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Abstract
The mechanical properties of the cellular microenvironment can impact many aspects of cell behavior, including molecular processes in the nucleus. Recent studies indicate that the LINC complex and its associated nuclear envelope transmit and transduce mechanical stress into biochemical pathways that ultimately regulate nuclear structure or gene expression. Here we describe a method to apply tensional forces to the LINC complex of isolated nuclei. Using magnetic beads and magnets, this technique can be used to explore the biochemical pathways that are activated in response to tension applied to the surface of isolated nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejma Belaadi
- l'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Angélique Millon-Frémillon
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de recherche UGA-INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Aureille
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de recherche UGA-INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Guilluy
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de recherche UGA-INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France.
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2
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Abstract
Mechanosensitive cell surface adhesion complexes allow cells to sense the mechanical properties of their surroundings. Recent studies have identified both force-sensing molecules at adhesion sites, and force-dependent transcription factors that regulate lineage-specific gene expression and drive phenotypic outputs. However, the signaling networks converting mechanical tension into biochemical pathways have remained elusive. To explore the signaling pathways engaged upon mechanical tension applied to cell surface receptor, superparamagnetic microbeads can be used. Here we present a protocol for using magnetic beads to apply forces to cell surface adhesion proteins. Using this approach, it is possible to investigate not only force-dependent cytoplasmic signaling pathways by various biochemical approaches, but also adhesion remodeling by magnetic isolation of adhesion complexes attached to the ligand-coated beads. This protocol includes the preparation of ligand-coated superparamagnetic beads, and the application of define tensile forces followed by biochemical analyses. Additionally, we provide a representative sample of data demonstrating that tension applied to integrin-based adhesion triggers adhesion remodeling and alters protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Aureille
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de recherche UGA - INSERM U1209 - CNRS UMR
| | - Christophe Guilluy
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de recherche UGA - INSERM U1209 - CNRS UMR;
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3
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Horton ER, Byron A, Askari JA, Ng DHJ, Millon-Frémillon A, Robertson J, Koper EJ, Paul NR, Warwood S, Knight D, Humphries JD, Humphries MJ. Definition of a consensus integrin adhesome and its dynamics during adhesion complex assembly and disassembly. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1577-1587. [PMID: 26479319 PMCID: PMC4663675 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Integrin receptor activation initiates the formation of integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) at the cell membrane that transduce adhesion-dependent signals to control a multitude of cellular functions. Proteomic analyses of isolated IACs have revealed an unanticipated molecular complexity; however, a global view of the consensus composition and dynamics of IACs is lacking. Here, we have integrated several IAC proteomes and generated a 2,412-protein integrin adhesome. Analysis of this data set reveals the functional diversity of proteins in IACs and establishes a consensus adhesome of 60 proteins. The consensus adhesome is likely to represent a core cell adhesion machinery, centred around four axes comprising ILK-PINCH-kindlin, FAK-paxillin, talin-vinculin and α-actinin-zyxin-VASP, and includes underappreciated IAC components such as Rsu-1 and caldesmon. Proteomic quantification of IAC assembly and disassembly detailed the compositional dynamics of the core cell adhesion machinery. The definition of this consensus view of integrin adhesome components provides a resource for the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R. Horton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Janet A. Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Daniel H. J. Ng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Angélique Millon-Frémillon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Joseph Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ewa J. Koper
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nikki R. Paul
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stacey Warwood
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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4
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Ajeian JN, Horton ER, Astudillo P, Byron A, Askari JA, Millon-Frémillon A, Knight D, Kimber SJ, Humphries MJ, Humphries JD. Proteomic analysis of integrin-associated complexes from mesenchymal stem cells. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:51-7. [PMID: 26147903 PMCID: PMC4737105 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capability to differentiate down adipocyte, osteocyte and chondrocyte lineages and as such offer a range of potential therapeutic applications. The composition and stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment that surrounds cells dictates their transcriptional programme, thereby affecting stem cell lineage decision‐making. Cells sense force via linkages between themselves and their microenvironment, and this is transmitted by integrin receptors and associated adhesion signalling complexes. To identify regulators of MSC force sensing, we sought to catalogue MSC integrin‐associated adhesion complex composition. Experimental design Adhesion complexes formed by MSCs plated on the ECM ligand fibronectin were isolated and characterised by MS. Identified proteins were interrogated by comparison to a literature‐based reference set of cell adhesion‐related components and using ontological and protein–protein interaction network analyses. Results Adhesion complex‐specific proteins in MSCs were identified that comprised predominantly cell adhesion‐related adaptors and actin cytoskeleton regulators. Furthermore, LIM domain‐containing proteins in MSC adhesion complexes were highlighted, which may act as force‐sensing components. Conclusion and clinical relevance These data provide a valuable resource of information regarding the molecular connections that link integrins and adhesion signalling in MSCs, and as such may present novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jila N Ajeian
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Edward R Horton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pablo Astudillo
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Angélique Millon-Frémillon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- North West Embryonic Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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5
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Millon-Frémillon A, Brunner M, Abed N, Collomb E, Ribba AS, Block MR, Albigès-Rizo C, Bouvard D. Calcium and calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase type II (CaMKII)-mediated intramolecular opening of integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein-1 (ICAP-1α) negatively regulates β1 integrins. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:20248-60. [PMID: 23720740 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.455956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion turnover during cell migration is an integrated cyclic process requiring tight regulation of integrin function. Interaction of integrin with its ligand depends on its activation state, which is regulated by the direct recruitment of proteins onto the β integrin chain cytoplasmic domain. We previously reported that ICAP-1α, a specific cytoplasmic partner of β1A integrins, limits both talin and kindlin interaction with β1 integrin, thereby restraining focal adhesion assembly. Here we provide evidence that the calcium and calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase type II (CaMKII) is an important regulator of ICAP-1α for controlling focal adhesion dynamics. CaMKII directly phosphorylates ICAP-1α and disrupts an intramolecular interaction between the N- and the C-terminal domains of ICAP-1α, unmasking the PTB domain, thereby permitting ICAP-1α binding onto the β1 integrin tail. ICAP-1α direct interaction with the β1 integrin tail and the modulation of β1 integrin affinity state are required for down-regulating focal adhesion assembly. Our results point to a molecular mechanism for the phosphorylation-dependent control of ICAP-1α function by CaMKII, allowing the dynamic control of β1 integrin activation and cell adhesion.
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Brunner M, Millon-Frémillon A, Chevalier G, Nakchbandi IA, Mosher D, Block MR, Albigès-Rizo C, Bouvard D. Osteoblast mineralization requires β1 integrin/ICAP-1–dependent fibronectin deposition. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2013. [PMCID: PMC3653352 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.20100710804302013c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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7
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Brunner M, Millon-Frémillon A, Chevalier G, Nakchbandi IA, Mosher D, Block MR, Albigès-Rizo C, Bouvard D. Osteoblast mineralization requires b1 integrin/ICAP-1–dependent fibronectin deposition. J Exp Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1084/jem2088oia26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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8
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Brunner M, Millon-Frémillon A, Chevalier G, Nakchbandi IA, Mosher D, Block MR, Albigès-Rizo C, Bouvard D. Osteoblast mineralization requires beta1 integrin/ICAP-1-dependent fibronectin deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 194:307-22. [PMID: 21768292 PMCID: PMC3144405 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201007108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ICAP-1 prevents recruitment of kindlin-2 to β1 integrin to control
dynamics of fibrillar adhesion sites, fibronectin deposition, and osteoblast
mineralization during bone formation. The morphogenetic and differentiation events required for bone formation are
orchestrated by diffusible and insoluble factors that are localized within the
extracellular matrix. In mice, the deletion of ICAP-1, a modulator of β1
integrin activation, leads to severe defects in osteoblast proliferation,
differentiation, and mineralization and to a delay in bone formation. Deposition
of fibronectin and maturation of fibrillar adhesions, adhesive structures that
accompany fibronectin deposition, are impaired upon ICAP-1 loss, as are type I
collagen deposition and mineralization. Expression of β1 integrin with a
mutated binding site for ICAP-1 recapitulates the ICAP-1–null phenotype.
Follow-up experiments demonstrated that ICAP-1 negatively regulates kindlin-2
recruitment onto the β1 integrin cytoplasmic domain, whereas an excess of
kindlin-2 binding has a deleterious effect on fibrillar adhesion formation.
These results suggest that ICAP-1 works in concert with kindlin-2 to control the
dynamics of β1 integrin–containing fibrillar adhesions and,
thereby, regulates fibronectin deposition and osteoblast mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Brunner
- Equipe 1 Dynamique des Systèmes d'Adhérence et Différenciation Cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 09, France
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Régent M, Planus E, Bouin AP, Bouvard D, Brunner M, Faurobert E, Millon-Frémillon A, Block MR, Albiges-Rizo C. Specificities of β1 integrin signaling in the control of cell adhesion and adhesive strength. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 90:261-9. [PMID: 20971526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells exert actomyosin contractility and cytoskeleton-dependent force in response to matrix stiffness cues. Cells dynamically adapt to force by modifying their behavior and remodeling their microenvironment. This adaptation is favored by integrin activation switch and their ability to modulate their clustering and the assembly of an intracellular hub in response to force. Indeed integrins are mechanoreceptors and mediate mechanotransduction by transferring forces to specific adhesion proteins into focal adhesions which are sensitive to tension and activate intracellular signals. α(5)β(1) integrin is considered of major importance for the formation of an elaborate meshwork of fibronectin fibrils and for the extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling. Here we summarize recent progress in the study of mechanisms regulating the activation cycle of β(1) integrin and the specificity of α(5)β(1) integrin in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Régent
- INSERM U823 Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier, France
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10
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Millon-Frémillon A, Bouvard D, Grichine A, Manet-Dupé S, Block MR, Albiges-Rizo C. Cell adaptive response to extracellular matrix density is controlled by ICAP-1-dependent beta1-integrin affinity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 180:427-41. [PMID: 18227284 PMCID: PMC2213582 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200707142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is an integrated process requiring the continuous coordinated assembly and disassembly of adhesion structures. How cells orchestrate adhesion turnover is only partially understood. We provide evidence for a novel mechanistic insight into focal adhesion (FA) dynamics by demonstrating that integrin cytoplasmic domain–associated protein 1 (ICAP-1) slows down FA assembly. Live cell imaging, which was performed in both Icap-1–deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts and cells expressing active β1 integrin, shows that the integrin high affinity state favored by talin is antagonistically controlled by ICAP-1. This affinity switch results in modulation in the speed of FA assembly and, consequently, of cell spreading and migration. Unexpectedly, the ICAP-1–dependent decrease in integrin affinity allows cell sensing of matrix surface density, suggesting that integrin conformational changes are important in mechanotransduction. Our results clarify the function of ICAP-1 in cell adhesion and highlight the central role it plays in the cell's integrated response to the extracellular microenvironment.
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