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Peter KA, Voirol C, Kunz S, Gurtner A, Renggli F, Juvet T, Golz C. Factors associated with health professionals' stress reactions, job satisfaction, intention to leave and health-related outcomes in acute care, rehabilitation and psychiatric hospitals, nursing homes and home care organisations. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:269. [PMID: 38431643 PMCID: PMC10909269 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify (1) the extent of work-related stress and (2) stressors associated with cognitive and behavioral stress reactions, burnout symptoms, health status, quality of sleep, job satisfaction, and intention to leave the organization and the profession among health professionals working in acute care /rehabilitation hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, nursing homes, and home care organizations. BACKGROUND Health professionals are faced with various stressors at work and as a consequence are leaving their profession prematurely. This study aimed to identify the extent of work-related stress and stressors associated with stress reactions, job satisfaction, and intention to leave and health-related outcomes among health professionals working in different healthcare sectors (acute care, rehabilitation and psychiatric hospitals, nursing homes and home care organizations). METHODS This study is based on a repeated cross-sectional design, which includes three data measures between 2017 and 2020 and 19,340 participating health professionals from 26 acute care / rehabilitation hospitals, 12 psychiatric hospitals, 86 nursing homes and 41 home care organizations in Switzerland. For data analysis, hierarchical multilevel models (using AIC) were calculated separately for hospitals, nursing homes, and home care organizations, regarding health professionals' stress symptoms, job satisfaction, intention to leave the organization / profession, general health status, burnout symptoms, and quality of sleep. RESULTS The main findings reveal that the incompatibility of health professionals' work and private life was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with their stress reactions, job satisfaction, intention to leave, and health-related outcomes in all the included work areas. The direct supervisor's good leadership qualities were also associated with health professionals' job satisfaction regarding all work areas (B ≥ 0.22, p = 0.000). In addition, a positive perceived bond with the organization (B ≥ 0.13, p < 0.01) and better development opportunities (B ≥ 0.05, p < 0.05) were associated with higher job satisfaction and a lower intention to leave the organization and profession among health professionals. Also, a younger age of health professionals was associated with a higher intention to leave the organization and the profession prematurely in all the included work areas. High physical (B ≥ 0.04, p < 0.05) and quantitative demands (B ≥ 0.05, p = 0.000) at work were also associated with negative health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Anne Peter
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Voirol
- Haute Ecole Arc Santé, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Neuchatel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stefan Kunz
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gurtner
- Institute New Work, Department of Business School, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Renggli
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Typhaine Juvet
- Haute Ecole Arc Santé, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Golz
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Abstract
The relationship of task adaptive behavior (TAB) to performance was studied in 31 computer supported groups using a simulated air traffic control task. Each person could access information on specific plane parameters. Based on messages from two specialists, the commanders assigned threat levels to planes that moved in the airspace. Groups worked on two different days. Shifts 1 to 3 (Day 1) and 4 to 6 (Day 2) were compared. Based on a hierarchical task analysis, measures of TAB were developed to assess conformity to specific task requirements beyond general process variables. As hypothesized, TAB predicted performance better than general process variables. The hypothesis that basic task mastery was a better predictor of performance on Day 1 and more sophisticated TAB on Day 2 was supported for two of the three TAB measures. Results underscore the fruitfulness of assessing behaviors specifically adapted to task requirements, and of observations over longer periods of time.
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Garibaldi F, Falcone E, Trisciuoglio D, Colombo T, Lisek K, Walerych D, Del Sal G, Paci P, Bossi G, Piaggio G, Gurtner A. Mutant p53 inhibits miRNA biogenesis by interfering with the microprocessor complex. Oncogene 2016; 35:3760-70. [PMID: 26996669 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is commonly observed in cancers and promotes tumorigenesis suggesting that miRNAs may function as tumor suppressors. However, the mechanism through which miRNAs are regulated in cancer, and the connection between oncogenes and miRNA biogenesis remain poorly understood. The TP53 tumor-suppressor gene is mutated in half of human cancers resulting in an oncogene with gain-of-function activities. Here we demonstrate that mutant p53 (mutp53) oncoproteins modulate the biogenesis of a subset of miRNAs in cancer cells inhibiting their post-transcriptional maturation. Interestingly, among these miRNAs several are also downregulated in human tumors. By confocal, co-immunoprecipitation and RNA-chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we show that endogenous mutp53 binds and sequesters RNA helicases p72/82 from the microprocessor complex, interfering with Drosha-pri-miRNAs association. In agreement with this, the overexpression of p72 leads to an increase of mature miRNAs levels. Moreover, functional experiments demonstrate the oncosuppressive role of mutp53-dependent miRNAs (miR-517a, -519a, -218, -105). Our study highlights a previously undescribed mechanism by which mutp53 interferes with Drosha-p72/82 association leading, at least in part, to miRNA deregulation observed in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Garibaldi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - E Falcone
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - D Trisciuoglio
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - T Colombo
- Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy.,SysBio Centre for Systems Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - K Lisek
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita-Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Walerych
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita-Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Paci
- Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy.,SysBio Centre for Systems Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - G Bossi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - G Piaggio
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - A Gurtner
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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4
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Ellwart T, Happ C, Gurtner A, Rack O. Managing information overload in virtual teams: Effects of a structured online team adaptation on cognition and performance. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2014.1000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ubertini V, Norelli G, D'Arcangelo D, Gurtner A, Cesareo E, Baldari S, Gentileschi MP, Piaggio G, Nisticò P, Soddu S, Facchiano A, Bossi G. Mutant p53 gains new function in promoting inflammatory signals by repression of the secreted interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Oncogene 2014; 34:2493-504. [PMID: 24998848 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The TP53 tumor-suppressor gene is frequently mutated in human cancer. Missense mutations can add novel functions (gain-of-function, GOF) that promote tumor malignancy. Here we report that mutant (mut) p53 promotes tumor malignancy by suppressing the expression of a natural occurring anti-inflammatory cytokine, the secreted interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1Ra, IL1RN). We show that mutp53 but not wild-type (wt) p53 suppresses the sIL-1Ra production in conditioned media of cancer cells. Moreover, mutp53, but not wtp53, binds physically the sIL-1Ra promoter and the protein-protein interaction with the transcriptional co-repressor MAFF (v-MAF musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein F) is required for mutp53-induced sIL-1Ra suppression. Remarkably, when exposed to IL-1 beta (IL-1β) inflammatory stimuli, mutp53 sustains a ready-to-be-activated in vitro and in vivo cancer cells' response through the sIL-1Ra repression. Taken together, these results identify sIL-1Ra as a novel mutp53 target gene, whose suppression might be required to generate a chronic pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment through which mutp53 promotes tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ubertini
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - G Norelli
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - D D'Arcangelo
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell'immacolata IDI-IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Gurtner
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - E Cesareo
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell'immacolata IDI-IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Baldari
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - M P Gentileschi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - G Piaggio
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - P Nisticò
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S Soddu
- Experimental Oncology Laboratories, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - A Facchiano
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell'immacolata IDI-IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Bossi
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Tschan F, Semmer NK, Gurtner A, Bizzari L, Spychiger M, Breuer M, Marsch SU. Explicit Reasoning, Confirmation Bias, and Illusory Transactive Memory. Small Group Research 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1046496409332928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Teamwork is important in medicine, and this includes team-based diagnoses. The influence of communication on diagnostic accuracy in an ambiguous situation was investigated in an emergency medical simulation. The situation was ambiguous in that some of the patient's symptoms suggested a wrong diagnosis. Of 20 groups of physicians, 6 diagnosed the patient, 8 diagnosed with help, and 6 missed the diagnosis. Based on models of decision making, we hypothesized that accurate diagnosis is more likely if groups (a) consider more information, (b) display more explicit reasoning, and (c) talk to the room. The latter two hypotheses were supported. Additional analyses revealed that physicians often failed to report pivotal information after reading in the patient chart. This behavior suggested to the group that the chart contained no critical information. Corresponding to a transactive memory process, this process results in what we call illusory transactive memory. The plausible but incorrect diagnosis implied that the two lungs should sound differently. Despite objectively identical sounds, some physicians did hear a difference, indicating confirmation bias. Training physicians in explicit reasoning could enhance diagnostic accuracy.
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Facchin S, Tschan F, Gurtner A, Cohen D, Dupuis A. Validation de la version française de l'échelle de réflexivité en groupe de Carter et West, 1998. Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pto.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fontemaggi G, Gurtner A, Strano S, Higashi Y, Sacchi A, Piaggio G, Blandino G. The transcriptional repressor ZEB regulates p73 expression at the crossroad between proliferation and differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:8461-70. [PMID: 11713281 PMCID: PMC100009 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.24.8461-8470.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly discovered p73 gene encodes a nuclear protein that has high homology with p53. Furthermore, ectopic expression of p73 in p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) cancer cells recapitulates some of the biological activities of p53 such as growth arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation. p73(-/-)-deficient mice exhibit severe defects in proper development of the central nervous system and pheromone sensory pathway. They also suffer from inflammation and infections. Here we studied the transcriptional regulation of p73 at the crossroad between proliferation and differentiation. p73 mRNA is undetectable in proliferating C2C12 cells and is expressed at very low levels in undifferentiated P19 and HL60 cells. Conversely, it is upregulated during muscle and neuronal differentiation as well as in response to tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-induced monocytic differentiation of HL60 cells. We identified a 1-kb regulatory fragment located within the first intron of p73, which is positioned immediately upstream to the ATG codon of the second exon. This fragment exerts silencer activity on p73 as well as on heterologous promoters. The p73 intronic fragment contains six consensus binding sites for transcriptional repressor ZEB, which binds these sites in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of dominant-negative ZEB (ZEB-DB) restores p73 expression in proliferating C2C12 and P19 cells. Thus, transcriptional repression of p73 expression by ZEB binding may contribute to the modulation of p73 expression during differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Division
- Cell Line
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- Codon
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Exons
- Genes, Dominant
- Genes, Reporter
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- HL-60 Cells
- Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Introns
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Precipitin Tests
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Protein Isoforms
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/chemistry
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Tumor Protein p73
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fontemaggi
- Molecular Oncogenesis Laboratory, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messe d'Oro, 156, 00158 Rome, Italy
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10
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Sciortino S, Gurtner A, Manni I, Fontemaggi G, Dey A, Sacchi A, Ozato K, Piaggio G. The cyclin B1 gene is actively transcribed during mitosis in HeLa cells. EMBO Rep 2001; 2:1018-23. [PMID: 11606417 PMCID: PMC1084122 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the expression level of the cyclin B1 gene plays a critical role in the progression through mitosis. Here we demonstrate that the transcriptional activity of the human cyclin B1 promoter, as well as the rate of gene transcription, is high during mitosis. Indeed, the cyclin B1 promoter maintains an open chromatin configuration at the mitotic stage. Consistent with this, we show that the cyclin B1 promoter is occupied and bound to NF-Y during mitosis in vivo. Our results provide the first example of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription during mitosis in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Regina Elena, Via delle Messi D'Oro 156, 00158 Rome, Italy
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11
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Imbriano C, Bolognese F, Gurtner A, Piaggio G, Mantovani R. HSP-CBF is an NF-Y-dependent coactivator of the heat shock promoters CCAAT boxes. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:26332-9. [PMID: 11306579 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101553200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to toxic stimuli is elicited through the expression of heat shock proteins, a transcriptional process that relies upon conserved DNA elements in the promoters: the Heat Shock Elements, activated by the heat shock factors, and the CCAAT boxes. The identity of the CCAAT activator(s) is unclear because two distinct entities, NF-Y and HSP-CBF, have been implicated in the HSP70 system. The former is a conserved ubiquitous trimer containing histone-like subunits, the latter a 110-kDa protein with an acidic N-terminal. We analyzed two CCAAT-containing promoters, HSP70 and HSP40, with recombinant NF-Y and HSP-CBF using electrophoretic mobility shift assay, protein-protein interactions, transfections and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (ChIP) assays. Both recognize a common DNA-binding protein in nuclear extracts, identified in vitro and in vivo as NF-Y. Both CCAAT boxes show high affinity for recombinant NF-Y but not for HSP-CBF. However, HSP-CBF does activate HSP70 and HSP40 transcription under basal and heat shocked conditions; for doing so, it requires an intact NF-Y trimer as judged by cotransfections with a diagnostic NF-YA dominant negative vector. HSP-CBF interacts in solution and on DNA with the NF-Y trimer through an evolutionary conserved region. In yeast two-hybrid assays HSP-CBF interacts with NF-YB. These data implicate HSP-CBF as a non-DNA binding coactivator of heat shock genes that act on a DNA-bound NF-Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Imbriano
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, U. di Modena e Reggio, Via Campi 213/d, 41100 Modena, Italy
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12
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Manni I, Mazzaro G, Gurtner A, Mantovani R, Haugwitz U, Krause K, Engeland K, Sacchi A, Soddu S, Piaggio G. NF-Y mediates the transcriptional inhibition of the cyclin B1, cyclin B2, and cdc25C promoters upon induced G2 arrest. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:5570-6. [PMID: 11096075 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006052200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During normal cell cycles, the function of mitotic cyclin-cdk1 complexes, as well as of cdc25C phosphatase, is required for G2 phase progression. Accordingly, the G2 arrest induced by DNA damage is associated with a down-regulation of mitotic cyclins, cdk1, and cdc25C phosphatase expression. We found that the promoter activity of these genes is repressed in the G2 arrest induced by DNA damage. We asked whether the CCAAT-binding NF-Y modulates mitotic cyclins, cdk1, and cdc25C gene transcription during this type of G2 arrest. In our experimental conditions, the integrity of the CCAAT boxes of cyclin B1, cyclin B2, and cdc25C promoters, as well as the presence of a functional NF-Y complex, is strictly required for the transcriptional inhibition of these promoters. Furthermore, a dominant-negative p53 protein, impairing doxorubicin-induced G2 arrest, prevents transcriptional down-regulation of the mitotic cyclins, cdk1, and cdc25C genes. We conclude that, as already demonstrated for cdk1, NF-Y mediates the transcriptional inhibition of the mitotic cyclins and the cdc25C genes during p53-dependent G2 arrest induced by DNA damage. These data suggest a transcriptional regulatory role of NF-Y in the G2 checkpoint after DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Manni
- Laboratorio Oncogenesi Molecolare, Istituto Regina Elena, Rome 00158, Italy
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Bolognese F, Wasner M, Dohna CL, Gurtner A, Ronchi A, Muller H, Manni I, Mossner J, Piaggio G, Mantovani R, Engeland K. The cyclin B2 promoter depends on NF-Y, a trimer whose CCAAT-binding activity is cell-cycle regulated. Oncogene 1999; 18:1845-53. [PMID: 10086339 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin B2 is a regulator of p34cdc2 kinase, involved in G2/M progression of the cell cycle, whose gene is strictly regulated at the transcriptional level in cycling cells. The mouse promoter was cloned and three conserved CCAAT boxes were found. In this study, we analysed the mechanisms leading to activation of the cyclin B2 CCAAT boxes: a combination of (i) genomic footprinting, (ii) transfections with single, double and triple mutants, (iii) EMSAs with nuclear extracts, antibodies and NF-Y recombinant proteins and (iv) transfections with an NF-YA dominant negative mutant established the positive role of the three CCAAT sequences and proved that NF-Y plays a crucial role in their activation. NF-Y, an ubiquitous trimer containing histone fold subunits, activates several other promoters regulated during the cell cycle. To analyse the levels of NF-Y subunits in the different phases of the cycle, we separated MEL cells by elutriation, obtaining fractions >80% pure. The mRNA and protein levels of the histone-fold containing NF-YB and NF-YC were invariant, whereas the NF-YA protein, but not its mRNA, was maximal in mid-S and decreased in G2/M. EMSA confirmed that the CCAAT-binding activity followed the amount of NF-YA, indicating that this subunit is limiting within the NF-Y complex, and suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms regulate NF-YA levels. Our results support a model whereby fine tuning of this activator is important for phase-specific transcription of CCAAT-containing promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bolognese
- Dipartimento di Genetica e di Biologia dei Microrganismi, Università di Milano, Italy
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Abstract
A panel of 1,012 respiratory sediments was retrospectively tested by PCR amplification to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the COBAS AMPLICOR MTB system. The sensitivities and specificities of COBAS and fluorescence microscopy compared to culture were 92.6 versus 95.6% and 99.6 versus 95.3%, respectively. Inhibition occurred in 48 (4.7%) specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bodmer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Berne, Switzerland.
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Bodmer T, Gurtner A, Schopfer K, Matter L. Screening of respiratory tract specimens for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using the Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:1483-7. [PMID: 7521356 PMCID: PMC264023 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.6.1483-1487.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A prospective 2-month trial involving 617 respiratory tract specimens was conducted to compare sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the newly developed Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test kit (AMTDT; Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, Calif.) for the rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and of fluorescent acid-fast staining versus combined BACTEC 12B and solid-medium cultures as the "gold standard." A total of 590 specimens were culture and AMTDT negative. Twenty-one (3.4%) cultures yielded M. tuberculosis. Of these, 15 (71.4%) were detected by AMTDT, whereas 6 (28.6%) were missed. M. tuberculosis did not grow in six (28.6%) of AMTDT-positive specimens derived from three patients under treatment for tuberculosis. AMTDT exhibited a sensitivity, a specificity, a negative predictive value, and a positive predictive value of 71.4, 99, 99, and 71.4%, respectively. In comparison, the same values for fluorescent microscopy were 66.7, 98.3, 98.8, and 58.3%, respectively. AMTDT was easy to perform and highly specific. However, a screening test would require an improved sensitivity and, when feasible, the implementation of an internal amplification control.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bodmer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Berne, Switzerland
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