H3PO4-MgO showed 9% increase in the shoot dry matter when compared with TSPincubation in the first cropping cycle. In subsequent cropping cycles, all BBFs promoted higher biomass yield when compared with TSPplanting. There was an increase in the labile and moderately labile P fractions in soil after cultivation with PLB-TSP. The results suggest that BBFs can enhance P use efficiency in tropical soils in the middle- to long-term run due to slow-release profile that prevent P fixation and promote higher residual effect of fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kelly Pereira de Lima
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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