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Ahmad I, Mazhar K, Atiq M, Khalaf AK, Rashid MHU, Asif M, Ahmed S, Adil Z, Fayyaz A, Al-Sadoon MK, Al-Otaibi HS. Epidemiology and management of Fusarium wilt of Eucalyptus camaldulensis through systemic acquired resistance. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17022. [PMID: 38563017 PMCID: PMC10984168 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Eucalyptus camaldulensis is a multifunctional tree and is globally used for the reclamation of problematic lands. Eucalyptus camaldulensis is prone to attack by a number of pathogens, but the most important threat is the Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum). Keeping in view the importance of E. camaldulensis and to manage this disease, five plant activators, i.e., salicylic acid (C7H6O3), benzoic acid (C7H6O2), citric acid (C6H8O7), dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4), monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) and nutritional mixture namely Compound (NPK) and nutriotop (Fe, Zn, Cu, B, Mn) were evaluated in the Fusarium infested field under RCBD in the Research Area, Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (UAF). Among plant activators, salicylic acid and a combination of compound + nutriotop exhibited the lowest disease incidence and enhanced fresh and dry weight of leaves compared to other treatments and control. Results of the environmental study indicated maximum disease incidence between 35-40 °C (max. T), 6-25 °C (mini. T), 70-80% relative humidity and 1.5-2.5 km/h wind speed while pan evaporation expressed weak correlation with disease development. It was concluded that Fusarium wilt of Eucalyptus camaldulensis could be managed through activation of the basal defense system of the host plant with provision of salicylic acid and balanced nutrition by considering environmental factors. Recent exploration is expected to be helpful for future research efforts on epidemiology and ecologically sound intervention of Fusarium wilt of Eucalyptus camaldulensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Komal Mazhar
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atiq
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Salman Ahmed
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zoha Adil
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amna Fayyaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, California, United States
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