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Martviset P, Thanongsaksrikul J, Geadkaew-Krenc A, Chaimon S, Glab-Ampai K, Chaibangyang W, Sornchuer P, Srimanote P, Ruangtong J, Prathaphan P, Taechadamrongtham T, Torungkitmangmi N, Sanannam B, Gordon CN, Thongsepee N, Pankao V, Chantree P. Production and immunological characterization of the novel single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies against the epitopes on Opisthorchis viverrini cathepsin F (OvCatF). Acta Trop 2024; 254:107199. [PMID: 38552996 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opisthorchis viverrini infection is a significant health problem in several countries, especially Southeast Asia. The infection causes acute gastro-hepatic symptoms and also long-term infection leading to carcinogenesis of an aggressive bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma; CCA). Hence, the early diagnosis of O. viverrini infection could be the way out of this situation. Still, stool examination by microscopic-based methods, the current diagnostic procedure is restricted by low parasite egg numbers in the specimen and unprofessional laboratorians. The immunological procedure provides a better chance for diagnosis of the infection. Hence, this study aims to produce single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies for use as a diagnostic tool for O. viverrini infection. METHODS This study uses phage display technologies to develop the scFv antibodies against O. viverrini cathepsin F (OvCatF). The OvCatF-deduced amino acid sequence was analyzed and predicted for B-cell epitopes used for short peptide synthesis. The synthetic peptides were used to screen the phage library simultaneously with OvCatF recombinant protein (rOvCatF). The potentiated phages were collected, rescued, and reassembled in XL1-blue Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a propagative host. The positive clones of phagemids were isolated, and the single-chain variable (scFv) fragments were sequenced, computationally predicted, and molecular docked. The complete scFv fragments were digested from the phagemid, subcloned into the pOPE101 expression vector, and expressed in XL1-blue E. coli. Indirect ELISA and Western analysis were used to verify the detection efficiency. RESULTS The scFv phages specific to OvCatF were successfully isolated, subcloned, and produced as a recombinant protein. The recombinant scFv antibodies were purified and refolded to make functional scFv. The evaluation of specific recognition of the particular epitopes and detection limit results by both computational and laboratory performances demonstrated that all three recombinant scFv antibodies against OvCatF could bind specifically to rOvCatF, and the lowest detection concentration in this study was only one hundred nanograms. CONCLUSION Our produced scFv antibodies will be the potential candidates for developing a practical diagnostic procedure for O. viverrini infection in humans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsakorn Martviset
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Graduate Program in Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul
- Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Salisa Chaimon
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Graduate Program in Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kantaphon Glab-Ampai
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanlapa Chaibangyang
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Phornphan Sornchuer
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jittiporn Ruangtong
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Parisa Prathaphan
- Graduate Program in Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Nattaya Torungkitmangmi
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Bumpenporn Sanannam
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Graduate Program in Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Nattaya Thongsepee
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Graduate Program in Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Viriya Pankao
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pathanin Chantree
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Graduate Program in Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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Martviset P, Geadkaew-Krenc A, Piyatadsananon P, Jirojwong R, Chantree P, Phadungsil W, Wangboon C, Jamklang M, Chumkiew S, Poomkhokrak R, Taylor A, Kosa N, Grams R. Coproprevalence, seroprevalence, and geographic distribution of Fasciola spp. infection in beef and dairy cattle in Pak Chong highland, Nakhon-Ratchasima Province, Northeast Thailand. Parasitol Int 2024; 98:102809. [PMID: 37704000 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Fasciola spp. is a major livestock parasite, especially in cattle, water buffalo, sheep, and goats. Infection reduces animal productivity, e.g., meat, dairy, wool and might cause death. In Thailand, reports of Fasciola spp. infection in livestock, especially dairy and beef cattle, are sparse. Pakchong district in Nakhon Ratchasima province is one of Thailand's largest farming areas for dairy and beef cattle, but the prevalence of Fasciola spp. infection has never been reported in this district. The landscape of this area is mainly a hilltop plateau with many water sources suitable for the development of lymnaeid snails, the intermediate host of Fasciola spp., which are essential for the parasite life cycle. This study surveyed the copro- and seroprevalence of Fasciola spp. infection in dairy and beef cattle farmed in Pakchong district by microscope-based examination, PCR, and indirect ELISA. Associated risk factors and geographic information data were collected and analyzed. Paired stool and serum samples were collected from 102 dairy cattle and 99 beef cattle from April to November 2021. Sample analyses demonstrated a high prevalence of Fasciola spp. infection, especially in beef cattle. The overall copro-prevalence was 5.97%, with 0.99% in dairy cattle and 11.11% in beef cattle. The overall seroprevalence was 23.88%, with 2.94% in dairy cattle and 45.45% in beef cattle. Moreover, the data indicated that infection status was not correlated with animal sex and age whereas consumption of natural grasses, water resources, housing floor, and farming system were significant risk factors. Data analysis by a geographic information system (GIS) demonstrated that an associated risk could be farmed in lowering areas, especially in Chan Thuck, Nong Sa Rai, and Khlong Muang subdistricts. In conclusion, this study reports the prevalence of Fasciola spp. infection in cattle in a major farming area of Thailand which could be beneficial for designing parasite control policies in this region as well as adapting this knowledge to other Fasciola spp. endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsakorn Martviset
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pantip Piyatadsananon
- School of Geoinformatics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon-Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Ruttiroj Jirojwong
- Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Cooperatives, Nakhon-Ratchasima 30130, Thailand
| | - Pathanin Chantree
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Division of Anatomy, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wansika Phadungsil
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chompunoot Wangboon
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon-Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Mantana Jamklang
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon-Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Chumkiew
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon-Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | | | - Aree Taylor
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nanthawat Kosa
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Geadkaew-Krenc A, Grams R, Siricoon S, Kosa N, Krenc D, Phadungsil W, Martviset P. Cystatins from the Human Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini: Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis. Pathogens 2023; 12:949. [PMID: 37513796 PMCID: PMC10386146 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) has been observed in Thailand. This usually rare cancer has been associated with infection with the human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. Secretions of the parasite that interact with the host are thought to be a major component of its pathogenicity and proteolysis is a key biological activity of the secreted molecules. In this study, we present a molecular analysis of cysteine proteinase inhibitors (cystatins) of Opisthorchis viverrini. Six cDNA coding sequences of Opisthorchis viverrini cystatins, OvCys1-6, were cloned from the adult stage of the parasite using RT-PCR. Based on their sequences, OvCys1 and OvCys2 are classified as type 1 cystatins, while OvCys3-6 are classified as type 2 cystatins, with each containing a signal peptide and only one C-terminal disulfide bond. Their C-terminal region sequences are diverse compared with other cystatin members. Cystatins OvCys1, 3 and 4 were found in crude worm extracts and excretory-secretory (ES) products from the adult parasite using Western blot detection, while the other isoforms were not. Thus, OvCys1, 3 and 4 were selected for inhibition analysis and immune reactivity with Opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamster sera. OvCys1, 3, and 4 inhibited mammalian cathepsin L more effectively than cathepsin B. The pH range for their full activity was very wide (pH 3-9) and they were heat stable for at least 3 h. Unlike Fasciola gigantica cystatins, they showed no immune reactivity with infected hamster sera based on indirect ELISA. Our findings suggest that Opisthorchis viverrini cystatins are not major antigenic components in the ES product of this parasite and that other effects of Opisthorchis viverrini cystatins should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sinee Siricoon
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nanthawat Kosa
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Dawid Krenc
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wansika Phadungsil
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Martviset
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Martviset P, Phadungsil W, Na-Bangchang K, Sungkhabut W, Panupornpong T, Prathaphan P, Torungkitmangmi N, Chaimon S, Wangboon C, Jamklang M, Chumkiew S, Watthanasiri P, Geadkaew-Krenc A, Grams R, Mungthin M, Chantree P. Current prevalence and geographic distribution of helminth infections in the parasitic endemic areas of rural Northeastern Thailand. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:448. [PMID: 36882723 PMCID: PMC9993603 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminth infection is a global health issue that not only causes acute helminthiasis but long-term infection may lead to complicated symptoms as well as severe complications. The World Health Organization cooperated with the Ministry of Public Health in many countries, particularly where high prevalence, spending a lot of resources for limiting the infection. In Thailand, the incidence of parasitic helminth infections was continuously declined in the last few decades according to several campaigns for parasitic elimination. However, the rural community in the northeast of Thailand where the highest prevalence of the country still needs to be monitored. This present study aims to report the current prevalence of parasitic helminth infections in Nakhon Ratchasima and Chaiyaphum provinces where sharing a huge area of the northeastern region of Thailand but only a few studies have been published. METHODS The stool specimens were collected from 11,196 volunteers and processed by modified Kato-Katz thick smear, PBS-ethyl acetate concentration techniques, and PCR. The epidemiological data were collected, analyzed, and used for generating of parasitic hotspots. RESULTS The results indicated that O. viverrini remains the major parasite in this area with a total prevalence of 5.05% followed by Taenia spp., Hookworms, T. trichiura, and Echinostoma spp., respectively. Mueang district of Chaiyaphum province has the highest prevalence especially O. viverrini with a prevalence of 7.15% that higher than the latest national surveillance. Interestingly, the prevalence of O. viverrini was hugely reported (more than 10%) in five subdistricts. The geographic localization of O. viverrini infections revealed that a lot of water reservoirs such as the lakes or branches of the river in the two-most prevalent subdistricts. Our finding indicated that gender and age were insignificantly different. CONCLUSION This finding suggested that the parasitic helminth infection in the rural areas of northeast of Thailand remains high and the housing location is a major contributing factor for the parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsakorn Martviset
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wansika Phadungsil
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wiwat Sungkhabut
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region-9, Ministry of Public Health of Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | | | - Parisa Prathaphan
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nattaya Torungkitmangmi
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Salisa Chaimon
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Chompunoot Wangboon
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Mantana Jamklang
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Chumkiew
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Pichanee Watthanasiri
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pathanin Chantree
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand. .,Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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Watthanasiri P, Geadkaew-Krenc A, Grams R. Morphology and Mitochondrial Genome of Fischoederius sp. 1 in Thailand. Korean J Parasitol 2021; 59:355-362. [PMID: 34470086 PMCID: PMC8413858 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A rumen fluke Fischoederius elongatus is assigned to the type species of genus Fischoederius, family Gastrothylacidae. However, the mitochondrial sequences recently published are thought to be of inconsistent species, suggesting that several morphologically similar but genetically distinct species might be classified as Fischoederius elongatus. Thus, mentions of F. elongatus from South, Southeast, and East Asia might unintentionally refer to different species. The present work describes morphology and a full mitochondrial genome sequence of one of these species. The fluke specimens were collected from 2 infected cattle in Thailand. An interesting finding was the presence of a second tRNA-Asp gene next to a partial ND1 gene. It is suggested that these duplicated sequences are the remnants of non-reciprocal recombination events caused by inverted repeats located between ND2 and ND1 mitochondrial genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichanee Watthanasiri
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
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Watthanasiri P, Geadkaew-Krenc A, Smooker PM, Grams R. Fischoederius elongatus (Poirier, 1883) Stiles & Goldberger, 1910, a cryptic species of pouched amphistome (Gastrothylacidae)? Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 245:111405. [PMID: 34303769 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rumen flukes in the genus Fischoederius are neglected foodborne parasites of cattle in Asia. Fischoederius elongatus, first described in 1883 from a sample collected in Indonesia is the type-species of the genus and is found from South to East Asia. In this study Fischoederius spp were collected from cattle in Thailand. The flukes resembled F. elongatus and images of 48 specimens were taken and their DNA was isolated. The mtDNA sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1) gene was amplified by PCR and used for restriction analysis with MseI. Nine restriction patterns (A-I) were observed and the COX1 mtDNA sequence for each pattern was determined. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the nine COX1 sequences into five groups with 4.6-9.6 % sequence differences between the groups. This is beyond intragenic variation observed for the COX1 gene in other organisms and suggested that the analyzed specimens represented several species. A comparative transcriptome analysis of specimens with COX1 MseI patterns A, C, E supported this finding. The observed median base differences, both absolute and relative, in the protein coding sequences of 999 orthologs were similar to those between distinct fruit fly species. It is proposed that the genus Fischoederius contains undescribed species that follow the classic description of F. elongatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichanee Watthanasiri
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Peter M Smooker
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand.
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Pumpa S, Phadungsil W, Grams R, Martviset P, Ruang-Areerate T, Mungthin M, Geadkaew-Krenc A. Improvement of a PCR-based method for the detection of Opisthorchis viverrini eggs in human stool samples by targeting internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2), cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( cox1), and cytochrome b ( cyb). J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:474-478. [PMID: 34295047 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini infection causes various complications in patients, ranging from asymptomatic to severe chronic disease including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). O. viverrini is endemic in Southeast Asia and acting as a risk for CCA. Early diagnosis of O. viverrini infection can reduce the number of CCA cases. The routine diagnosis for opisthorchiasis is direct wet smear, sometimes coupled with concentration techniques, which has limitations when investigating light infection or if done by laboratorians with lack of experiences. PCR-based methods have been established for the detection of O. viverrini egg DNA from stool samples, but have never fully succeeded for light infections when compared to wet smear concentration techniques. This study aims to improve the PCR-based method for detection of O. viverrini eggs in stool samples by targeting the genes ITS-2, cox1, and cyb. The results reveal higher sensitivity than conventional concentration techniques, with all newly designed primers. ITS-2 has an overall sensitivity of 76.9% with 66.7% in the samples with < 50 EPG, while cox1 has shown 96.2% overall sensitivity and 94.1% in the same EPG intervals. Interestingly, the new pointing target, cyb, has shown 100% sensitivity in all egg intervals in this study, particularly for light infections (EPG less than 100). No cross-reactivity was found in Taenia spp., Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Capillaria philippinensis, and hookworm. The procedure is convenient, with shorter steps compared to previous reports, and it appears appropriate for use in the diagnosis of light infection with O. viverrini. These three genes are good candidates for use in PCR-based detection of the parasite eggs. Further testing with a larger cluster of samples is however necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Pumpa
- Graduate Program in Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand.,Department of Medical Technology Laboratory, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Wansika Phadungsil
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Martviset
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Toon Ruang-Areerate
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
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Geadkaew-Krenc A, Grams R, Phadungsil W, Chaibangyang W, Kosa N, Adisakwattana P, Dekumyoy P. Evaluation of Rhophilin Associated Tail Protein (ROPN1L) in the Human Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini for Diagnostic Approach. Korean J Parasitol 2020; 58:475-479. [PMID: 32871643 PMCID: PMC7462799 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tegumental and excretory-secretory proteins are reported as diagnostic antigens for human opisthorchiasis. Rhophilin associated tail protein1-like (OvROPN1L) protein of Opisthorchis viverrini sperm tail showed potential as a diagnostic antigen. The OvROPN1L recombinant fragments were assayed for diagnostic antigenicity for human opisthorchiasis using indirect ELISA. The strongest antigenic region was a N-terminus peptide of M1 - P56. One synthetic peptide (P1, L3-Q13) of this region showed the highest antigenicity to opisthorchiasis. Sera from other parasitic infections including Strongyloides stercoralis, hookworm, Taenia spp, minute intestinal flukes, Paragonimus spp showed lower reactivity to P1. Peptide P1 is located in the disordered N-terminus of ROPN1L supporting its suitability as linear epitope. In the Platyhelminthes the N-terminal sequence of ROPN1L is diverging with taxonomic distance further suggesting that peptide P1 has potential as diagnostic tool in the genus Opisthorchis/Clonorchis. It should be further evaluated in combination with peptides derived from other O. viverrini antigens to increase its diagnostic power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wansika Phadungsil
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanlapa Chaibangyang
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.,Sysmex Co., Ltd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Nanthawat Kosa
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Paron Dekumyoy
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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9
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Tran NTD, Ton Nu PA, Intuyod K, Dao LTK, Pinlaor P, Nawa Y, Choowongkomon K, Geadkaew-Krenc A, Kosa N, Grams R, Pinlaor S. Evaluation of a Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit and In-House Fasciola gigantica Cysteine Proteinases-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Diagnosis of Human Fascioliasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 100:591-598. [PMID: 30675852 PMCID: PMC6402930 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis, caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica infection, is a major food-borne trematodiasis in many places of the world, with the central region of Vietnam being reported as a highly endemic area. Stool examination for Fasciola eggs is not a sensitive method, and immunodiagnostic methods are preferable. We investigated various enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to evaluate their efficacy for fascioliasis diagnosis. Test sera used are primarily screened using an ELISA kit produced in Vietnam (VN kit; Viet Sinh Chemical Producing & Trading Co. Ltd., Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam): Seropositive individuals having symptoms compatible with fascioliasis were regarded as clinically diagnosed fascioliasis cases. A commercial Fasciola IgG ELISA kit from Diagnostic Automation/Cortez Diagnostics, Inc. (USA kit; Woodland Hills, CA), which has been commonly used in Vietnam, was assessed and compared with in-house ELISA systems, including a cystatin-capture (CC) ELISA using crude worm extract (CWE) and an indirect ELISA using a synthetic peptide Ac-TPTCHWECQVGYNKTYDEE-NHMe designed from the F. gigantica cathepsin B (FgCB5) molecule. The USA kit was suitable for routine diagnosis after recalibration of the manufacturer's suggested cutoff point. Cystatin-capture ELISA with CWE provided good sensitivity and specificity with perfect agreement to the results of the USA kit. In dot-blot ELISA, recombinant FgCB5 reacted more strongly with human antisera than did other F. gigantica antigens tested. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the synthetic peptide fragment of the FgCB5 exhibited nearly 80% sensitivity and specificity, but the test results showed low agreement with CC-ELISA or the USA kit. In conclusion, the commercially available Fasciola IgG ELISA kit from the United States and the in-house CC ELISA using CWE are suitable for practical diagnosis for fascioliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na T. D. Tran
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Anh Ton Nu
- Department of Parasitology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Kitti Intuyod
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ly T. K. Dao
- Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology Quy Nhon, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
| | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yukifumi Nawa
- Faculty of Medicine, Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nanthawat Kosa
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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10
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Chaibangyang W, Geadkaew-Krenc A, Smooker PM, Tesana S, Grams R. Evaluation of Opisthorchis viverrini calreticulin for potential host modulation. Acta Trop 2018; 187:175-181. [PMID: 30098943 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional calreticulin (CALR) was identified as a major calcium-binding protein of the endoplasmic reticulum before being recognized as a chaperone in the same place. Only later were activities of calreticulin outside the endoplasmic reticulum described that for example affect cell proliferation and the innate immune system. In the present work we have investigated those extracellular activities of CALR from the cancerogenic human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OvCALR), as they might be important in host/parasite interaction. We first demonstrate that OvCALR is released from the parasite and stimulates a specific humoral immune response. Recombinant OvCALR is then shown to suppress proliferation of primary endothelial cells, their motility and sprouting activities. The potential of OvCALR to interfere with the complement system is established, firstly by demonstrating its direct binding to C1q and, secondly by suppression of hemolysis of sensitized red blood cells. These findings suggest that OvCALR is an important parasite antigen that could modulate diverse host functions and support parasite survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlapa Chaibangyang
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Peter M Smooker
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Smarn Tesana
- Food-borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.
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11
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Emmanoch P, Kosa N, Vichasri-Grams S, Tesana S, Grams R, Geadkaew-Krenc A. Comparative Characterization of Four Calcium-Binding EF Hand Proteins from Opisthorchis viverrini. Korean J Parasitol 2018. [PMID: 29529855 PMCID: PMC5858670 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Four isoforms of calcium binding proteins containing 2 EF hand motifs and a dynein light chain-like domain in the human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, namely OvCaBP1, 2, 3, and 4, were characterized. They had molecular weights of 22.7, 21.6, 23.7, and 22.5 kDa, respectively and showed 37.2–42.1% sequence identity to CaBP22.8 of O. viverrini. All were detected in 2- and 4-week-old immature and mature parasites. Additionally, OvCaBP4 was found in newly excysted juveniles. Polyclonal antibodies against each isoform were generated to detect the native proteins in parasite extracts by Western blot analysis. All OvCaBPs were detected in soluble and insoluble crude worm extracts and in the excretory-secretory product, at approximate sizes of 21–23 kDa. The ion-binding properties of the proteins were analyzed by mobility shift assays with the divalent cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+. All OvCaBPs showed mobility shifts with Ca2+ and Zn2+. OvCaBP1 showed also positive results with Mg2+ and Cu2+. As tegumental proteins, OvCaBP1, 2, and 3 are interesting drug targets for the treatment of opisthorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palida Emmanoch
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nanthawat Kosa
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Smarn Tesana
- Food-borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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12
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Chaibangyang W, Geadkaew-Krenc A, Vichasri-Grams S, Tesana S, Grams R. Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Opisthorchis viverrini Calreticulin. Korean J Parasitol 2017; 55:643-652. [PMID: 29320819 PMCID: PMC5776890 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.6.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR), a multifunctional protein thoroughly researched in mammals, comprises N-, P-, and C-domain and has roles in calcium homeostasis, chaperoning, clearance of apoptotic cells, cell adhesion, and also angiogenesis. In this study, the spatial and temporal expression patterns of the Opisthorchis viverrini CALR gene were analyzed, and calcium-binding and chaperoning properties of recombinant O. viverrini CALR (OvCALR) investigated. OvCALR mRNA was detected from the newly excysted juvenile to the mature parasite by RT-PCR while specific antibodies showed a wide distribution of the protein. OvCALR was localized in tegumental cell bodies, testes, ovary, eggs, Mehlis’ gland, prostate gland, and vitelline cells of the mature parasite. Recombinant OvCALR showed an in vitro suppressive effect on the thermal aggregation of citrate synthase. The recombinant OvCALR C-domain showed a mobility shift in native gel electrophoresis in the presence of calcium. The results imply that OvCALR has comparable function to the mammalian homolog as a calcium-binding molecular chaperone. Inferred from the observed strong immunostaining of the reproductive tissues, OvCALR should be important for reproduction and might be an interesting target to disrupt parasite fecundity. Transacetylase activity of OvCALR as reported for calreticulin of Haemonchus contortus could not be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlapa Chaibangyang
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | | | - Smarn Tesana
- Food-borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
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