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Stewart CE, Nañez A, Ayoola-Adeola M, Chase D. Reducing health disparities in endometrial cancer care in 2024. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2024; 36:18-22. [PMID: 37902961 PMCID: PMC10883863 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the most recent publications explaining disparities among patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer and identify areas of improvement. RECENT FINDINGS Racial disparities in endometrial cancer care have been identified along the cancer continuum including risk, diagnosis, access to treatment, and overall survival. The mortality gap in endometrial cancer is one of the top five widest Black-White mortality gaps among all cancer diagnoses in the United States. Many publications have demonstrated that the disparities exist, the aim of this review is to identify actionable areas of improvement. To mitigate racial disparities, we must acknowledge that Black patients are at higher risk of high-risk subtypes of endometrial cancer, and their presentation can vary from what is considered typical for the most common type of endometrial cancer. We must address that practice recommendations for diagnosis may not be generalizable to all races and ethnicities, and that racism has an impact on how providers approach a work-up for Black vs. White patients. Finally, we must improve access to appropriate treatment by steadfastly adhering to recommended practice guidelines regardless of race/ethnicity and improving efforts to enroll a diverse patient population to clinical trials. SUMMARY In this review, we sought to identify specific and actionable areas of improvement to reduce racial disparities in endometrial cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E Stewart
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Velez MA, Glenn BA, Garcia-Jimenez M, Cummings AL, Lisberg A, Nañez A, Radwan Y, Lind-Lebuffe JP, Brodrick PM, Li DY, Fernandez-Turizo MJ, Gower A, Lindenbaum M, Hegde M, Brook J, Grogan T, Elashoff D, Teitell MA, Garon EB. Consent document translation expense hinders inclusive clinical trial enrolment. Nature 2023; 620:855-862. [PMID: 37532930 PMCID: PMC11046417 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients from historically under-represented racial and ethnic groups are enrolled in cancer clinical trials at disproportionately low rates in the USA1-3. As these patients often have limited English proficiency4-7, we hypothesized that one barrier to their inclusion is the cost to investigators of translating consent documents. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated more than 12,000 consent events at a large cancer centre and assessed whether patients requiring translated consent documents would sign consent documents less frequently in studies lacking industry sponsorship (for which the principal investigator pays the translation costs) than for industry-sponsored studies (for which the translation costs are covered by the sponsor). Here we show that the proportion of consent events for patients with limited English proficiency in studies not sponsored by industry was approximately half of that seen in industry-sponsored studies. We also show that among those signing consent documents, the proportion of consent documents translated into the patient's primary language in studies without industry sponsorship was approximately half of that seen in industry-sponsored studies. The results suggest that the cost of consent document translation in trials not sponsored by industry could be a potentially modifiable barrier to the inclusion of patients with limited English proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Velez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beth A Glenn
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, University of Califonia, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Garcia-Jimenez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA-Olive View Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy L Cummings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Lisberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Nañez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yazeed Radwan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jackson P Lind-Lebuffe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paige M Brodrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Debory Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Arjan Gower
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maggie Lindenbaum
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manavi Hegde
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Brook
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tristan Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward B Garon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Velez MA, Lindenbaum M, Hegde M, Brook J, Nañez A, Lind-Lebuffe JP, Brodrick PM, Radwan Y, Fernandez Turizo MJ, Yessuf NM, Tsai HHC, Cummings AL, Lisberg AE, Elashoff D, Teitell M, Glenn BA, Garon EB. Cost of consent document (CD) translation is a potential barrier to consenting limited English-proficient participants (LEPPs) in non-industry–sponsored studies (NISS). J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.6533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6533 Background: Racial/ethnic minority patients (pts) are underrepresented in cancer clinical trials. Challenges specific to LEPPs include the need for translated CDs, which can cause research delays and add cost. While most enrollment barriers are similar between industry sponsored studies (ISS) and NISS, costs of CD translation are typically covered by the sponsor in ISS. NISS often have limited, or no funds allocated for CD translation. Although it is required that LEPPs sign translated CDs, we hypothesized that investigators on NISS would find ways to avoid incurring the cost of CD translation. Methods: All pts who consented to studies at the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center from 2013-2018 were included. Electronic health record data was reviewed. Adult LEPPs had a primary language other than English and their chart either flagged them as needing an interpreter or the pt used an interpreter in their care 6 months before or after the consent date. For pediatric patients, regardless of the pts primary language, LEPPs had a guardian who needed an interpreter within 6 months of the consent date. CD language was documented when available by chart review, but when not, we evaluated all IRB-approved CDs for the corresponding study and assumed that the pt signed appropriately translated CDs if available at the time of consent or within the following month. Chi square tests were used to compare the proportion of LEPPs who consented to NISS vs ISS and the proportion of LEPPs who consented with CDs not in their primary language. All analyses were performed using JMP, Version 16. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 19892021. Results: Although we do not have access to data on to whom consents were offered, of the 12202 consenting events during the study period, the proportion of consenting events for LEPPs was 2.7% in NISS vs 5.4% for ISS (p < 0.01). This difference did not appear to be driven by study type, as results were similar when only consenting events for interventional studies (n = 9886) were considered, with LEPPs representing 2.4% in NISS vs 5.5% in ISS (p < 0.01). Among LEPPs, 67.2% of participants who consented to NISS consented with CDs in a language other than their primary language vs 32.2% in ISS (p < 0.01). LEPPs who consented with language appropriate CDs represented 0.9% of those consenting to NISS vs 3.7% for ISS (p < 0.01). Conclusions: LEPPs consented less frequently to NISS compared to ISS, and when they did consent to NISS, the CDs were usually not translated into the pts primary language. We posit that the cost of translating CD discourages investigators from consenting LEPPs to NISS. Approaches that reduce or eliminate translation costs should increase the availability of translated CDs, potentially increasing enrollment of LEPPs to NISS while ensuring that they are fully informed about the purpose, procedures, and risks involved in these trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Velez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Manavi Hegde
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jenny Brook
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrea Nañez
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Paige M Brodrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yazeed Radwan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Nawal M Yessuf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Amy Lauren Cummings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aaron E. Lisberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Beth A Glenn
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Edward B. Garon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Nañez A, Stram DA, Bethan Powell C, Garcia C. Breast cancer risk in BRCA mutation carriers after diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer is lower than in carriers without ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2021; 39:100899. [PMID: 34917730 PMCID: PMC8666339 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2021.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rate of breast cancer diagnosis after ovarian cancer in women with BRCA pathogenic mutations was 14.5%. The majority of breast cancers, 87%, were diagnosed at stage 0-II. Median times from ovarian cancer to breast cancer diagnosis was 80 months.
Objective Evaluate the incidence and characteristics of breast cancers (BC) diagnosed following an epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) diagnosis in women with pathogenic BRCA mutations. Methods Retrospective cohort study of all women in an integrated healthcare system with BRCA mutations diagnosed with EOC from 1/1/1997–12/31/2018. Primary outcome was rate of subsequent BC diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included risk factors associated with development of BC, median time to detection following EOC, and method of detection. Results There were 284 women with BRCA-associated EOC identified. Fifty-two women had risk-reducing mastectomy and were excluded. Of the 232 eligible women with a median follow-up of 5.6 years, 33 (14%) women were diagnosed with BC following EOC: 27 (11%) new cases and 6 (3%) recurrences. Twelve (36%) cases of BC were detected on screening mammogram, 4 (12%) on screening MRI, and 9 (27%) on work-up after presenting with a palpable lump. Twenty-nine (87%) were early stage (0-II) disease. Median interval from EOC to BC diagnosis was 80 months (IQR 32, 134) for new and 63 months (IQR 21, 94) for recurrent BCs. There was one death from breast cancer while 12 women died of ovarian cancer. Conclusions Most BC following BRCA-associated EOC is early stage and not associated with mortality. Given BC rate similar to general population and median diagnosis at 6.6 years following ovarian cancer, increased BC screening may not be warranted in the early years after EOC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nañez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Douglas A. Stram
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - C. Bethan Powell
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Hereditary Cancer Program, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christine Garcia
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Hereditary Cancer Program, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Corresponding author at: Director Kaiser Permanente Northern California Hereditary Cancer Program, Gynecologic Oncologist Kaiser San Francisco, 2238 Geary Blvd 2nd floor, San Francisco, CA 94115, United States.
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