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Arnold SRC, Huang Y, Lawson LP, Higgins JM, Hwang YI(J, Richdale A, Trollor JN. Development of the Impact of Diagnosis Scale-Revised (IODS-R). Assessment 2024; 31:908-919. [PMID: 37700577 PMCID: PMC11092292 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231196486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
No tools quantify the experience, psychological, and practical impact of receiving a diagnosis from a non-deficit perspective. Autism is increasingly late diagnosed in adulthood. The Impact of Diagnosis Scale (IODS) was initially developed for borderline personality disorder. We aimed to develop a revised version suitable for autistic adults and potentially other diagnostic groups. Following a trial of a preliminary revision, the researchers and autistic research advisors co-produced an expanded pool of 46 items, scored on 7-point Likert-type scale, within 6 hypothesized domains. Scale reduction processes were applied to data from 125 formally diagnosed autistic adults. Following iterative rounds of factor analysis using maximum likelihood estimation with Promax rotation, 22 items were retained across 4 domains to comprise the IODS-R. The IODS-R adds new understanding to the experience of receiving an autism diagnosis in adulthood. It may be useful for evaluating diagnostic services and other diagnostic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. C. Arnold
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Bankstown, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yunhe Huang
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren P. Lawson
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julianne M. Higgins
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ye In (Jane) Hwang
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amanda Richdale
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Shui AM, Lampinen LA, Richdale A, Katz T. Predicting future sleep problems in young autistic children. Autism 2023; 27:2063-2085. [PMID: 36755236 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231152963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Sleep problems are common in autistic children and negatively impact daytime functioning. A method for predicting sleep problems could help with treatment and prevention of such problems. This study aimed to determine predictors of sleep problems among young autistic children. Study participants consisted of autistic children aged 2-5 years who did not have sleep problems at a first visit (Autism Treatment Network Registry) and had sleep data available at a subsequent visit (Registry Call-Back Assessment study). Sleep problems for five study cohorts of children were defined by different methods, including parent questionnaires and parent- or clinician-report of sleep problems. We found that self-injurious behavior, sensory issues, dental problems, and lower primary caregiver education level were significant risk factors of future sleep problems. These predictors may help clinicians provide prevention or earlier treatment for children who are at risk of developing sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Shui
- Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Terry Katz
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA
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Vivanti G, Hudry K, Trembath D, Barbaro J, Richdale A, Dissanayake C. Towards the DSM‐5 Criteria for Autism: Clinical, Cultural, and Research Implications. Australian Psychologist 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Vivanti
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University,
| | - Kristelle Hudry
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University,
| | - David Trembath
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University,
| | - Josephine Barbaro
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University,
| | - Amanda Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University,
| | - Cheryl Dissanayake
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University,
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Abstract
The study examined the association between autism traits and parenting when raising a typically developing (TD) child, and differences in parenting needs between parents with high and low traits. Fifty-eight parents with a blood relative with Autism (who happened to be an offspring with ASD in all cases) and a TD child completed the Autism Quotient, demographic and psychological information, as well as reporting on Parenting Sense of Competence, the Parent-Child Relationship, and Parenting Needs. Autism traits did not uniquely contribute to parenting self-esteem, but were associated with parenting difficulties for their TD child, and some aspects of this parent-child relationship. Parents with high autism traits reported more parenting difficulties than parents with low traits. The study identified specific aspects of parenting needing support to assist parents with high autism traits prosper in their parenting role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Dissanayake
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, 1 Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Amanda Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, 1 Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Natasha Kolivas
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, 1 Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Lindsay Pamment
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, 1 Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
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Sahin E, Bury S, Flower R, Lawson L, Richdale A, Hedley D. Psychometric Evaluation of an Australian Version of the Vocational Index for Adults with Autism. Autism Adulthood 2020; 2:185-192. [PMID: 36601441 PMCID: PMC8992869 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2019.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Autistic individuals are underrepresented in employment and postsecondary education. Research is hampered by a lack of psychometrically valid instruments that can be used to assess the vocational activities of autistic people. This study examined the psychometric properties of an Australian modified version of the Vocational Index for Adults with Autism (M-VIAA), an assessment of vocational independence. Methods Participants were 105 autistic and 106 nonautistic young adults aged 17-26 years recruited from the longitudinal Study of Australian School Leavers with Autism. We examined psychometric properties of the M-VIAA by (1) comparing scores between autistic and nonautistic participants, (2) examining convergent validity with daily living skills, and (3) divergent validity with autistic traits. We explored change over time by comparing baseline and 24-month follow-up scores in autistic participants. Results We found vocational independence to be significantly higher in nonautistic participants compared with autistic participants. We did not find a significant relationship between daily living skills and the M-VIAA. There was a small but significant relationship between the M-VIAA and autistic traits. Scores on the M-VIAA remained stable over time for a subsample of autistic participants. Conclusions The present study provides preliminary support for the M-VIAA with some limitations. Support for construct validity was mixed with support for concurrent and discriminant, but not convergent validity. We suggest that the M-VIAA may not capture the full complexity of vocational challenges faced by autistic people. Future research should build on the structure of the VIAA while ensuring applicability across cultures and contexts, as well as ensuring the richness of vocational activities of autistic people is captured. Lay summary Why was this study done?: Despite the urgent need to improve employment and other vocational outcomes of autistic people, there are few instruments that measure the range of vocational independence demonstrated by these individuals. The Vocational Index for Adults with Autism (VIAA) is an instrument that identifies the common vocational activities that autistic people engage in following high school. There is a need, however, for researchers to examine the usefulness of the instrument and its applicability in countries outside the United States.What was the purpose of this study?: The goal of this study was to evaluate a modified version of the VIAA (M-VIAA) in a group of autistic people from Australia.What did the researchers do?: We examined responses to the M-VIAA in 211 autistic and nonautistic young adults. We compared the M-VIAA with participant's daily living skills and level of autistic traits, as well as any change in scores over time.What were the results of the study?: Vocational independence was higher in nonautistic participants than in autistic participants. Vocational independence was not related to daily living skills; however, it was related to autistic traits. Over 2 years, scores on the M-VIAA did not change a lot for the autistic participants.What do these findings add to what was already known?: Our study provides some initial support for the M-VIAA in a non-US-based population. However, we also identified that the instrument may not represent the full range of challenges nor the richness of vocational activities experienced by autistic individuals in postsecondary vocational settings.What are potential weaknesses in the study?: The M-VIAA provides limited information about the richness of postsecondary vocational and education activities that autistic individuals may be engaged in. Because few individuals reported having an intellectual disability, we are unable to say how our results might apply to these individuals. Because we modified the instrument for use in Australia, our results may not apply to different countries or to the original version of the instrument.How will these findings help autistic adults now or in the future?: Our study provides preliminary support for the Australian version of the VIAA but suggests that it could be improved to better reflect the richness and range of vocational challenges experienced by autistic people. Our findings therefore identify areas for improvement for assessing the vocational activities and independence of autistic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensu Sahin
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Bury
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Flower
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Indooroopilly, Australia.,Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lauren Lawson
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Indooroopilly, Australia
| | - Amanda Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Indooroopilly, Australia
| | - Darren Hedley
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Address correspondence to: Darren Hedley, PhD, Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia
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Hedley D, Uljarević M, Foley KR, Richdale A, Trollor J. Risk and protective factors underlying depression and suicidal ideation in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:648-657. [PMID: 29659141 DOI: 10.1002/da.22759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are at significantly increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior. Given that social difficulties in ASD often lead to social isolation, which can in turn increase the risk for depression, this study examined loneliness and social support as potential risk and protective factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation. METHOD The sample comprised 185 people (92 females) with ASD aged 14 to 80 years who were participating in a national survey. RESULTS Forty-nine percent of participants returned scores in the clinical range for depression and 36% reported recent suicidal ideation. Females, comprising almost 50% of the sample, returned higher depression scores than males, however no differences were identified between males and females in terms of suicidal ideation. Regression analyses revealed that loneliness, satisfaction with social support, and ASD traits predicted depression scores. Satisfaction with social support predicted suicidal ideation, however, it was no longer a significant predictor after the effects of depression were taken into account. Path analysis showed that ASD trait severity was independently related to depression, that the effect of number of social supports on depression was mediated by loneliness and satisfaction with social support, and that effects of loneliness and satisfaction with social support on suicidal ideation were mediated by depression. The pattern of relationships was nearly identical for males and females. CONCLUSIONS This study supports a model whereby loneliness and social support operate respectively as protective and risk factors for depression and suicidal ideation in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Hedley
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mirko Uljarević
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Stanford Autism Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kitty-Rose Foley
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Developmental Disability, Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Julian Trollor
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Developmental Disability, Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Whitehouse AJO, Granich J, Alvares G, Busacca M, Cooper MN, Dass A, Duong T, Harper R, Marshall W, Richdale A, Rodwell T, Trembath D, Vellanki P, Moore DW, Anderson A. A randomised controlled trial of an iPad-based application to complement early behavioural intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:1042-1052. [PMID: 28543302 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology-based interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have proliferated, but few have been evaluated within the context of a randomised controlled trial (RCT). This RCT evaluated the efficacy of one technology-based early intervention programme (Therapy Outcomes By You; TOBY) in young children with ASD. METHODS TOBY is an app-based learning curriculum designed for children and parents as a complement to early behavioural intervention. Eighty children (16 female) were recruited to this RCT within 12 months of receiving a diagnosis of ASD (M age = 3.38; SD = 0.69) and randomised to receive either treatment-as-usual (community-based intervention, n = 39) or the TOBY therapy (at least 20 min/day) plus treatment-as-usual (n = 41) for a period of 6 months. Outcomes were assessed at 3 and 6 months postbaseline. (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12614000738628; www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=365463). RESULTS Children in the TOBY intervention group averaged 19 min/day engaging with the app in the first 3 months, but only 2 min/day during the second 3 months. There was no group difference in scores on the primary outcome, the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist, at either the 3- or 6-month follow-up. However, significant improvements at the 6-month follow-up were observed in the TOBY intervention group relative to the treatment-as-usual group on three secondary outcomes: the Fine Motor and Visual Reception subscales of the Mullen Scale of Early Learning and the Total Words Understood scale of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Index. Statistical trends towards improvement in the TOBY intervention group were observed on measures of adaptive function, although these decreased in magnitude from the 3- to 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that technology-based interventions may provide a relatively low-cost addition to existing therapist-delivered interventions for children with ASD. However, sustained use of the app over the full 6-month period was a challenge for most families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Granich
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gail Alvares
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Margherita Busacca
- Krongold Centre, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Matthew N Cooper
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alena Dass
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Thi Duong
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - Rajes Harper
- Krongold Centre, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Amanda Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - David Trembath
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Pratibha Vellanki
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - Dennis W Moore
- Krongold Centre, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Angelika Anderson
- Krongold Centre, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Abstract
To improve employment outcomes for adults with autism spectrum disorder, it is necessary to identify factors associated with successful transition to work from the perspectives of the individual and from those who work with or support them. This study involved focus groups with adults with autism spectrum disorder ( n = 9) participating in a 3-year employment and training programme, as well as focus groups with family members ( n = 6), support staff ( n = 7) and co-workers ( n = 6). The aim was to gain better understanding of the experience of transition to work, barriers and also the factors that promote workplace success. Main themes included factors that facilitated success at work ( Enablers), barriers to success ( Challenges) and programme outcomes ( Outcomes). Organisation support, advice from co-workers, supportive leadership, allowance of environmental modifications and presence of a consultant were identified as enablers that most facilitated success at work. Challenges included task-related difficulties, individual factors, social difficulties and distractibility, not managing work-related stress, and being perceived to be too frank. Outcomes were rated as positive and encompassed work-related outcomes, as well as outcomes related to sense of purpose, achieving personal independence and improvements in social relationships, both with work colleagues and within families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Hedley
- 1 Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Ru Cai
- 1 Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia.,2 Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
| | - Mirko Uljarevic
- 1 Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia.,2 Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
| | - Mathilda Wilmot
- 1 Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Spoor
- 3 Department of Management and Marketing, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Amanda Richdale
- 1 Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia.,2 Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
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Granich J, Dass A, Busacca M, Moore D, Anderson A, Venkatesh S, Duong T, Vellanki P, Richdale A, Trembath D, Cairns D, Marshall W, Rodwell T, Rayner M, Whitehouse AJO. Randomised controlled trial of an iPad based early intervention for autism: TOBY playpad study protocol. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:167. [PMID: 27760533 PMCID: PMC5069784 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for early intensive behavioural interventions (EIBI) by therapists as an effective treatment for children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is growing. High-intensity and sustained delivery of quality EIBI is expensive. The TOBY (Therapy Outcomes by You) Playpad is an App-based platform delivering EIBI to facilitate learning for young children with ASD, while enabling parents to become co-therapists. Intervention targets include increasing joint attention, imitation and communication of children with ASD. The primary aim of the study presented in this protocol is to determine the effectiveness of the TOBY App in reducing ASD symptoms when used as a complement to conventional EIBI. The secondary aim is to examine parental attributes as a result of TOBY App use. METHODS AND DESIGN Children aged less than 4;3 years diagnosed with ASD and parents will be recruited into this single-blind, randomised controlled trial using a pragmatic approach. Eligible participants will be randomised to the treatment group 'TOBY therapy + therapy as usual' or, the control group 'therapy as usual' for six months. The treatment will be provided by the TOBY App and parent where a combination of learning environments such as on-iPad child only (solo), partner (with parent) and off-iPad - Natural Environment (with parent) Tasks will be implemented. Parents in the treatment group will participate in a TOBY training workshop. Treatment fidelity will be monitored via an App-based reporting system and parent diaries. The primary outcome measure is the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist. The secondary outcome measures involve diagnostics, functional and developmental assessments, including parent questionnaires at baseline (T0), three months (T1) and six months (T2). DISCUSSION This trial will determine the effectiveness of the TOBY App as a therapeutic complement to other early interventions children with ASD receive. The trial will also determine the feasibility of a parent delivered early intervention using the iPad as an educational platform, and assess the impact of the TOBY App on parents' self-efficacy and empowerment in an effort to reduce children's ASD symptoms. The outcomes of this trial may have EIBI services implications for newly diagnosed children with ASD and parents. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12614000738628 retrospectively registered on 1st of July, 2014. UTN: U1111-1158-6423.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Granich
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, 6008 WA Australia
| | - Alena Dass
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Margherita Busacca
- Krongold Centre, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dennis Moore
- Krongold Centre, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angelika Anderson
- Krongold Centre, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Svetha Venkatesh
- Centre for Pattern Recognition and Data Analytics (PRaDA), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Thi Duong
- Centre for Pattern Recognition and Data Analytics (PRaDA), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Pratibha Vellanki
- Centre for Pattern Recognition and Data Analytics (PRaDA), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Amanda Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - David Trembath
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Darin Cairns
- The Charles Street Clinic, North Perth, Australia
| | | | | | - Madeleine Rayner
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Hedley D, Uljarević M, Cameron L, Halder S, Richdale A, Dissanayake C. Employment programmes and interventions targeting adults with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Autism 2016; 21:929-941. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361316661855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder face significant challenges entering the workforce; yet research in this area is limited and the issues are poorly understood. In this systematic review, empirical peer-reviewed studies on employment programmes, interventions and employment-related outcomes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder over 18 years with and without intellectual disability were identified and evaluated. The review was prefaced by a summary of previous systematic reviews in the area. Web of Science, Medline, PsychINFO, ERIC and Scopus databases were systematically searched through to October 2015. From 32,829 records identified in the initial search, 10 review and 50 empirical articles, comprising N = 58,134 individuals with autism spectrum disorder, were included in the review. Selected articles were organised into the following themes: employment experiences, employment as a primary outcome, development of workplace skills, non-employment-related outcomes, assessment instruments, employer-focused and economic impact. Empirical studies were limited by poor participant characterisation, small sample size and/or a lack of randomisation and use of appropriate controls. Poor conceptualisation and measurement of outcomes significantly limited study quality and interpretation. Future research will require a multidisciplinary and multifaceted approach to explore employment outcomes on the individual, the family system, co-workers and the employer, along with the impact of individual differences on outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Hedley
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Mirko Uljarević
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
| | - Lauren Cameron
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
| | | | - Amanda Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
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Baker E, Richdale A, Short M, Gradisar M. An investigation of sleep patterns in adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder compared with typically developing adolescents. Dev Neurorehabil 2013; 16:155-65. [PMID: 23477662 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2013.765518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the sleep patterns and disturbances in a pure sample of adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD). METHOD Adolescents completed a sleep questionnaire battery and a 7 d sleep diary. Actigraphic data were collected from a sub-sample of participants (55%) with HFASD and all typically developing (TD) adolescents. RESULTS Adolescents with HFASD were three times more likely to report a sleep problem than their TD peers (46.2% vs. 14.8%). Adolescents with HFASD had decreased sleep efficiency (diary) (p = 0.04, η(2 )= 0.10), and more fatigue (p = 0.002, η(2 )= 0.18) compared with TD adolescents. While TD adolescents generally experienced one symptom of insomnia, adolescents with HFASD were likely to experience two or three symptoms of insomnia (p = 0.02, V = 0.36). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that adolescents with HFASD show a continuation of the maladaptive sleep patterns as seen in children with an autism spectrum disorder and these sleep disturbances are associated with increased daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Baker
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Gordon J, Gullone E, Little E, Matthews J, McGillivray J, Evans L, Richdale A. Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Research, Assessment and InterventionWendy Silverman and Philip Treffers (Eds.) (2001). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 402 pp. $125 (paperback) - The Effects of Parental Dysfunction on Children (2002)Robert J. McMahon & Ray DeV. Peters (Editors) (2002) New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 244 pp. $US65.00. Hardcover, ISBN 0-306-47252-X - Conduct Disorders in Childhood and AdolescenceJ. Hill and B. Maughan (Editors) (2001). New York: Cambridge University Press. 581 pp. $125.00 (paperback) - Raising Real People: Creating a Resilient Family (2nd ed.)Andrew Fuller (2002). Melbourne: ACER Press. 207 pp. $26.95 (paperback) - Clinical Behavior Therapy: Adults and ChildrenMichel Hersen (Editor) (2002). New York: John Wiley and Sons. 513 pp. $135.95 (hardback) - Comparative Treatments for Relationship DysfunctionF.M. Dattilio and L.J. Bevilacqua (Eds.) (2000). New York: Springer Publishing Company. 414 pp. $117.90 (hardcover) - A Clinical Guide to Sleep Disorders in Children and AdolescentsGregory Stores (1999). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. $99.00 (paperback). Behav change 2012. [DOI: 10.1375/bech.19.3.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Polimeni M, Richdale A, Francis A. The Impact of Children’s Sleep Problems on the Family and Behavioural Processes Related to their Development and Maintenance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.7790/ejap.v3i1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cotton S, Richdale A. Brief report: parental descriptions of sleep problems in children with autism, Down syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. Res Dev Disabil 2006; 27:151-61. [PMID: 15975763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Revised: 09/28/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Children with an intellectual disability (ID) are at high risk of developing sleep problems. The extent to which the prevalence and nature of sleep problems in these children is dependent on the disorder underlying their intellectual impairments remains unclear. This study examined and compared parental descriptions of sleep problems in children with autism (n = 37), Down syndrome (DS; n = 15), Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS; n = 29), presumed familial intellectual disability (FID; n = 29), and typically developing children (TD; n = 55) in order to determine any influences of disorder on sleep patterns. The prevalence of sleep problems in the disability groups was at least four times higher than for TD children. Sleep problems were more prevalent in autism than the other disorders. Settling difficulties and co-sleeping were more common in the children with autism, whereas sleep maintenance problems were common in autism, DS, and FID, and daytime napping and excessive daytime sleepiness differentiated the children with PWS. These findings are discussed in light of the specific disorders, and with respect to the impact that sleep problems can have on the child and his/her family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Cotton
- ORYGEN Youth Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Locked Bag 10 (35 Poplar Road), Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia.
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Abstract
There are few well-controlled, published evaluations of sleep interventions for children with developmental disabilities. This paper evaluates a parent training programme using behavioural principles to reduce sleep problems in children with autism or fragile X syndrome (FXS). Training included bedtime routines, reinforcement, effective instructions, partner support, and extinction (removing reinforcement to reduce a behaviour). Programme efficacy was demonstrated by using a multiple baseline across-participant design. Social validity was also assessed. Five children with autism and one with Asperger syndrome (four males, two females; mean age 5y 6mo; age range 3y 5mo to 7y 4mo) and their parents; and seven children with FXS (six males, one female; mean age 4y 9mo; age range ly 11mo to 9y 1mo) and their parents participated. Ten families completed intervention within the multiple baseline design. Most parents' goals were achieved and visual analysis of the sleep data indicated improvement. Settling problems, night waking, and co-sleeping were effectively reduced. The programme had high social validity and outcomes were clinically significant and maintained at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Weiskop
- Psychology and Disability Studies, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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Abstract
This article presents a case study which is part of a larger project on sleep problems in children with autism. The successful treatment of sleep problems (night settling, night waking, and co-sleeping) in a boy of 5 years 4 months with autism is described. The intervention was based on behavioural principles and involved the parents attending an individually-run parent training programme. The programme consisted of an interview, three weekly training sessions and a review session. The parents learned how to use a bedtime routine, reinforcement, effective instructions, partner support strategies and extinction procedures. Once the techniques were implemented, the child learned how to settle himself to bed and how to sleep alone for the entire night. For this child, the results of the sleep programme were clinically significant as measured by a scale of goal achievement, and were maintained at a 3 month and a 12 month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Weiskop
- RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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