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Kraft TE, Richter WF, Emrich T, Knaupp A, Schuster M, Wolfert A, Kettenberger H. Heparin chromatography as an in vitro predictor for antibody clearance rate through pinocytosis. MAbs 2021; 12:1683432. [PMID: 31769731 PMCID: PMC6927760 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1683432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of therapeutic antibodies directly affect efficacy, dose and dose intervals, application route and tissue penetration. In indications where health-care providers and patients can choose between several efficacious and safe therapeutic options, convenience (determined by dosing interval or route of application), which is mainly driven by PK properties, can affect drug selection. Therapeutic antibodies can have greatly different PK even if they have identical Fc domains and show no target-mediated drug disposition. Biophysical properties like surface charge or hydrophobicity, and binding to surrogates for high abundant off-targets (e.g., baculovirus particles, Chinese hamster ovary cell membrane proteins) were proposed to be responsible for these differences. Here, we used heparin chromatography to separate a polyclonal mix of endogenous human IgGs (IVIG) into fractions that differ in their PK properties. Heparin was chosen as a surrogate for highly negatively charged glycocalyx components on endothelial cells, which are among the main contributors to nonspecific clearance. By directly correlating heparin retention time with clearance, we identified heparin chromatography as a tool to assess differences in unspecific cell-surface interaction and the likelihood for increased pinocytotic uptake and degradation. Building on these results, we combined predictors for FcRn-mediated recycling and cell-surface interaction. The combination of heparin and FcRn chromatography allow identification of antibodies with abnormal PK by mimicking the major root causes for fast, non-target-mediated, clearance of therapeutic, Fc-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Kraft
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang F Richter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Emrich
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Knaupp
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schuster
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wolfert
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Kettenberger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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Grathwohl S, Quansah E, Maroof N, Steiner JA, Spycher L, Benmansour F, Duran-Pacheco G, Siebourg-Polster J, Oroszlan-Szovik K, Remy H, Haenggi M, Stawiski M, Selhausen M, Mailver P, Wolfert A, Emrich T, Madaj Z, Su A, Escobar Galvis ML, Mueller C, Herrmann A, Brundin P, Britschgi M. Specific immune modulation of experimental colitis drives enteric alpha-synuclein accumulation and triggers age-related Parkinson-like brain pathology. Free Neuropathol 2021; 2:2-13. [PMID: 37284635 PMCID: PMC10209908 DOI: 10.17879/freeneuropathology-2021-3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: In some people with Parkinson's disease (PD), α-synuclein (αSyn) accumulation may begin in the enteric nervous system (ENS) decades before development of brain pathology and disease diagnosis. Objective: To determine how different types and severity of intestinal inflammation could trigger αSyn accumulation in the ENS and the subsequent development of αSyn brain pathology. Methods: We assessed the effects of modulating short- and long-term experimental colitis on αSyn accumulation in the gut of αSyn transgenic and wild type mice by immunostaining and gene expression analysis. To determine the long-term effect on the brain, we induced dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis in young αSyn transgenic mice and aged them under normal conditions up to 9 or 21 months before tissue analyses. Results: A single strong or sustained mild DSS colitis triggered αSyn accumulation in the submucosal plexus of wild type and αSyn transgenic mice, while short-term mild DSS colitis or inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide did not have such an effect. Genetic and pharmacological modulation of macrophage-associated pathways modulated the severity of enteric αSyn. Remarkably, experimental colitis at three months of age exacerbated the accumulation of aggregated phospho-Serine 129 αSyn in the midbrain (including the substantia nigra), in 21- but not 9-month-old αSyn transgenic mice. This increase in midbrain αSyn accumulation is accompanied by the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive nigral neurons. Conclusions: Our data suggest that specific types and severity of intestinal inflammation, mediated by monocyte/macrophage signaling, could play a critical role in the initiation and progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Grathwohl
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Emmanuel Quansah
- Parkinson’s Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USAUnited States
| | - Nazia Maroof
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Jennifer A. Steiner
- Parkinson’s Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USAUnited States
| | - Liz Spycher
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Fethalla Benmansour
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Gonzalo Duran-Pacheco
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Juliane Siebourg-Polster
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Krisztina Oroszlan-Szovik
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Helga Remy
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Markus Haenggi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Marc Stawiski
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Selhausen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Pierre Mailver
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Wolfert
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg, GermanyGermany
| | - Thomas Emrich
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg, GermanyGermany
| | - Zachary Madaj
- Parkinson’s Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USAUnited States
| | - Arel Su
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Martha L. Escobar Galvis
- Parkinson’s Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USAUnited States
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Annika Herrmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Parkinson’s Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave. NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USAUnited States
| | - Markus Britschgi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
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Stracke J, Emrich T, Rueger P, Schlothauer T, Kling L, Knaupp A, Hertenberger H, Wolfert A, Spick C, Lau W, Drabner G, Reiff U, Koll H, Papadimitriou A. A novel approach to investigate the effect of methionine oxidation on pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic antibodies. MAbs 2014; 6:1229-42. [PMID: 25517308 PMCID: PMC4622569 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.29601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving the chemical and structural integrity of therapeutic antibodies during manufacturing and storage is a major challenge during pharmaceutical development. Oxidation of Fc methionines Met252 and Met428 is frequently observed, which leads to reduced affinity to FcRn and faster plasma clearance if present at high levels. Because oxidation occurs in both positions simultaneously, their individual contribution to the concomitant changes in pharmacokinetic properties has not been clearly established. A novel pH-gradient FcRn affinity chromatography method was applied to isolate three antibody oxidation variants from an oxidized IgG1 preparation based on their FcRn binding properties. Physico-chemical characterization revealed that the three oxidation variants differed predominantly in the number of oxMet252 per IgG (0, 1, or 2), but not significantly in the content of oxMet428. Corresponding to the increase in oxMet252 content, stepwise reduction of FcRn affinity in vitro, as well as faster clearance and shorter terminal half-life, in huFcRn-transgenic mice were observed. A single Met252 oxidation per antibody had no significant effect on pharmacokinetics (PK) compared with unmodified IgG. Importantly, only molecules with both heavy chains oxidized at Met252 exhibited significantly faster clearance. In contrast, Met428 oxidation had no apparent negative effect on PK and even led to somewhat improved FcRn binding and slower clearance. This minor effect, however, seemed to be abrogated by the dominant effect of Met252 oxidation. The novel approach of functional chromatographic separation of IgG oxidation variants followed by physico-chemical and biological characterization has yielded the first experimentally-backed explanation for the unaltered PK properties of antibody preparations containing relatively high Met252 and Met428 oxidation levels.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under the concentration-time curve
- Antibody
- ESI-MS, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
- Fab, antigen-binding fragment
- Fc, crystallizable fragment
- FcRn
- FcRn, neonatal Fc receptor
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- Met, methionine
- Met252
- Met428
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- RU, response units
- SEC, size exclusion chromatography
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- affinity chromatography
- column
- degradation
- m/z, mass-to-charge ratio
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- methionine oxidation
- neonatal Fc receptor
- pH gradient
- pharmacokinetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stracke
- a Biochemical and Analytical Research; Large Molecule Research ; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED); Roche Innovation Center ; Penzberg , Germany
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