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Senkevich K, Beletskaia M, Dworkind A, Yu E, Ahmad J, Ruskey JA, Asayesh F, Spiegelman D, Fahn S, Waters C, Monchi O, Dauvilliers Y, Dupré N, Greenbaum L, Hassin-Baer S, Nagornov I, Tyurin A, Miliukhina I, Timofeeva A, Emelyanov A, Trempe JF, Zakharova E, Alcalay RN, Pchelina S, Gan-Or Z. Association of Rare Variants in ARSA with Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1806-1812. [PMID: 37381728 PMCID: PMC10615669 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lysosomal genes are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the association between PD and ARSA remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To study rare ARSA variants in PD. METHODS To study rare ARSA variants (minor allele frequency < 0.01) in PD, we performed burden analyses in six independent cohorts with 5801 PD patients and 20,475 controls, followed by a meta-analysis. RESULTS We found evidence for associations between functional ARSA variants and PD in four cohorts (P ≤ 0.05 in each) and in the meta-analysis (P = 0.042). We also found an association between loss-of-function variants and PD in the United Kingdom Biobank cohort (P = 0.005) and in the meta-analysis (P = 0.049). These results should be interpreted with caution as no association survived multiple comparisons correction. Additionally, we describe two families with potential co-segregation of ARSA p.E382K and PD. CONCLUSIONS Rare functional and loss-of-function ARSA variants may be associated with PD. Further replications in large case-control/familial cohorts are required. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Senkevich
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
| | - Mariia Beletskaia
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aliza Dworkind
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Yu
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Ruskey
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
| | - Farnaz Asayesh
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stanley Fahn
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl Waters
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Division of Neurosciences, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Movement Disorders Institute, Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ilya Nagornov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Tyurin
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alla Timofeeva
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton Emelyanov
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jean-François Trempe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | | | - Roy N. Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
- Division of Movement Disorders, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sofya Pchelina
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Senkevich K, Beletskaia M, Dworkind A, Yu E, Ahmad J, Ruskey JA, Asayesh F, Spiegelman D, Fahn S, Waters C, Monchi O, Dauvilliers Y, Dupré N, Greenbaum L, Hassin-Baer S, Nagornov I, Tyurin A, Miliukhina I, Timofeeva A, Emelyanov A, Zakharova E, Alcalay RN, Pchelina S, Gan-Or Z. Association of rare variants in ARSA with Parkinson's disease. medRxiv 2023:2023.03.08.23286773. [PMID: 36993451 PMCID: PMC10055435 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.08.23286773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Several lysosomal genes are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the association between PD and ARSA , which encodes for the enzyme arylsulfatase A, remains controversial. Objectives To evaluate the association between rare ARSA variants and PD. Methods To study possible association of rare variants (minor allele frequency<0.01) in ARSA with PD, we performed burden analyses in six independent cohorts with a total of 5,801 PD patients and 20,475 controls, using optimized sequence Kernel association test (SKAT-O), followed by a meta-analysis. Results We found evidence for an association between functional ARSA variants and PD in four independent cohorts (P≤0.05 in each) and in the meta-analysis (P=0.042). We also found an association between loss-of-function variants and PD in the UKBB cohort (P=0.005) and in the meta-analysis (P=0.049). However, despite replicating in four independent cohorts, these results should be interpreted with caution as no association survived correction for multiple comparisons. Additionally, we describe two families with potential co-segregation of the ARSA variant p.E384K and PD. Conclusions Rare functional and loss-of-function ARSA variants may be associated with PD. Further replication in large case-control cohorts and in familial studies is required to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Senkevich
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
| | - Mariia Beletskaia
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aliza Dworkind
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Yu
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Ruskey
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
| | - Farnaz Asayesh
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stanley Fahn
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl Waters
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Guide-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Division of Neurosciences, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Movement Disorders Institute, Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ilya Nagornov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Tyurin
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alla Timofeeva
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton Emelyanov
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Roy N. Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, USA
- Division of Movement Disorders, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sofya Pchelina
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Senkevich K, Zorca CE, Dworkind A, Rudakou U, Somerville E, Yu E, Ermolaev A, Nikanorova D, Ahmad J, Ruskey JA, Asayesh F, Spiegelman D, Fahn S, Waters C, Monchi O, Dauvilliers Y, Dupré N, Greenbaum L, Hassin-Baer S, Grenn FP, Chiang MSR, Sardi SP, Vanderperre B, Blauwendraat C, Trempe JF, Fon EA, Durcan TM, Alcalay RN, Gan-Or Z. GALC variants affect galactosylceramidase enzymatic activity and risk of Parkinson’s disease. Brain 2022; 146:1859-1872. [PMID: 36370000 PMCID: PMC10151180 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The association between glucocerebrosidase (GCase), encoded by GBA, and Parkinson’s disease highlights the role of the lysosome in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson’s disease have revealed multiple associated loci, including the GALC locus on chromosome 14. GALC encodes the lysosomal enzyme galactosylceramidase (GalCase), which plays a pivotal role in the glycosphingolipid metabolism pathway. It is still unclear whether GALC is the gene driving the association in the chromosome 14 locus, and if so, by which mechanism.
We first aimed to examine whether variants in the GALC locus and across the genome are associated with GalCase activity. We performed a GWAS in two independent cohorts from a)Columbia University and b)the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative study, followed by a meta-analysis with a total of 976 Parkinson’s disease patients and 478 controls with available data on GalCase activity. We further analyzed the effects of common GALC variants on expression and GalCase activity using genomic colocalization methods. Mendelian randomization was used to study whether GalCase activity may be causal in Parkinson’s disease. To study the role of rare GALC variants we analyzed sequencing data from 5,028 Parkinson’s disease patients and 5,422 controls. Additionally, we studied the functional impact of GALC knock-out on alpha-synuclein accumulation and on GCase activity in neuronal cell models and performed in silico structural analysis of common GALC variants associated with altered GalCase activity.
The top hit in Parkinson's disease GWAS in the GALC locus, rs979812, is associated with increased GalCase activity (b = 1.2; se = 0.06; p = 5.10E-95). No other variants outside the GALC locus were associated with GalCase activity. Colocalization analysis demonstrated that rs979812 was also associated with increased GalCase expression. Mendelian randomization suggested that increased GalCase activity may be causally associated with Parkinson’s disease (b = 0.025, se = 0.007, p = 0.0008). We did not find an association between rare GALC variants and Parkinson’s disease. GALC knockout using CRISPR-Cas9 did not lead to alpha-synuclein accumulation, further supporting that increased rather than reduced GalCase levels may be associated with Parkinson’s disease. The structural analysis demonstrated that the common variant p.I562T may lead to improper maturation of GalCase affecting its activity.
Our results nominate GALC as the gene associated with Parkinson’s disease in this locus and suggest that the association of variants in the GALC locus may be driven by their effect of increasing GalCase expression and activity. Whether altering GalCase activity could be considered as a therapeutic target should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Senkevich
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4 , Canada
| | - Cornelia E Zorca
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4 , Canada
| | - Aliza Dworkind
- Department of Physiology, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1 , Canada
| | - Uladzislau Rudakou
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1 , Canada
| | - Emma Somerville
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1 , Canada
| | - Eric Yu
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1 , Canada
| | - Alexey Ermolaev
- Center of Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy , Moscow, 127550 , Russia
- Bioinformatics Institute , Saint-Petersburg, 194100 , Russia
| | | | - Jamil Ahmad
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4 , Canada
| | - Jennifer A Ruskey
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4 , Canada
| | - Farnaz Asayesh
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1 , Canada
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4 , Canada
| | - Stanley Fahn
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center , 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032-3784 USA
| | - Cheryl Waters
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center , 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032-3784 USA
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Calgary , Alberta, T2N 1N4 , Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW Calgary , Alberta, T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep Unit, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier , Inserm U1061, Montpellier , France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec – Université Laval , Quebec City, G1V 4G2 , Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Québec, QC, G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer, 5265601 , Israel
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer, 52621 , Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, 69978 , Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, 69978 , Israel
- The Movement Disorders Institute, Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer, 52621 , Israel
| | - Francis P Grenn
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20814 , USA
| | - Ming Sum Ruby Chiang
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area , Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - S Pablo Sardi
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area , Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - Benoît Vanderperre
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal , Montréal, Québec, H2X 1Y4 , Canada
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20814 , USA
| | - Jean-François Trempe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3 , Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4 , Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4 , Canada
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center , 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032-3784 USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY 10032 , USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University , Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1 , Canada
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