1
|
Anitua E, Muruzábal F, Riestra A, De la Fuente M, Merayo-Lloves J. Galenic validation of plasma rich in growth factors eye drops. Farm Hosp 2019; 43:45-49. [PMID: 30848175 DOI: 10.7399/fh.11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Galenic evaluation of the process for obtaining and storing the platelet rich in growth factors PRGF-Endoret® eye drops. METHOD To assess whether the PRGF-Endoret® eye drops process is aseptically obtained, a sterility test was carried out on the eye drops; the tightness of the PRGF-Endoret® eye drops containers was also analyzed. Likewise, the chemical and biological properties of the PRGF- Endoret® eye drops were evaluated after the obtaining process and storage. Eye drop filtration tests, one cycle of freezing at -20 °C and thawing, and eye drop stability for three and six months stored at -20 °C were included. RESULTS The results obtained in the sterility test showed no microbial contamination in any of the analyzed eyedropper; tightness test showed that 100% of the eyedrop containers and the 98.4% of the plugs analyzed remained hermetic. On the other hand, all the growth factors measured remained constant after filtering the PRGF-Endoret® eye drops. Furthermore, the different eye drop stability tests carried out in this study showed no significant changes in the growth factors levels, cell proliferative activity or in the chemical characteristics analyzed. Conclusions: The PRGF-Endoret® eye drops are obtained in a safety and aseptic manner following the guidelines issued by the Spanish Agency for Drugs and Health Products and the Ministry of Health to obtain medicines for human use. The PRGF-Endoret® eye drops maintain their physical-chemical and biological properties after being subjected to different storage times and temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- BTl Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral lmplantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHUFundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria.
| | - Francisco Muruzábal
- BTl Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral lmplantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHUFundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria.
| | - Ana Riestra
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega. Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo.
| | - María De la Fuente
- BTl Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral lmplantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHUFundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria.
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega. Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Miguel C, Ruiz S, de la Uz A, Merino E, Gutierrez A, Sanz L, Molinero E, Sanz ME, Navarro A, Riestra A. ¿Son complejos los pacientes atendidos por unidades de cuidados paliativos domiciliarias? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medipa.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Anitua E, Muruzabal F, de la Fuente M, Riestra A, Merayo-Lloves J, Orive G. PRGF exerts more potent proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects than autologous serum on a cell culture inflammatory model. Exp Eye Res 2016; 151:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
4
|
Kovács I, Luna C, Quirce S, Mizerska K, Callejo G, Riestra A, Fernández-Sánchez L, Meseguer VM, Cuenca N, Merayo-Lloves J, Acosta MC, Gasull X, Belmonte C, Gallar J. Abnormal activity of corneal cold thermoreceptors underlies the unpleasant sensations in dry eye disease. Pain 2016; 157:399-417. [PMID: 26675826 PMCID: PMC4733818 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) affects >10% of the population worldwide, and it provokes an unpleasant sensation of ocular dryness, whose underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. Removal of the main lachrymal gland in guinea pigs caused long-term reduction of basal tearing accompanied by changes in the architecture and density of subbasal corneal nerves and epithelial terminals. After 4 weeks, ongoing impulse activity and responses to cooling of corneal cold thermoreceptor endings were enhanced. Menthol (200 μM) first excited and then inactivated this augmented spontaneous and cold-evoked activity. Comparatively, corneal polymodal nociceptors of tear-deficient eyes remained silent and exhibited only a mild sensitization to acidic stimulation, whereas mechanonociceptors were not affected. Dryness-induced changes in peripheral cold thermoreceptor responsiveness developed in parallel with a progressive excitability enhancement of corneal cold trigeminal ganglion neurons, primarily due to an increase of sodium currents and a decrease of potassium currents. In corneal polymodal nociceptor neurons, sodium currents were enhanced whereas potassium currents remain unaltered. In healthy humans, exposure of the eye surface to menthol vapors or to cold air currents evoked unpleasant sensations accompanied by increased blinking frequency that we attributed to cold thermoreceptor stimulation. Notably, stimulation with menthol reduced the ongoing background discomfort of patients with DED, conceivably due to use-dependent inactivation of cold thermoreceptors. Together, these data indicate that cold thermoreceptors contribute importantly to the detection and signaling of ocular surface wetness, and develop under chronic eye dryness conditions an injury-evoked neuropathic firing that seems to underlie the unpleasant sensations experienced by patients with DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Illés Kovács
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández–CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carolina Luna
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández–CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Susana Quirce
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández–CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Kamila Mizerska
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández–CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Gerard Callejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Riestra
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo and Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Victor M. Meseguer
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández–CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo and Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Acosta
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández–CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Xavier Gasull
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Belmonte
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández–CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo and Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juana Gallar
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández–CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anitua E, Muruzabal F, Tayebba A, Riestra A, Perez VL, Merayo-Lloves J, Orive G. Autologous serum and plasma rich in growth factors in ophthalmology: preclinical and clinical studies. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:e605-14. [PMID: 25832910 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of blood derivatives represents an alternative therapeutic approach that is gaining interest in regenerative medicine due to its potential to stimulate and accelerate tissue healing. Autologous serum eye drops and platelet-enriched plasma eye drops are being used in the treatment of different ophthalmological disorders. In this review, we summarize the different blood-derived formulations used in the treatment and care of ocular surface disorders. The biological basis and use of autologous serum and plasma rich in growth factors are deeply evaluated as well as the challenges to be addressed in the future in this new generation of blood-derived therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Tayebba
- Microbiology & Immunology; Walter G. Ross Chair in Ophthalmic Research; Ocular Surface Center; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
| | - Ana Riestra
- Fernandez-Vega Ophthalmological Institute; Eye Research Foundation; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
| | - Victor L. Perez
- Microbiology & Immunology; Walter G. Ross Chair in Ophthalmic Research; Ocular Surface Center; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
| | - Jesus Merayo-Lloves
- Fernandez-Vega Ophthalmological Institute; Eye Research Foundation; University of Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Riestra A, Berisa S, Cuello E, Villota E, Fernandez-Vega A. DI-036 Intravitreal aflibercept in refractory age-related macular degeneration. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2015-000639.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
7
|
Anitua E, de la Fuente M, Muruzabal F, Riestra A, Merayo-Lloves J, Orive G. Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) eye drops stimulates scarless regeneration compared to autologous serum in the ocular surface stromal fibroblasts. Exp Eye Res 2015; 135:118-26. [PMID: 25708868 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Autologous serum (AS) eye drops was the first blood-derived product used for the treatment of corneal pathologies but nowadays PRGF arises as a novel interesting alternative to this type of diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the biological outcomes of autologous serum eye drops or Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) eye drops on corneal stromal keratocytes (HK) and conjunctival fibroblasts (HConF). To address this, blood from healthy donors was collected and processed to obtain autologous serum (AS) eye drops and plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) eye drops. Blood-derivates were aliquoted and stored at -80°C until use. PDGF-AB, VEGF, EGF, FGFb and TGF-β1 were quantified. The potential of PRGF and AS in promoting wound healing was evaluated by means of proliferation and migration assays in HK and HConF. Fibroblast cells were induced to myofibroblast differentiation after treatment with 2.5ng/mL of TGF-β1. The capability of PRGF and AS to prevent and inhibit TGF-β1-induced differentiation was evaluated. Results showed significant higher levels of all growth factors analyzed in PRGF eye drops compared to AS. Moreover, PRGF eye drops enhanced significantly the biological outcomes of both HK and HConF, and reduced TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation in contrast to autologous serum eye drops (AS). In summary, these results suggest that PRGF exerts enhanced biological outcomes than AS. PRGF may improve the treatment of ocular surface wound healing minimizing the scar formation compared to AS. Results obtained herein suggest that PRGF protects and reverses the myofibroblast phenotype while promotes cell proliferation and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Anitua
- Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain
| | | | - F Muruzabal
- Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain
| | - A Riestra
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Merayo-Lloves
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
| | - G Orive
- Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poveda JJ, Riestra A, Salas E, Cagigas ML, López-Somoza C, Amado JA, Berrazueta JR. Contribution of nitric oxide to exercise-induced changes in healthy volunteers: effects of acute exercise and long-term physical training. Eur J Clin Invest 1997; 27:967-71. [PMID: 9395795 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1997.2220763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelium plays a central role in the regulation of regional blood flow through the release of certain vasoactive substances. We conducted this study to test whether an increase in the production of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and plasma and intraplatelet cyclic guanosine 3':5' monophosphate (cGMP) is involved in the adaptation to chronic exercise in physically trained people and in the vasodilatation induced by acute physical exercise. We studied one group of 10 trained athletes and another group of 10 untrained people. We measured plasma levels of nitrites, nitrates and cGMP and intraplatelet levels of cGMP, as an indicator of intracellular guanylate cyclase activity, and ANP before and after a maximal treadmill test. Resting cardiac rate (CR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were lower in the athlete group than in the control group (73.8 +/- 3.6 vs. 92 +/- 5.9; P < 0.02 and 110 +/- 2.58 vs. 118 +/- 3.27; P < 0.02 respectively). SBP did not show differences between groups after the exercise test. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at rest was lower in the athlete group (71 +/- 1.79 vs. 80.5 +/- 3.53; P < 0.03) and the decrease after maximal exercise was more pronounced in this group (64 +/- 2.67 vs. 74.5 +/- 3.2; P < 0.02). Basal plasma nitrites were 4.9 +/- 0.8 in the athlete group and 1.9 +/- 0.3 in the control group (P < 0.05). After exercise, test differences between groups remained (P < 0.05). Nitrates were significantly higher in the group of athletes and did not show exercise-related changes. Plasma levels of cGMP and ANP increased in both groups after the treadmill test, with no differences between groups. Among the athletes, cGMP increased from 1.11 +/- 0.1 to 2.6 +/- 0.4 (P < 0.001), whereas in the untrained group plasma cGMP rose from 1.14 +/- 0.09 to 1.86 +/- 0.2 (P < 0.01). There was a significant correlation between the increases in plasma cGMP and the atrial natriuretic peptide in both groups (r = 0.91, P < 0.0002, for athletes; and r= 0.68, P < 0.04, for control group). The intraplatelet concentration of cGMP did not show differences between groups and did not change after exercise. In conclusion, we have found increased basal levels of plasma nitrite and nitrate in trained subjects. Exercise does not produce differences in the increments of these metabolites. Therefore, we speculate the release of nitric oxide is not augmented by exercise in trained athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Poveda
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Castillo J, Berrazueta JR, Herrera L, Val-Bernal JF, Gómez J, Sánchez MJ, Riestra A, García-Unzueta MT, Amado JA, Salas E, Gómez-Fleitas M. Nitric oxide production during the hyperacute vascular rejection. J Surg Res 1996; 63:375-80. [PMID: 8661229 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.1996.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A complete understanding of the biological mechanisms that take part in the hyperacute vascular rejection is necessary to prevent its development. Nitric Oxide (NO) release by the graft could be one of those mechanisms as cytokine induction of NO synthase in reticuloendothelial cells produces NO with cytotoxic activity. We have performed 20 heterotopic pig-to-dog kidney xenotransplantations in order to determine if cytotoxic NO is released during the hyperacute rejection. Nitrites and cGMP levels were determined in plasma samples taken from the graft artery and vein until vessel thromboses. NO synthase activity was measured in pieces from renal artery and renal tissue. The results show that after discordant xenotransplantation, inducible NO synthase is activated in the transplanted organ, indicating that NO can mediate host tissue damage during the hyperacute rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Castillo
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitario "Marqués de Valdecilla," Avda de Valedecilla s/n, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Riestra A. [Nitric oxide and hepatopulmonary syndrome]. Med Clin (Barc) 1996; 106:597-8. [PMID: 8656762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
11
|
Riestra A, Cubas G, Amado JA. [The effect of the ingestion of nougat on blood glucose and insulin in healthy subjects]. NUTR HOSP 1995; 10:354-7. [PMID: 8599620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the diet, is well known. Given that the glycemic response of the foods can not be predicted simply based on their chemical composition, prior to advising diabetics, one must have comparative data on the physiologic effects of the different foods. In this work we have studied the effect of nougat on glycemia and insulinemia, because this is a common food in our culture, and its knowledge may be of great use to diabetic patients. For the study we chose 7 healthy volunteers who were asked to ingest, on different days, a portion of whole wheat bread and one of Jijona nougat with an equivalent number of carbohydrates, and blood samples were taken before breakfast and at different times after initiating the ingestion, and in these samples we determined the plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin. We calculated the peak distances of glycemia and insulinemia, that is to say, the differences between the minimum and maximum values, and the areas under the curves. The difference between the glycemia peak distance between the trial done with nougat and that done with whole wheat bread, was statistically significant with a p < 0.02. The area under both curves did not show statistically significant differences. The same was true for the insulinemia figures. In conclusion, nougat, which traditionally is banned from the diet of diabetics, in this study does not show to produce a greater functional overload of the pancreatic islets than whole wheat bread does, and, although it has a high caloric value, it can probably be added to the diet of diabetic in small quantities, without producing great metabolic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Riestra
- Sección de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Valdecilla, Santander, España
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Berrazueta JR, Salas E, Riestra A, Ochoteco A, Amado JA, Poveda JJ. Effect of isosorbide-5-mononitrate on plasma and urine levels of cyclic GMP in relation to exercise in coronary patients compared with control subjects. Eur J Clin Invest 1995; 25:852-8. [PMID: 8582451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) relax vascular smooth muscle increasing levels of cyclic guanosine 3':5' monophosphate (cGMP). Nitrovasodilators act as exogenous nitric oxide donors. The aim of this study was to ascertain the response of cGMP to exercise without medication and after the administration of 20 mg of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) in coronary patients (n = 8) and healthy control subjects (n = 9). A third group of 10 normal volunteers was studied to test plasma cGMP response to second exercise test without IS-5-MN administration. Plasma cGMP increased significantly in both patients (P < 0.02) and controls (P < 0.01) after the first ergometry. After IS-5-MN administration, plasma cGMP did not increase either before or after exercise. In normal volunteers without IS-5-MN plasma cGMP increased significantly after first (P < 0.004) and second (P < 0.0008) exercise test. In conclusion, plasma cGMP increases during exercise. Administration of IS-5-MN does not raise plasma cGMP and neither does performance of further exercise after its administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Berrazueta
- Cardiology Division, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Riestra A, Fernández-Miera MF, Zurbano F, Hazas J, Sanromá P. [Acute eosinophilic pneumonia: presentation of a case and review of the literature]. An Med Interna 1995; 12:495-7. [PMID: 8519940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary eosinophilias are characterized by the appearance of lung infiltrates by eosinophils and the presence, commonly, of peripheral blood eosinophilia. Among idiopathic pulmonary eosinophilias, with no evidence of any cause or underlying disease, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is the most characteristic. Recently, there has been described a few cases of eosinophilic pneumonia with many similarities to chronic eosinophilic pneumonia but with a shorter clinical course, a very good response to corticoid therapy, and without tendency to relapse. This process has been named acute eosinophilic pneumonia. We present a case of this entity and review the literature, emphasizing on the potential severity of this disease, which often conduce to progressive respiratory failure, and its excellent prognosis after appropriate treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Riestra
- Unidad de Hospitalización Domiciliaria, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Berrazueta JR, Riestra A, Salas E, Poveda JJ, Fernández-Llaca H, Navarro-Baldeweg O, Amado JA. Aquagenic pruritus response to the exogenous nitric oxide donor, transdermal nitroglycerin. Int J Dermatol 1994; 33:752-3. [PMID: 8002150 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|