A Unique Perspective on Lead Compounds for Dementia with the Lewy Body

Dementia with Lewy Bodies is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by abnormal α-Synuclein aggregate accumulation in Lewy Bodies and Lewy Neurites and the most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. The presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) regulates synaptic vesicle trafficking and the subsequent release of neurotransmitters in the brain. These aggregates go through a number of crucial stages, such as aggregation, oligomerization, and fibrillation. Treatment of this disorder is generally symptomatic. This necessitates the development of cutting-edge therapeutic approaches that can either stop or change the course of the diseases. Many studies have shown that α-synuclein is a significant therapeutic target and that inhibiting α-synuclein aggregation, oligomerization, and fibrillation is an important disease-modifying strategy. Since α-syn is a defining feature of Parkinson's disease, the current review provides an overview of plant phytochemicals and synthetic heterocyclic compounds that target α-syn in Parkinson's disease in order to develop new drugs for Dementia with Lewy Bodies.

2D QSAR, Design, and in Silico Analysis of Thiophene-Tethered Lactam Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents

BACKGROUND

A very high rate of resistance causes health-care-associated and community-acquired infections. E. coli is one of the nine pathogens of highest concern to most of the antibiotics and other class of antimicrobials.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the present study is to develop novel thiophene derivatives using 2D QSAR and in silico approach for E. coli resistance.

METHODS

Substituted thiophene series reported by Nishu Singla et al., were taken for QSAR analysis. From the results, a set of 15 new compounds were designed. A complete in silico analysis has been done using PADEL, Autodock vina, Swiss ADME, Protox II software.

RESULTS

The designed compounds obey the Lipinski's rule of five and were known to have excellent inhibitory action (pIC50 values -0.87 to -1.46) which is similar to the most active compound of the data set (pIC50 -0.69) taken for the study. The bioavailability score (0.65) with no toxicity representing that the designed compounds are suitable for oral administration.

CONCLUSION

The designed compounds are inactive for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity and ADMET studies states that these molecules are likely to be orally bioavailable and could be easily transported, diffused, and absorbed. So, the designed compounds will definitely serve as a lead antibacterial agent for E. coli resistance.

Structure-Activity Relationships of Pyrimidine Derivatives and their Biological Activity - A Review

BACKGROUND

Heterocycles play a major role in many fields of biochemical and physiological such as amino acids, DNA bases, vitamins, endogenous neurotransmitters, etc. Nitrogencontaining heterocyclic compounds play a vital role in medicinal chemistry and exhibit notable biological and pharmacological activities. In the past two decades, scientists focused more on the diverse biological activities of pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is a six-membered heterocyclic compound, and it is present naturally in nucleic acid components (uracil, thymine, and cytosine) and vitamin B1; it is a promising lead molecule for synthesising compounds with various substitutions to treat various diseases.

OBJECTIVE

We focused on the structure-activity relationship of pyrimidine derivatives and its various biological activities reported from 2010 to date.

RESULTS

From this review, we concluded that the position of substituents in the pyrimidine nucleus greatly influences biological activities. Thus, the pyrimidine nucleus showed anti-microbial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, anti-convulsant, antihypertensive, anthelmintic, antidepressant, analgesic, anti-hyperglycemic activities, etc. Conclusion: This study provides an overview of the pyrimidine nucleus and its derivatives from 2010 to date. There is a future scope for identifying a lead molecule for the target biological activity.