Moschouris H, Malagari K, Dimakis A, Kiakidis T, Anagnostopoulou A. Transarterial Chemoembolization of HCC with Radiopaque Microspheres: Evaluation with Computed Tomography and the Complementary Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2020;
43:1075-1083. [PMID:
32394087 DOI:
10.1007/s00270-020-02487-5]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE
To assess the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT), and of the combination of CT with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CT + CEUS), for the early evaluation of local response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with radiopaque drug-eluting microspheres (RO-DEMs).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
30 HCC patients (55 target tumors) were treated with TACE with RO-DEMs (diameter: 70-150 μm) preloaded with 75 mg doxorubicin/2 ml of microspheres. Unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT, followed by CEUS, were performed 1-3 days post-RO-DEMs-TACE. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) performed 1 month later served as the reference standard. Local tumor response was evaluated with modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST).
RESULTS
MR diagnosed 9 tumors with complete response and 46 with residual disease. Compared to MR, CT had 9 false negative and 1 false positive diagnosis for residual tumor. Potential causes for these misdiagnoses were the hyperdensities and associated artifacts (caused by the accumulation of RO-DEMs in the target tumors) and the small size of residual tumor. CT + CEUS had 3 false negative and no false positive diagnosis for residual tumor. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of CT for detection of residual tumor were, respectively: 80.4%, 88.9% and 81.8%, and for CT + CEUS: 93.5%, 100% and 94.5%, respectively. Agreement (kappa coefficient) in application of mRECIST between MR and CT was lower than between MR and CT + CEUS (0.508 vs. 0.757).
CONCLUSION
CT evaluation of TACE with RO-DEMs is associated with limitations which can be partially overcome by combining CT with CEUS.
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