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Hussain A, Starita C, Hodgetts A, Marshall J. Macromolecular diffusion characteristics of ageing human Bruch's membrane: Implications for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Exp Eye Res 2010; 90:703-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Brosens JJ, Hodgetts A, Feroze-Zaidi F, Sherwin JRA, Fusi L, Salker MS, Higham J, Rose GL, Kajihara T, Young SL, Lessey BA, Henriet P, Langford PR, Fazleabas AT. Proteomic analysis of endometrium from fertile and infertile patients suggests a role for apolipoprotein A-I in embryo implantation failure and endometriosis. Mol Hum Reprod 2009; 16:273-85. [PMID: 20008415 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gap108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is dependent upon the endometrium acquiring a receptive phenotype that facilitates apposition, adhesion and invasion of a developmentally competent embryo. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of mid-secretory endometrial biopsies revealed a 28 kDa protein peak that discriminated highly between samples obtained from women with recurrent implantation failure and fertile controls. Subsequent tandem mass spectroscopy unambiguously identified this peak as apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), a potent anti-inflammatory molecule. Total endometrial apoA-I levels were, however, comparable between the study and control group. Moreover, endometrial apoA-I mRNA expression was not cycle-dependent although there was partial loss of apoA-I immunoreactivity in luminal and glandular epithelium in mid-secretory compared with proliferative endometrial samples. Because of its putative anti-implantation properties, we examined whether endometrial apoA-I expression is regulated by embryonic signals. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) strongly inhibited apoA-I expression in differentiating explant cultures but not when established from eutopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis. Pelvic endometriosis was associated with elevated apoA-I mRNA levels, increased secretion by differentiating eutopic endometrial explant cultures and lack of hCG-dependent down-regulation. To corroborate these observations, we examined endometrial apoA-I expression and its regulation by hCG in a non-human primate model of endometriosis. As in humans, hCG strongly inhibited endometrial apoA-I mRNA expression in disease-free baboons, but this response was entirely lost upon induction of pelvic endometriosis. Together, these observations indicate that perturbations in endometrial apoA-I expression, modification or regulation by paracrine embryonic signals play a major role in implantation failure and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Brosens
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK.
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Jackson TL, Hussain A, Morley AMS, Sullivan PM, Hodgetts A, El-Osta A, Hillenkamp J, Charles SJ, Sheard R, Williamson TH, Kumar A, Laidlaw DAH, Woon WH, Costen MJ, Luff AJ, Marshall J. Scleral Hydraulic Conductivity and Macromolecular Diffusion in Patients with Uveal Effusion Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 49:5033-40. [PMID: 18552396 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L. Jackson
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom;2King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the
| | - Ali Hussain
- King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the
| | - Ana M. S. Morley
- King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the3Vitreoretinal Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the
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- Vitreoretinal Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the
| | - Andrea Hodgetts
- King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the
| | - Austen El-Osta
- King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the
| | - Jost Hillenkamp
- King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the4Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; the
| | | | - Richard Sheard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; the
| | - Tom H. Williamson
- King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the
| | - Anupma Kumar
- King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the
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- King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the
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- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom; and the
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- Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Luff
- Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John Marshall
- King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the
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Hodgetts D, Radley A, Chamberlain K, Hodgetts A. Health inequalities and homelessness: considering material, spatial and relational dimensions. J Health Psychol 2008; 12:709-25. [PMID: 17855457 DOI: 10.1177/1359105307080593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homelessness is a pressing health concern involving material hardship, social marginalization and restrained relationships between homeless and housed people. This article links relational aspects of homelessness, and its health consequences, with material and spatial considerations through the use of photo-elicitation interviews with 12 rough sleepers in London. We highlight the relevance of embodied deprivation for a health psychology that is responsive to the ways in which social inequalities can get under the skin of homeless people and manifest as health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrin Hodgetts
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Abstract
Surface enhanced laser desorption ionization–time of flight is a mass spectrometric-based method that requires a minimal amount of sample for analysis and can be used for high-throughput screening. It has been used to discover serum or tissue protein signatures and biomarkers for infectious diseases in the fields of virology (hepatitis B and C viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome, HIV-1, human T-cell leukemia virus-1 and BK virus), parasitology (trypanosomiasis) and bacteriology (intra-amniotic inflammation, tuberculosis and bacterial endocarditis). The protein signatures, or biomarkers, can be used to diagnose infection, predict disease states and to inform on disease processes. Careful attention to experimental design, sample handling and storage, and the use of appropriate internal controls is crucial to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hodgetts
- Imperial College London, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, London, UK.
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Jackson TL, Hussain A, Hodgetts A, Morley AMS, Hillenkamp J, Sullivan PM, Marshall J. Human scleral hydraulic conductivity: age-related changes, topographical variation, and potential scleral outflow facility. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47:4942-6. [PMID: 17065511 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the specific hydraulic conductivity (K) of human sclera over a range of ages, to assess topographical variation, and to provide a theoretical estimate of potential scleral outflow facility. METHODS Human donor sclera (n = 18; mean age 56.7 +/- 25.9 years; range 4-89) was clamped in a modified Ussing chamber connected to a water column set at 15.7 mm Hg. Column descent was measured over 24 hours at 20 degrees C with a digital micrometer. Scleral thickness of glutaraldehyde-fixed specimens was measured by light microscopy, taking the mean of 15 measurements per donor. Topographical variation in hydraulic conductivity (HC) was determined in an additional 10 donor eyes (mean age, 54.1 +/- 26.4 years; range 12-89), comparing anterior, equatorial, and posterior sclera. The potential transscleral outflow facility was calculated by multiplying HC by total scleral surface area and adjusting water viscosity to core body temperature. RESULTS Mean K +/- 1SD in adults (>18 years) was 5.85 +/- 3.89 x 10(-18) m(2). K tended to be higher in pediatric donors, but there was no statistically significant age-related change. However, when all data sets were combined (n = 28), HC showed a significant decline with age. There was no significant topographical variation in HC. The potential transscleral outflow facility was 0.33 microL.min(-1).mm Hg(-1). CONCLUSIONS Quantifying HC may help refine ocular pharmacotherapy, as transscleral water movement increases intraocular drug elimination and impedes transscleral drug delivery. The potential scleral outflow is two to three times higher than that which occurs in vivo; hence, medical or surgical interventions that fully exploit this pathway have considerable capacity to lower intraocular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Jackson
- Academic Department of Ophthalmology, The Rayne Institute, GKT Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
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Kerr JR, Christian P, Hodgetts A, Langford PR, Devanur LD, Petty R, Burke B, Sinclair LI, Richards SCM, Montgomery J, McDermott CR, Harrison TJ, Kellam P, Nutt DJ, Holgate ST. Current research priorities in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: disease mechanisms, a diagnostic test and specific treatments. J Clin Pathol 2006; 60:113-6. [PMID: 16935968 PMCID: PMC1860619 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.042374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterised by disabling fatigue of at least 6 months duration, which is accompanied by various rheumatological, infectious and neuropsychiatric symptoms. A collaborative study group has been formed to deal with the current areas for development in CFS research--namely, to develop an understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of CFS, to develop a diagnostic test and to develop specific and curative treatments. Various groups have studied the gene expression in peripheral blood of patients with CFS, and from those studies that have been confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), clearly, the most predominant functional theme is that of immunity and defence. However, we do not yet know the precise gene signature and metabolic pathways involved. Currently, this is being dealt with using a microarray representing 47,000 human genes and variants, massive parallel signature sequencing and real-time PCR. It will be important to ensure that once a gene signature has been identified, it is specific to CFS and does not occur in other diseases and infections. A diagnostic test is being developed using surface-enhanced, laser-desorption and ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry based on a pilot study in which putative biomarkers were identified. Finally, clinical trials are being planned; novel treatments that we believe are important to trial in patients with CFS are interferon-beta and one of the anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Kerr
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, St George's University of London, London, UK.
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Hodgetts A, Bossé JT, Kroll JS, Langford PR. Analysis of differential protein expression in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionisation—ProteinChip™ (SELDI) technology. Vet Microbiol 2004; 99:215-25. [PMID: 15066724 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2003] [Revised: 11/21/2003] [Accepted: 12/17/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the aetiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. An increased understanding of its molecular basis of pathogenicity and vaccine development will be facilitated by the availability of sequence data from a complete genome which, by analogy to other bacteria, is predicted to encode many proteins in the molecular mass range 3-20kDa. However, conventional techniques to study bacterial protein expression, such as SDS-PAGE and 2-dimensional electrophoresis, typically focus on the 15-200kDa range. In this study we have evaluated Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionisation-ProteinChip (SELDI) technology for the analysis of protein expression, in particular those of <20kDa, of APP grown under different environmental conditions. Cytoplasmic/periplasmic and outer membrane protein fractions were obtained from the APP wildtype serotype 1 strain 4074 grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth (+different concentrations of NAD), BHI containing pig serum or defined medium. Optimum conditions for SELDI profiles included a sample size of 1 microg and the use of sinapinic acid as the energy absorbing matrix. In the <20kDa range, the SELDI profiles obtained from wild-type bacteria grown in rich medium plus 33-66% pig serum were most similar to those grown in defined medium. The SELDI profiles of extracts of the wild-type and of an rpoE mutant were similar although there were clear differences. The results suggest that SELDI is a useful complementary approach to conventional proteomic analytical methods with APP, and presumably other bacterial pathogens, being particularly suited for analysis of proteins in the <20kDa mass range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hodgetts
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
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