1
|
Johnson AE, Cornell A, Hermann S, Zhu F, Hoover K. Using community science to identify predators of spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), in North America. Bull Entomol Res 2023; 113:637-644. [PMID: 37614127 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is an invasive insect that was first detected in the United States in 2014 and feeds on a wide variety of plants, with economic impacts on the agricultural, ornamental, and timber industries. Part of what likely contributes to the success of L. delicatula in its invaded range is that it appears to be chemically defended by sequestering toxins from its host plant(s), which may deter predators in the introduced range. To determine the identity and behavior of North American predators that feed on spotted lanternfly, we performed a community science study in which we asked members of the public to contribute reports of animals feeding on spotted lanternfly through a Facebook page. The largest group of reported predators was arthropods followed by birds. Araneae was the arthropod order with the most reports and Phasianidae was the most frequently reported bird family. Using Pearson's χ2 tests, we also identified significant relationships between predator behavior and (1) taxonomic group of the predator, (2) L. delicatula life stage, and (3) host plant L. delicatula was observed on. These results can help to guide future research on predator host shifting to spotted lanternfly and potential for biocontrol as a management tactic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Johnson
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Alison Cornell
- Division of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Altoona, PA 16601
| | - Sara Hermann
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Kelli Hoover
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cornell A, Melo M, Zimmerman C, Therrien JF. Nestling Physiology Is Independent of Somatic Development in a Common Raptor, the American Kestrel ( Falco sparverius). Physiol Biochem Zool 2021; 94:99-109. [PMID: 33464188 DOI: 10.1086/712816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough many studies have documented the developmental trajectory of somatic traits in birds, few measure physiological traits, and even fewer document individual variation in developmental trajectory across ecological context. Hematological traits underlying aerobic capacity can be predictive of nestling survival, fledgling flight ability, and ultimately recruitment. This study aimed to assess individual variation in the developmental trajectory of two physiological traits that underlie aerobic capacity, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration, in relation to somatic development and ecological context. Our study species, the American kestrel (Falco sparverius), is sexually dimorphic and therefore likely to show sexual variation in developmental trajectory and nestling maturity. We used lay date, year, brood size, nestling sex ratio, and parental nest visit rate to assess ecological context. Although somatic traits showed similar trajectories across nestlings, developmental trajectory for hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration showed individual variation not previously documented. This individual variation in developmental change, or trajectory, for physiological traits could not be explained by somatic development, sex, parental nest visit rate, lay date, year, brood size, or nestling sex ratio. However, we did find higher final hemoglobin concentration in 2018 and in nests with earlier lay dates. These findings demonstrate the importance of assessing physiological traits that capture aspects of individual quality distinct from somatic traits. Future studies are needed to understand the causes of individual variation in developmental trajectory, which cannot be explained by the ecological variables presented here, and the potential fitness consequences of this variation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Williams T, Cornell A, Gillespie C, Hura A, Serota M. Effects of an introduced, novel prey on diet and reproduction in the diet-specialist European Starling ( Sturnus vulgaris). CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diet specialization has important consequences for how individuals or species deal with environmental change that causes changes in availability of prey species. We took advantage of a “natural experiment” — establishment of a commercial insect farm — that introduced a novel prey item, black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758)), to the diet-specialist European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758). We investigated evidence for individual diet specialization (IDS) and the consequences of diet specialization and exploitation of novel prey on breeding productivity. In all 4 years of our study, tipulid larvae were the most common prey item. Soldier flies were not recorded in diets in 2013–2014; however, coincident with the establishment of the commercial insect farming operation, they comprised 22% and 30% of all prey items in the diets of European Starling females and males, respectively, in 2015. There was marked individual variation in use of soldier flies (4%–48% and 2%–70% in females and males, respectively), but we found little evidence of dichotomous IDS, i.e., where only some individuals have a specialized diet. We found no evidence for negative effects of use of soldier flies on breeding productivity: brood size at fledging and chick quality (mass, tarsus length) were independent of the number and proportion (%) of soldier flies returned to the nest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T.D. Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - A. Cornell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - C. Gillespie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - A. Hura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - M. Serota
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bebelis S, Bouzek K, Cornell A, Ferreira M, Kelsall G, Lapicque F, Ponce de León C, Rodrigo M, Walsh F. Highlights during the development of electrochemical engineering. Chem Eng Res Des 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
5
|
Alexiadis A, Cornell A, Dudukovic M. Comparison between CFD calculations of the flow in a rotating disk cell and the Cochran/Levich equations. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Mainardi T, Cornell A, Acosta L, Goldstein I, Rundle A, Mellins R, Hoepner L, Perera F, Jacobson J, Miller R, Perzanowski M. Risks Factors for Exercise-Induced Wheeze Among Asthmatics in NYC Include Neighborhood Asthma Prevalence and Differ by Seroatopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
7
|
|
8
|
|
9
|
Brundage MD, Dixon PF, Mackillop WJ, Shelley WE, Hayter CR, Paszat LF, Youssef YM, Robins JM, McNamee A, Cornell A. A real-time audit of radiation therapy in a regional cancer center. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999; 43:115-24. [PMID: 9989522 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(98)00368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the development, structure, and implementation of a real-time clinical radiotherapy audit of the practice of radiation oncology in a regional cancer center. METHODS AND MATERIALS Radiotherapy treatment plans were audited by a real-time peer-review process over an 8-year period (1989-1996). The overall goal of the audit was to establish a process for quality assurance (QA) of radiotherapy planning and prescription for individual patients. A parallel process was developed to audit the implementation of intervention-specific radiotherapy treatment policies. RESULTS A total of 3052 treatment plans were audited. Of these, 124 (4.1%) were not approved by the audit due to apparent errors in radiation planning. The majority of the nonapproved plans (79%) were modified prior to initiating treatment; the audit provided important clinical feedback about individual patient care in these instances. Most of the remaining nonapproved plans were deviations from normal practice due to patient-specific considerations. A further 110 (3.6% of all audited plans) were not approved by the audit due to deviations from radiotherapy treatment policy. A minority of these plans (22%) were modified prior to initiating treatment and the remainder provided important feedback for continuous quality improvement of treatment policies. CONCLUSION A real-time audit of radiotherapy practice in a regional cancer center setting proved feasible and provided important direct and indirect patient benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Brundage
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Kingston Regional Cancer Center, Kingston General Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gendal ES, Keller RJ, Sicular A, Waye JD, Cornell A. Case 2. Primary leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum. Mt Sinai J Med 1984; 51:637-9. [PMID: 6333631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
11
|
Abstract
Urinary alkaline phosphatase has been measured and an investigation has been undertaken involving starch gel electrophoresis after treatment of the enzyme with antisera raised against various human tissues. Urine was obtained from patients with bone and liver disease as well as pregnant women and normal persons. The enzyme level in urine in disease and pregnancy was raised above the normal but considerable overlap occurred. After electrophoresis the most usual finding was a single zone of activity although occasionally very minor zones were also present. Antiserum to kidney had the greatest affinity for the urinary enzyme. Decreasing affinity was found with intestinal and placental antiserum. No affinity was found with liver antiserum.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wilk PJ, Cornell A, Haimov M. Perforated cystic leiomyoma of the ileum: report of a case. Mt Sinai J Med 1974; 41:549-52. [PMID: 4546465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
13
|
Mildvan D, Bottone E, Hirschman SZ, Cornell A. Septicemia caused by a microorganism of the genus Erwinia. Mt Sinai J Med 1971; 38:267-72. [PMID: 5314062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
14
|
Banks PA, Waye JD, Waitman AM, Cornell A. Mucosal diaphragm of the gastric antrum. Gastroenterology 1967; 52:1003-8. [PMID: 6026482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
|