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Hallumi E, Shalah R, Lo WL, Corso J, Oz I, Beach D, Wittman S, Isenberg A, Sela M, Urlaub H, Weiss A, Yablonski D. Itk Promotes the Integration of TCR and CD28 Costimulation through Its Direct Substrates SLP-76 and Gads. J Immunol 2021; 206:2322-2337. [PMID: 33931484 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The costimulatory receptor CD28 synergizes with the TCR to promote IL-2 production, cell survival, and proliferation; yet the obligatory interdependence of TCR and CD28 signaling is not well understood. Upon TCR stimulation, Gads, a Grb2-family adaptor, bridges the interaction of two additional adaptors, LAT and SLP-76, to form a TCR-induced effector signaling complex. SLP-76 binds the Tec-family tyrosine kinase, Itk, which phosphorylates SLP-76 Y173 and PLC-γ1 Y783. In this study, we identified TCR-inducible, Itk-mediated phosphorylation of Gads Y45 in a human T cell line and in mouse primary T cells. Y45 is found within the N-terminal SH3 domain of Gads, an evolutionarily conserved domain with no known signaling function. Gads Y45 phosphorylation depended on the interaction of Gads with SLP-76 and on the dimerization-dependent binding of Gads to phospho-LAT. We provide evidence that Itk acts through SLP-76 and Gads to promote the TCR/CD28-induced activation of the RE/AP transcriptional element from the IL-2 promoter. Two Itk-related features of SLP-76, Y173 and a proline-rich Itk SH3 binding motif on SLP-76, were dispensable for activation of NFAT but selectively required for the TCR/CD28-induced increase in cytoplasmic and nuclear c-Rel and consequent RE/AP activation. We provide evidence that unphosphorylated, monomeric Gads mediates an RE/AP-directed inhibitory activity that is mitigated upon Gads dimerization and Y45 phosphorylation. This study illuminates a new, to our knowledge, regulatory module, in which TCR-induced, Itk-mediated phosphorylation sites on SLP-76 and Gads control the transcriptional response to TCR/CD28 costimulation, thus enforcing the obligatory interdependence of the TCR and CD28 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Hallumi
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rose Shalah
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Wan-Lin Lo
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jasmin Corso
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ilana Oz
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dvora Beach
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Samuel Wittman
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amy Isenberg
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Meirav Sela
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics Research Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Deborah Yablonski
- Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Burtis JC, Poggi JD, McMillan JR, Crans SC, Campbell SR, Isenberg A, Pulver J, Casey P, White K, Zondag C, Badger JR, Berger R, Betz J, Giordano S, Kawalkowski M, Petersen JL, Williams G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Harrington LC. NEVBD Pesticide Resistance Monitoring Network: Establishing a Centralized Network to Increase Regional Capacity for Pesticide Resistance Detection and Monitoring. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:787-797. [PMID: 33128057 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide resistance in arthropod vectors of disease agents is a growing issue globally. Despite the importance of resistance monitoring to inform mosquito control programs, no regional monitoring programs exist in the United States. The Northeastern Regional Center for Excellence in Vector-Borne Diseases (NEVBD) is a consortium of researchers and public health practitioners with a primary goal of supporting regional vector control activities. NEVBD initiated a pesticide resistance monitoring program to detect resistant mosquito populations throughout the northeastern United States. A regionwide survey was distributed to vector control agencies to determine needs and refine program development and in response, a specimen submission system was established, allowing agencies to submit Culex pipiens (L.) (Diptera:Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) for pesticide resistance testing. NEVBD also established larvicide resistance diagnostics for Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and methoprene. Additional diagnostics were developed for Cx. pipiens resistance to Lysinibacillus sphaericus. We received 58 survey responses, representing at least one agency from each of the 13 northeastern U.S. states. Results indicated that larvicides were deployed more frequently than adulticides, but rarely paired with resistance monitoring. Over 18,000 mosquitoes were tested from six states. Widespread low-level (1 × LC-99) methoprene resistance was detected in Cx. pipiens, but not in Ae. albopictus. No resistance to Bti or L. sphaericus was detected. Resistance to pyrethroids was detected in many locations for both species. Our results highlight the need for increased pesticide resistance testing in the United States and we provide guidance for building a centralized pesticide resistance testing program.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Burtis
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Joseph D Poggi
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Scott C Crans
- NJDEP Office of Mosquito Control Coordination, Trenton, NJ
| | | | - Amy Isenberg
- Rockland County Department of Health, Pomona, NY
| | | | - Patti Casey
- Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food & Markets, Montpelier, VT
| | | | - Craig Zondag
- Lemon Fair Insect Control District, Weybridge, VT
| | - John R Badger
- Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, Mosquito Control Section, Milford, DE
| | - Russell Berger
- Morris County Division of Mosquito Control, Morristown, NJ
| | - John Betz
- Department of Public Works, Cumberland County Mosquito Control, Bridgeton, NJ 08302
| | | | | | - John L Petersen
- Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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Abstract
Recreational sun exposure of the general population has increased. There is less clothing on the beaches, increased accessibility to tropical beaches, and increased use of artificial suntanning equipment. The vulva, traditionally, has been protected from sun exposure. In this age of nude sunbathing, particularly within the confines of a tanning bed, it is interesting to ponder whether such exposure would affect the incidence of melanoma of the vulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Isenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Demus D, Hauser A, Isenberg A, Pohl M, Selbmann C, Weissflog W, Wieczorek S. Thermotropic liquid crystalline compounds with lateral long-chain substituents (III). Molar volumina, viscosities, optical refractive indices and order parameters of 1,4-Bis-[4-n-octyloxybenzoyloxy]-2-n-alkylbenzenes. Cryst Res Technol 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170201018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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