1
|
Quiñones Vélez G, Carmona-Sarabia L, Rivera Raíces AA, Hu T, Peterson-Peguero EA, López-Mejías V. High affinity zoledronate-based metal complex nanocrystals to potentially treat osteolytic metastases. Mater Adv 2022; 3:3251-3266. [PMID: 35445197 PMCID: PMC8978309 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma01127h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Formation of several materials, denoted as bisphosphonate-based coordination complexes (BPCCs), resulted from the reaction between clinically employed bisphosphonate, zoledronate (ZOLE) and bioactive metals (M2+ = Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+). Six ZOLE-based BPCCs were synthesized using different variables (M2+ : ZOLE molar ratio, temperature, pH, and anion) and their structures were elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction (ZOLE-Ca forms I and II, ZOLE-Mg forms I and II, and ZOLE-Zn forms I and II). The dissolution of the ZOLE-based BPCCs was compared to that of ZOLE (Reclast®). Most of the ZOLE-based BPCCs (60-85%, in 18-24 h) present a lower dissolution and equilibrium solubility than ZOLE (∼100%, 30 min) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), while a significantly higher dissolution is observed in acidic media (88% in 1 h). This suggests the ability to release the ZOLE content in a pH-dependent manner. Moreover, a phase inversion temperature (PIT)-nano-emulsion synthesis was performed, which demonstrated the ability to significantly decrease the crystal size of ZOLE-Ca form II from a micron-range (∼200 μm) to a nano-range (∼150 d nm), resulting in nano-Ca@ZOLE. Furthermore, low aggregation of nano-Ca@ZOLE in 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) : PBS after 0, 24 and 48 h was demonstrated. Additionally, nano-Ca@ZOLE showed an ∼2.5x more binding to hydroxyapatite (HA, 36%) than ZOLE (15%) in 1 d. The cytotoxicity of nano-Ca@ZOLE against MDA-MB-231 (cancer cell model) and hFOB 1.19 (normal osteoblast-like cell model) cell lines was investigated. The results demonstrated significant cell growth inhibition for nano-Ca@ZOLE against MDA-MB-231, specifically at a low concentration of 3.8 μM (%RCL = 55 ± 1%, 72 h). Under the same conditions, the nanocrystals did not present cytotoxicity against hFOB 1.19 (%RCL = 100 ± 2%). These results evidence that nano-ZOLE-based BPCCs possess viable properties in terms of structure, dissolution, stability, binding, and cytotoxicity, which render them suitable for osteolytic metastasis therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Quiñones Vélez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras San Juan Puerto Rico 00931 USA
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico 00926 USA
| | - Lesly Carmona-Sarabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras San Juan Puerto Rico 00931 USA
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico 00926 USA
| | - Alondra A Rivera Raíces
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico 00926 USA
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras San Juan Puerto Rico 00931 USA
| | - Tony Hu
- Department of Chemistry and the Molecular Design Institute, New York University 100 Washington Square East New York New York 10003-6688 USA
| | | | - Vilmalí López-Mejías
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras San Juan Puerto Rico 00931 USA
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico 00926 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Quiñones Vélez G, Carmona-Sarabia L, Rodríguez-Silva WA, Rivera Raíces AA, Feliciano Cruz L, Hu T, Peterson E, López-Mejías V. Potentiating bisphosphonate-based coordination complexes to treat osteolytic metastases. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:2155-2168. [PMID: 32095795 PMCID: PMC7106950 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01857c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The hydrothermal reaction between bioactive metal (Ca2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+) salts and a clinically utilized bisphosphonate, alendronate (ALEN), promotes the formation of several materials denominated as bisphosphonate-based coordination complexes (BPCCs). The systematic exploration of the effect of three variables, M2+/ALEN molar ratio, temperature, and pH, on the reaction yielded an unprecedented number of materials of enough crystal quality for structural elucidation. Five crystal structures were unveiled by single crystal X-ray diffraction (ALEN-Ca forms I and II, ALEN-Zn forms I and II, and ALEN-Mg) and their solid-state properties revealed in tandem with other techniques. The dissolution of these BPCCs was tested and contrasted to that of the commercially employed generic form of Fosamax® Alendronate Sodium, using fasted-state simulated gastric fluid and phosphate-buffered saline solution. Quantification of ALEN content was performed by derivatization with Cu2+, which produced a soluble complex suitable for quantification. The results show that these materials present a pH-dependent degradation. Moreover, a phase inversion temperature (PIT) nano-emulsion method was applied to the synthesis of ALEN-Ca form II. Size distribution analysis demonstrated the efficiency of the PIT-nano-emulsion method to decrease the particle size of this BPCC from ∼60 μm to ∼438 d nm. The cytotoxicity of ALEN, ALEN-Ca form II (bulk crystals), and nano-Ca@ALEN (nanocrystals) against the MDA-MB-231 cell line was investigated. Nano-Ca@ALEN form II presents higher cytotoxicity effects than ALEN and ALEN-Ca form II (bulk crystals), showing inhibition of cell proliferation at 7.5 μM. These results provide evidence of the structure, stability, dissolution and cytotoxicity properties of ALEN-based BPCCs and pave the way for better formulation strategies for this drug through the design of nano-sized BPCCs for the treatment of bone-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Quiñones Vélez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA. and Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, USA
| | - Lesly Carmona-Sarabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA. and Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, USA
| | - Waldemar A Rodríguez-Silva
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, USA and Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA
| | - Alondra A Rivera Raíces
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, USA and Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA
| | - Lorraine Feliciano Cruz
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, USA and Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA
| | - Tony Hu
- Department of Chemistry and the Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003-6688, USA
| | - Esther Peterson
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA
| | - Vilmalí López-Mejías
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA. and Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, USA
| |
Collapse
|