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Jain S, Sägesser T, Hrmo P, Torkzaban C, Stadler M, Oswald R, Axline C, Bautista-Salvador A, Ospelkaus C, Kienzler D, Home J. Penning micro-trap for quantum computing. Nature 2024; 627:510-514. [PMID: 38480890 PMCID: PMC10954548 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Trapped ions in radio-frequency traps are among the leading approaches for realizing quantum computers, because of high-fidelity quantum gates and long coherence times1-3. However, the use of radio-frequencies presents several challenges to scaling, including requiring compatibility of chips with high voltages4, managing power dissipation5 and restricting transport and placement of ions6. Here we realize a micro-fabricated Penning ion trap that removes these restrictions by replacing the radio-frequency field with a 3 T magnetic field. We demonstrate full quantum control of an ion in this setting, as well as the ability to transport the ion arbitrarily in the trapping plane above the chip. This unique feature of the Penning micro-trap approach opens up a modification of the quantum charge-coupled device architecture with improved connectivity and flexibility, facilitating the realization of large-scale trapped-ion quantum computing, quantum simulation and quantum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyans Jain
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tobias Sägesser
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Hrmo
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Stadler
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robin Oswald
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chris Axline
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amado Bautista-Salvador
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Ospelkaus
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Kienzler
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Home
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Dubielzig T, Halama S, Hahn H, Zarantonello G, Niemann M, Bautista-Salvador A, Ospelkaus C. Ultra-low-vibration closed-cycle cryogenic surface-electrode ion trap apparatus. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:043201. [PMID: 34243401 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe the design, commissioning, and operation of an ultra-low-vibration closed-cycle cryogenic ion trap apparatus. One hundred lines for low-frequency signals and eight microwave/radio frequency coaxial feed-lines offer the possibility of implementing a small-scale ion-trap quantum processor or simulator. With all supply cables attached, more than 1.3 W of cooling power at 5 K is still available for absorbing energy from electrical pulses introduced to control ions. The trap itself is isolated from vibrations induced by the cold head using a helium exchange gas interface. The performance of the vibration isolation system has been characterized using a Michelson interferometer, finding residual vibration amplitudes on the order of 10 nm rms. Trapping of 9Be+ ions has been demonstrated using a combination of laser ablation and photoionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dubielzig
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Halama
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Hahn
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Zarantonello
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Niemann
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Bautista-Salvador
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Ospelkaus
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Zarantonello G, Hahn H, Morgner J, Schulte M, Bautista-Salvador A, Werner RF, Hammerer K, Ospelkaus C. Robust and Resource-Efficient Microwave Near-Field Entangling ^{9}Be^{+} Gate. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:260503. [PMID: 31951443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.260503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microwave trapped-ion quantum logic gates avoid spontaneous emission as a fundamental source of decoherence. However, microwave two-qubit gates are still slower than laser-induced gates and hence more sensitive to fluctuations and noise of the motional mode frequency. We propose and implement amplitude-shaped gate drives to obtain resilience to such frequency changes without increasing the pulse energy per gate operation. We demonstrate the resilience by noise injection during a two-qubit entangling gate with ^{9}Be^{+} ion qubits. In the absence of injected noise, amplitude modulation gives an operation infidelity in the 10^{-3} range.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zarantonello
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - H Hahn
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Morgner
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Schulte
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Bautista-Salvador
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratorium für Nano- und Quantenengineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R F Werner
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Hammerer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Ospelkaus
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratorium für Nano- und Quantenengineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Leopold T, King SA, Micke P, Bautista-Salvador A, Heip JC, Ospelkaus C, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Schmidt PO. A cryogenic radio-frequency ion trap for quantum logic spectroscopy of highly charged ions. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:073201. [PMID: 31370455 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A cryogenic radio-frequency ion trap system designed for quantum logic spectroscopy of highly charged ions (HCI) is presented. It includes a segmented linear Paul trap, an in-vacuum imaging lens, and a helical resonator. We demonstrate ground state cooling of all three modes of motion of a single 9Be+ ion and determine their heating rates as well as excess axial micromotion. The trap shows one of the lowest levels of electric field noise published to date. We investigate the magnetic-field noise suppression in cryogenic shields made from segmented copper, the resulting magnetic field stability at the ion position and the resulting coherence time. Using this trap in conjunction with an electron beam ion trap and a deceleration beamline, we have been able to trap single highly charged Ar13+ (Ar XIV) ions concurrently with single Be+ ions, a key prerequisite for the first quantum logic spectroscopy of a HCI. This major stepping stone allows us to push highly-charged-ion spectroscopic precision from the gigahertz to the hertz level and below.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Leopold
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S A King
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P Micke
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A Bautista-Salvador
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J C Heip
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Ospelkaus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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