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Albani GFAA, Abdelgadir WI, Mohamed AAA, Yousif M, Mustafa AMA, Almkiy EAA, Mohammed KZM, Mohamed EAS, Alghamdi FAA, Ahmed RG, Hakami MSA, Dinar NA, Alsulami A, Mudawi AIA, Ahmed WAM. The Effect of an Education Program on School Children Oral Health in Khartoum, Sudan. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1065-1077. [PMID: 38496325 PMCID: PMC10944246 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s446487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oral health education programs have long been considered an essential part of oral health policies. This is important for reducing the risk of oral diseases through health enhancement and voluntary behavioral changes due to learning opportunities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of school-based oral health education program on oral health in school children in Sudan. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted at four governmental schools in Khartoum, Sudan, between August 2018, and March 2022. A total of 423 school children were randomly allocated into the control (n = 211) and study (n = 212) groups. An adapted questionnaire was administered to students before and after the intervention to assess their knowledge and practice of oral health. The study group participated in oral health education activities. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21. Results The findings revealed that the mean knowledge at the pre-educational program was 9.3066 (SD = 3.91078) and the mean knowledge after the educational program was 21.2736 (SD = 2.13982). The scores indicated that the school children had significantly higher knowledge and practice scores after the oral health education program. Conclusion The study concluded that education program on oral health improved students' oral health knowledge and practices. Imposing theoretical and practical lessons on oral and dental health in school curricula can motivate students to maintain oral health care, and this improves oral health status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Widad Ibrahim Abdelgadir
- Department of Community Health Nursing & Mental Nursing Sciences College of Nursing,Taif university, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Nursing Sciences Bahri University, Sudan
| | | | - Magda Yousif
- Nursing Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Egbal Abbashar Algmair Almkiy
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah College, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Nursing Sciences, Alneelain University, Sudan
| | - Khadiga Z M Mohammed
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing Sciences College of Nursing,Taif university, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Nursing Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman Ahmed Saad Mohamed
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah College, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Raga Gasim Ahmed
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Niemat A Dinar
- Faculty of Nursing, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alsulami
- Department of Community Health Nursing & Mental Nursing Sciences College of Nursing,Taif university, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Waled A M Ahmed
- Faculty of Nursing, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Elfaki NK, Alzahrani MJ, Abdalla YHA, Adeh AI, Osman Abdalla AMA, Alkhadher MA, Elrefaey SR, Abdelmagid WHH, Alshameri F, Jarelnape AA, Hakami MSA, Alghamdi FAA, Elhaj YHA, Dinar NMAA, Mohamed AAA, Abdulrahman EEH, Mohamed DHM, Sagiron EI, Ali MHM, Ahmed WAM. Perceived Social Stigma of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Hubuna, Saudi Arabia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:867-876. [PMID: 38434481 PMCID: PMC10909324 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s454135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne skin infection that remains prevalent in regions with poor socioeconomic conditions. Stigmatization occurs when individuals with physical or psychological disorders interact with societal stereotypes. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived social stigma surrounding CL among people residing in Hubuna, Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional community-based survey recruited 618 individuals aged 18 years and above using the snowball sampling technique to reach hidden cases within the target population. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue for Perceived Social Stigma (EMIC-SS-12) was used to assess the level of perceived social stigma. It includes questions on demographic variables, behaviors, and experiences. The analysis was performed using SPSS. Results The study included 618 participants, the majority of whom were women and girls (54.2%), with a mean age of 28 ± 12.7 years. The median score for perceived social stigma was 26.0. Only 2.1% (n = 13) of participants had the highest EMIC-SS-12 score of 36, while 7.6% (n = 47) scored zero. The mean score for overall perceived social stigma was 1.89 ± 0.91, while the mean score for experienced stigma was 1.99 ± 1.02. Univariate analysis showed that sex, employment, location of lesions, and number of lesions were insignificantly associated with stigmatization (P-value < 0.05), because these associations were uncertain because the CI includes or very close to 1. Conclusion The study reveals insights into stigmatization associated with CL in the Habuna area of Saudi Arabia. It found that the median of perceived social stigma was 26. Factors such as sex, employment status, and location of the lesion are uncertainly associated with stigma. It is crucial to explore negative behaviors and perceptions and develop suitable health education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid K Elfaki
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yahya Hussein Ahmed Abdalla
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah I Adeh
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mugahed A Alkhadher
- Medical- Surgical Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah R Elrefaey
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faroq Alshameri
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Nursing, Alrayan Colleges, Almadina, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Yagoub Hamadt Allah Elhaj
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Elwaleed Idris Sagiron
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Hamed Mohamed Ali
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushait Aseer, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waled A M Ahmed
- Faculty of Nursing, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Al-Buhairi JOA, Mohamed AAA, Ahmed WA. Health-related risks of nursing practice at paediatric hospitals, Khartoum, Sudan. Sudan J Paediatr 2023; 23:13-20. [PMID: 37663102 PMCID: PMC10468633 DOI: 10.24911/sjp.106-1647513845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
In addition the nature of nurses working environment, duties and responsibilities, nurses are facing numerous health hazards while working at hospitals. This study aimed to identify the health-related risks of nursing practice at Ahmed Gasim Hospital and Gafaar Ibnauf Children's Hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at two governmental paediatric hospitals in Khartoum, from August to December 2017, in which 74 nurses were selected by convenience sampling to participate. The data was collected by a validated questionnaire and analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25. About 65% of nurses reported that they had high level of awareness of health risks they were exposed to on their job while 75.7% indicated that the major factors contributing to health risks in the hospitals were working pressure and poor working environment. Low back pain was found to be the most common health-related risks (77%) that might result from the extreme pressure at work (75.7%). Gender and years of experience had statistically significant association with health hazards among nurses (0.042 and 0.047, respectively). The study concluded that the majority of nurses have high awareness of health-related risks. The reported problems were low back pain which was found to be the most common health-related risk that might result from the extreme pressure at work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Waled Am Ahmed
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
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4
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El-Sherbiny YM, Psarras A, Md Yusof MY, Hensor EMA, Tooze R, Doody G, Mohamed AAA, McGonagle D, Wittmann M, Emery P, Vital EM. Publisher Correction: A novel two-score system for interferon status segregates autoimmune diseases and correlates with clinical features. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14846. [PMID: 30275491 PMCID: PMC6167356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y M El-Sherbiny
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Psarras
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M Y Md Yusof
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - E M A Hensor
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R Tooze
- Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G Doody
- Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A A A Mohamed
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D McGonagle
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M Wittmann
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P Emery
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - E M Vital
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK. .,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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5
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El-Sherbiny YM, Psarras A, Md Yusof MY, Hensor EMA, Tooze R, Doody G, Mohamed AAA, McGonagle D, Wittmann M, Emery P, Vital EM. A novel two-score system for interferon status segregates autoimmune diseases and correlates with clinical features. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5793. [PMID: 29643425 PMCID: PMC5895784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of type I interferon (IFN-I) has potential to diagnose and stratify autoimmune diseases, but existing results have been inconsistent. Interferon-stimulated-gene (ISG) based methods may be affected by the modularity of the ISG transcriptome, cell-specific expression, response to IFN-subtypes and bimodality of expression. We developed and clinically validated a 2-score system (IFN-Score-A and -B) using Factor Analysis of 31 ISGs measured by TaqMan selected from 3-IFN-annotated modules. We evaluated these scores using in-vitro IFN stimulation as well as in sorted cells then clinically validated in a cohort of 328 autoimmune disease patients and healthy controls. ISGs varied in response to IFN-subtypes and both scores varied between cell subsets. IFN-Score-A differentiated Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) from both Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Healthy Controls (HC) (both p < 0.001), while IFN-Score-B differentiated SLE and RA from HC (both p < 0.001). In SLE, both scores were associated with cutaneous and hematological (all p < 0.05) but not musculoskeletal disease activity. Comparing with bimodal (IFN-high/low) classification, significant differences in IFN-scores were found between diagnostic groups within the IFN-high group. Our continuous 2-score system is more clinically relevant than a simple bimodal classification of IFN status. This system should allow improvement in diagnosis, stratification, and therapy in IFN-mediated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M El-Sherbiny
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Psarras
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M Y Md Yusof
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - E M A Hensor
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R Tooze
- Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G Doody
- Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A A A Mohamed
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D McGonagle
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M Wittmann
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P Emery
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - E M Vital
- National Institute of Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Gheita TA, Abaza NM, Hammam N, Mohamed AAA, El-Gazzar II, Eissa AH. Anti-dsDNA titre in female systemic lupus erythematosus patients: relation to disease manifestations, damage and antiphospholipid antibodies. Lupus 2018; 27:1081-1087. [PMID: 29460701 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318760209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Attempts are ongoing to unveil unresolved queries about anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA), their precise pathogenic effects and to what extent blocking them would be a useful therapeutic goal. Objectives The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-dsDNA antibodies titre in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and investigate their relation to the disease characteristics, activity, damage and antiphospholipid autoantibodies (aPL). Methods Seventy female SLE patients and 35 age- and sex-matched controls were included. The anti-dsDNA level and aPL were measured. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SLICC/ACR-DI) were assessed. Results The mean age of the patients was 27.5 ± 5.1 years, disease duration 7.7 ± 5.4 years, and SLEDAI and SLICC/ACR-DI scores were 6.8 ± 8.04 and 1.2 ± 1.3, respectively. Anti-dsDNA was positive in 61.4% of the patients and the titre (133.2 ± 100.5 IU/ml) was significantly higher compared to controls (22.03 ± 17.2 IU/ml) ( p < 0.0001). The anti-dsDNA level was significantly increased in those with musculoskeletal manifestations ( p = 0.007) and positive anti-β2 glycoprotein (anti-β2GP) ( p = 0.037) and decreased in those with neuropsychiatric manifestations ( p = 0.004) and those receiving cyclophosphamide (CYC) ( p = 0.013). The anti-dsDNA level tended to be higher in active patients. The anti-dsDNA titre significantly correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( p = 0.001), anticardiolipin IgG and IgA antibodies ( p = 0.008) and anti-β2GP IgG ( p = 0.03) and IgA ( p = 0.002) and inversely with the total leucocytic count ( p < 0.0001) and SLICC/ACR-DI ( p = 0.001). Conclusion Anti-dsDNA is remarkably increased in SLE patients especially those with musculoskeletal manifestations and aPL. A protective role seems likely in those with neuropsychiatric manifestations and those receiving CYC and may form a shield against disease tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Gheita
- 1 Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N M Abaza
- 2 Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Hammam
- 3 Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt.,4 Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A A A Mohamed
- 3 Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - I I El-Gazzar
- 1 Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A H Eissa
- 5 Clinical Pathology (Immunology) Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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