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Pacifici N, Bolandparvaz A, Lewis JS. Stimuli-Responsive Biomaterials for Vaccines and Immunotherapeutic Applications. Adv Ther (Weinh) 2020; 3:2000129. [PMID: 32838028 PMCID: PMC7435355 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is the key target for vaccines and immunotherapeutic approaches aimed at blunting infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmunity, and implant rejection. However, systemwide immunomodulation is undesirable due to the severe side effects that typically accompany such strategies. In order to circumvent these undesired, harmful effects, scientists have turned to tailorable biomaterials that can achieve localized, potent release of immune-modulating agents. Specifically, "stimuli-responsive" biomaterials hold a strong promise for delivery of immunotherapeutic agents to the disease site or disease-relevant tissues with high spatial and temporal accuracy. This review provides an overview of stimuli-responsive biomaterials used for targeted immunomodulation. Stimuli-responsive or "environmentally responsive" materials are customized to specifically react to changes in pH, temperature, enzymes, redox environment, photo-stimulation, molecule-binding, magnetic fields, ultrasound-stimulation, and electric fields. Moreover, the latest generation of this class of materials incorporates elements that allow for response to multiple stimuli. These developments, and other stimuli-responsive materials that are on the horizon, are discussed in the context of controlling immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Pacifici
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Amir Bolandparvaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
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Bolandparvaz A, Vapniarsky N, Harriman R, Alvarez K, Saini J, Zang Z, Van De Water J, Lewis JS. Biodistribution and toxicity of epitope-functionalized dextran iron oxide nanoparticles in a pregnant murine model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1186-1202. [PMID: 32031743 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In pursuit of a preventive therapeutic for maternal autoantibody-related (MAR) autism, we assessed the toxicity, biodistribution, and clearance of a MAR specific peptide-functionalized dextran iron oxide nanoparticle system in pregnant murine dams. We previously synthesized ~15 nm citrate-coated dextran iron oxide nanoparticles (DIONPs), surface-modified with polyethylene glycol and MAR peptides to produce systems for nanoparticle-based autoantibody reception and entrapments (SNAREs). First, we investigated their immunogenicity and MAR lactate dehydrogenase B antibody uptake in murine serum in vitro. To assess biodistribution and toxicity, as well as systemic effects, we performed in vivo clinical and post mortem pathological evaluations. We observed minimal production of inflammatory cytokines-interleukin 10 (IL-10) and IL-12 following in vitro exposure of macrophages to SNAREs. We established the maximum tolerated dose of SNAREs to be 150 mg/kg at which deposition of iron was evident in the liver and lungs by histology and magnetic resonance imaging but no concurrent evidence of liver toxicity or lung infarction was detected. Further, SNAREs exhibited slower clearance from the maternal blood in pregnant dams compared to DIONPs based on serum total iron concentration. These findings demonstrated that the SNAREs have a prolonged presence in the blood and are safe for use in pregnant mice as evidenced by no associated organ damage, failure, inflammation, and fetal mortality. Determination of the MTD dose sets the basis for future studies investigating the efficacy of our nanoparticle formulation in a MAR autism mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bolandparvaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Natalia Vapniarsky
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Rian Harriman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kenneth Alvarez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jasmeen Saini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Zexi Zang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Judy Van De Water
- M.I.N.D. (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders), University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Bolandparvaz A, Harriman R, Alvarez K, Lilova K, Zang Z, Lam A, Edmiston E, Navrotsky A, Vapniarsky N, Van De Water J, Lewis JS. Towards a nanoparticle-based prophylactic for maternal autoantibody-related autism. Nanomedicine 2019; 21:102067. [PMID: 31349087 PMCID: PMC7197945 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the causative agents of Maternal Autoantibody-Related (MAR) autism, pathological autoantibodies and their epitopic targets (e.g. lactate dehydrogenase B [LDH B] peptide), have been identified. Herein, we report on the development of Systems for Nanoparticle-based Autoantibody Reception and Entrapment (SNAREs), which we hypothesized could scavenge disease-propagating MAR autoantibodies from the maternal blood. To demonstrate this functionality, we synthesized 15 nm dextran iron oxide nanoparticles surface-modified with citric acid, methoxy PEG(10 kDa) amine, and LDH B peptide (33.8 μg peptide/cm2). In vitro, we demonstrated significantly lower macrophage uptake for SNAREs compared to control NPs. The hallmark result of this study was the efficacy of the SNAREs to remove 90% of LDH B autoantibody from patient-derived serum. Further, in vitro cytotoxicity testing and a maximal tolerated dose study in mice demonstrated the safety of the SNARE formulation. This work establishes the feasibility of SNAREs as the first-ever prophylactic against MAR autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bolandparvaz
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rian Harriman
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Alvarez
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Lilova
- University of California, Davis, Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and NEAT, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zexi Zang
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andy Lam
- University of California, Davis, Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and NEAT, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Edmiston
- University of California, Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Navrotsky
- University of California, Davis, Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and NEAT, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Vapniarsky
- University of California, Davis, Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Judy Van De Water
- University of California, Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Davis, CA, USA; University of California, Davis, M.I.N.D. (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders), Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- University of California, Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, CA, USA.
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Allen RP, Bolandparvaz A, Ma JA, Manickam VA, Lewis JS. Correction to Latent, Immunosuppressive Nature of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2224-2225. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Use of biomaterials to spatiotemporally control the activation of immune cells is at the forefront of biomedical engineering research. As more biomaterial strategies are employed for immunomodulation, understanding the immunogenicity of biodegradable materials and their byproducts is paramount in tailoring systems for immune activation or suppression. Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), one of the most commonly studied polymers in tissue engineering and drug delivery, has been previously described on one hand as an immune adjuvant, and on the other as a nonactivating material. In this study, the effect of PLGA microparticles (MPs) on the maturation status of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs), the primary initiators of adaptive immunity, was investigated to decipher the immunomodulatory properties of this biomaterial. Treatment of bone marrow-derived DCs from C57BL/6 mice with PLGA MPs led to a time dependent decrease in the maturation level of these cells, as quantified by decreased expression of the positive stimulatory molecules MHCII, CD80, and CD86 as well as the ability to resist maturation following challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, this immunosuppression was dependent on the molecular weight of the PLGA used to fabricate the MPs, as higher molecular weight polymers required longer incubation to produce comparable dampening of maturation molecules. These phenomena were correlated to an increase in lactic acid both intracellularly and extracellularly during DC/PLGA MP coculture, which is postulated to be the primary agent behind the observed immune inhibition. This hypothesis is supported by our results demonstrating that resistance to LPS stimulation may be due to the ability of PLGA MP-derived lactic acid to inhibit the phosphorylation of TAK1 and therefore prevent NF-κB activation. This work is significant as it begins to elucidate how PLGA, a prominent biomaterial with broad applications ranging from tissue engineering to pharmaceutics, could modulate the local immune environment and offers insight on engineering PLGA to exploit its evolving immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley P. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Amir Bolandparvaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Vishal A. Manickam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jamal S. Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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