1
|
Brito-Santos F, Trilles L, Firacative C, Wanke B, Carvalho-Costa FA, Nishikawa MM, Pereira Campos J, Junqueira ACV, de Souza AC, dos Santos Lazéra M, Meyer W. Indoor Dust as a Source of Virulent Strains of the Agents of Cryptococcosis in the Rio Negro Micro-Region of the Brazilian Amazon. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050682. [PMID: 32392852 PMCID: PMC7284895 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis, a potentially fatal mycosis in humans, is acquired via exposure to exogenous environmental sources. This study aimed to investigate the frequency, genetic diversity, and virulence of cryptococcal strains isolated from indoor dust in the Rio Negro micro-region of the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 8.9% of the studied houses were positive, recovering nine Cryptococcus neoformans VNI and 16 C. gattii VGII isolates, revealing an endemic pattern in domestic microenvironments. The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) consensus multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for the C. neoformans/C. gattii species complexes identified two sequence types (STs), ST93 and ST5, amongst C. neoformans isolates and six STs amongst C. gattii isolates, including the Vancouver Island Outbreak ST7 (VGIIa) and ST20 (VGIIb), the Australian ST5, and ST264, ST268 and ST445, being unique to the studied region. Virulence studies in the Galleria mellonella model showed that five C.gattii strains and one C. neoformans strain showed a similar pathogenic potential to the highly virulent Vancouver Island outbreak strain CDR265 (VGIIa). The findings of this study indicate that humans can be exposed to the agents of cryptococcosis via house dust, forming the basis for future studies to analyze the impact of early and continuous exposure to indoor dust on the development of subclinical or clinical infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Brito-Santos
- Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil (L.T.); (B.W.); (J.P.C.); (M.S.L.)
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Westmead Clinical School, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital (Research and Education Network), Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia;
| | - Luciana Trilles
- Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil (L.T.); (B.W.); (J.P.C.); (M.S.L.)
| | - Carolina Firacative
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Westmead Clinical School, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital (Research and Education Network), Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia;
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 541038, Colombia
| | - Bodo Wanke
- Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil (L.T.); (B.W.); (J.P.C.); (M.S.L.)
| | - Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Systematics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Jonas Pereira Campos
- Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil (L.T.); (B.W.); (J.P.C.); (M.S.L.)
| | | | - Amanda Coutinho de Souza
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (A.C.V.J.)
| | - Márcia dos Santos Lazéra
- Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil (L.T.); (B.W.); (J.P.C.); (M.S.L.)
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil (L.T.); (B.W.); (J.P.C.); (M.S.L.)
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Westmead Clinical School, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital (Research and Education Network), Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-86273430
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Souza AC, Catalá S, Carbajal de la Fuente AL, Junqueira ACV. Phenotypic Variability of the Amazonian Species Rhodnius brethesi (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 2017; 54:909-916. [PMID: 28449112 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The wild species Rhodnius brethesi (Matta, 1919) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is found in areas of piassabais in microregion of Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Its geographical distribution overlaps the areas of Leopoldinia piassaba palm. In areas where palm trees are found, transmission cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi is related to the extractive activity of the palm fiber, exposing workers to wild vector transmission of this parasite. The close association with the palm tree L. piassaba suggests that this wild triatomine has special features in its sensory system allowing specificity of ecotope. The objective of the study is to identify the antennal sensilla phenotype and morphologically characterize the size and shape of the wings of wild R. brethesi, and to compare with the phenotype present in individuals reared in the laboratory. From the samples taken in the field, the presence of the species R. brethesi was found on both banks of the Rio Negro. The techniques used to verify the morphological patterns are important resources for observations of the triatomine populations, be they in an artificial or natural habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Souza
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Fiocruz - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S Catalá
- Reference Laboratory for Sensory Patterns - CRILAR, Argentina
| | - A L Carbajal de la Fuente
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, IEGEBA - CONICET, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A C V Junqueira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Fiocruz - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pinto AYDN, Valente VDC, Coura JR, Valente SADS, Junqueira ACV, Santos LC, Ferreira AG, de Macedo RC. Clinical follow-up of responses to treatment with benznidazol in Amazon: a cohort study of acute Chagas disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64450. [PMID: 23724050 PMCID: PMC3664625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 179 individuals with acute Chagas disease mainly transmitted by oral source, from Pará and Amapá State, Amazonian, Brazil were included during the period from 1988 to 2005. Blood samples were used to survey peripheral blood for T. cruzi hemoparasites by quantitative buffy coat (QBC), indirect xenodiagnosis, blood culture and serology to detection of total IgM and anti-T. cruzi IgG antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and indirect hemagglutination assay (HA). All assays were performed pre-treatment (0 days) and repeated 35 (±7) and 68 (±6) days after the initiation of treatment with benznidazol and every 6 months while remained seropositive. The endpoint of collection was performed in 2005. Total medium period of follow-up per person was 5.6 years. Also, a blood sample was collected from 72 randomly chosen treated patients to perform polimerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Proportions of subjects with negative or positive serology according to the number of years after treatment were compared. In the endpoint of follow-up we found 47 patients (26.7%) serologically negative, therefore considered cured and 5 (2.7%) exhibited mild cardiac Chagas disease. Other 132 patients had persistent positive serologic tests. The PCR carried out in 72 individuals was positive in 9.8%. Added, there was evidence of therapeutic failure immediately following treatment, as demonstrated by xenodiagnosis and blood culture methods in 2.3% and 3.5% of cases, respectively. There was a strong evidence of antibody clearing in the fourth year after treatment and continuous decrease of antibody titers. Authors suggest that control programs should apply operational researches with new drug interventions four years after the acute phase for those treated patients with persistently positive serology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Yecê das Neves Pinto
- Clinical epidemiologic Department of Evandro Chagas Institute-SOAMU-IEC-Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Brazil Ministery Health-SVS/MS, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aguilar HM, Abad-Franch F, Dias JCP, Junqueira ACV, Coura JR. Chagas disease in the Amazon Region. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 102 Suppl 1:47-56. [PMID: 17891274 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007005000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk that Chagas disease becomes established as a major endemic threat in Amazonia (the world's largest tropical biome, today inhabited by over 30 million people) relates to a complex set of interacting biological and social determinants. These include intense immigration from endemic areas (possibly introducing parasites and vectors), extensive landscape transformation with uncontrolled deforestation, and the great diversity of wild Trypanosoma cruzi reservoir hosts and vectors (25 species in nine genera), which maintain intense sylvatic transmission cycles. Invasion of houses by adventitious vectors (with infection rates > 60%) is common, and focal adaptation of native triatomines to artificial structures has been reported. Both acute (approximately 500) and chronic cases of autochthonous human Chagas disease have been documented beyond doubt in the region. Continuous, low-intensity transmission seems to occur throughout the Amazon, and generates a hypoendemic pattern with seropositivity rates of approximately 1-3%. Discrete foci also exist in which transmission is more intense (e.g., in localized outbreaks probably linked to oral transmission) and prevalence rates higher. Early detection-treatment of acute cases is crucial for avoiding further dispersion of endemic transmission of Chagas disease in Amazonia, and will require the involvement of malaria control and primary health care systems. Comprehensive eco-epidemiological research, including prevalence surveys or the characterization of transmission dynamics in different ecological settings, is still needed. The International Initiative for Chagas Disease Surveillance and Prevention in the Amazon provides the framework for building up the political and scientific cooperation networks required to confront the challenge of preventing Chagas disease in Amazonia.
Collapse
|
5
|
Maia Da Silva F, Junqueira ACV, Campaner M, Rodrigues AC, Crisante G, Ramirez LE, Caballero ZCE, Monteiro FA, Coura JR, Añez N, Teixeira MMG. Comparative phylogeography of Trypanosoma rangeli and Rhodnius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) supports a long coexistence of parasite lineages and their sympatric vectors. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:3361-73. [PMID: 17688539 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To make reliable interpretations about evolutionary relationships between Trypanosoma rangeli lineages and their insect vectors (triatomine bugs of the genus Rhodnius) and, thus, about the determinant factors of lineage segregation within T. rangeli, we compared phylogenies of parasite isolates and vector species. Sixty-one T. rangeli isolates from invertebrate and vertebrate hosts were initially evaluated in terms of polymorphism of the spliced-leader gene (SL). Further analysis based on SL and SSUrRNA sequences from 33 selected isolates, representative of the overall phylogenetic diversity and geographical range of T. rangeli, supported four phylogenetic lineages within this species. By comparing the phylogeny of Rhodnius species with that inferred for T. rangeli isolates and through analysis of the geographical range of the isolates, we showed that there is a very significant overlap in the distribution of Rhodnius species and T. rangeli lineages. Congruence between phylogeographical analysis of both T. rangeli lineages and complexes of Rhodnius species are consistent with the hypothesis of a long coexistence of parasites and their vectors, with lineage divergence associated with sympatric species of Rhodnius apparently without association with particular vertebrate hosts. Separation of T. rangeli isolates from vectors of distinct complexes living in sympatry favours the absence of gene flow between the lineages and suggests evolution of T. rangeli lineages in independent transmission cycles, probably associated to specific Rhodnius spp. ecotopes. A polymerase chain reaction assay based on SL intergenic sequences was developed for simultaneous identification and lineage genotyping of T. rangeli in epidemiological surveys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Maia Da Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Da-Cruz AM, Igreja RP, Dantas W, Junqueira ACV, Pacheco RS, Silva-Gonçalves AJ, Pirmez C. Long-term follow-up of co-infected HIV and Trypanosoma cruzi Brazilian patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2005; 98:728-33. [PMID: 15485703 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2003] [Revised: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 01/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Three cases of Trypanosoma cruzi-HIV co-infected haemophiliacs are described. Parasitological (xenodiagnosis, haemoculture, PCR) and immunological (CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, in vitro lymphoproliferative responses) studies were performed. Hybridization of isolated parasites with a specific probe confirmed the T. cruzi aetiology. We observed that despite the high parasitaemia, no clinical or parasitological evidence of T. cruzi reactivation was detected. CD4+ T cells decreased with time in two patients and the lymphocyte proliferative response to T. cruzi was very low in all patients. These data suggest that T. cruzi infection may have a long silent course in immunosuppressed HIV patients. Therefore, this parasitic infection should be investigated in any AIDS patient coming from areas endemic for Chagas' disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Da-Cruz
- Laboratório de Imunidade Celular e Humoral em Protozooses, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Da Silva FM, Noyes H, Campaner M, Junqueira ACV, Coura JR, Añez N, Shaw JJ, Stevens JR, Teixeira MMG. Phylogeny, taxonomy and grouping of Trypanosoma rangeli isolates from man, triatomines and sylvatic mammals from widespread geographical origin based on SSU and ITS ribosomal sequences. Parasitology 2004; 129:549-61. [PMID: 15552400 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004005931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships among Trypanosoma rangeli isolates from man, wild mammals and triatomine bugs from widespread geographical origin were inferred by comparison of the small subunit of ribosomal gene sequences. The phylogenetic trees indicated that the subgenus Herpetosoma is polyphyletic and strongly supported division of this group into two monophyletic lineages, one made up of T. rangeli, T. rangeli-like and allied species and other consisting of T. lewisi and related taxa. Based on phylogenetic analysis, morphology, behaviour in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts and epidemiology we propose: a) the validation of Herpetosoma as a taxon comprised only for species of group lewisi and the maintenance of T. lewisi as the type-species of this subgenus; b) the classification of T. rangeli, T. rangeli-like and allied species into a ‘T. rangeli-clade’ more closely related to Schizotrypanum than to T. lewisi or T. brucei. The phylogenetic tree disclosed at least 4 groups within the clade T. rangeli, all confirmed by polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer, thus conferring for the first time phylogenetic support to groups of T. rangeli and corroborating the high complexity of this taxon. Grouping was independent of their mammalian host-species and geographical origin, indicating that other factors are determining this segregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Maia Da Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maia da Silva F, Rodrigues AC, Campaner M, Takata CSA, Brigido MC, Junqueira ACV, Coura JR, Takeda GF, Shaw JJ, Teixeira MMG. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Trypanosoma rangeli and allied species from human, monkeys and other sylvatic mammals of the Brazilian Amazon disclosed a new group and a species-specific marker. Parasitology 2004; 128:283-94. [PMID: 15074877 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182003004554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We characterized 14 trypanosome isolates from sylvatic mammals (9 from primates, 1 from sloth, 2 from anteaters and 2 from opossum) plus 2 human isolates of Brazilian Amazon. These isolates were proven to be Trypanosoma rangeli by detection of metacyclic trypomastigotes in the salivary glands of triatomines and by a specific PCR assay. Polymorphism determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) revealed that most (12) of the Brazilian T. rangeli isolates from the Amazon differed from those of other geographical regions, thus constituting a new group of T. rangeli. Four Brazilian isolates clustered together with a previously described group (A) that was described as being composed of being isolates from Colombia and Venezuela. Isolates from Panama and El Salvador form another group. The isolate from Southern Brazil did not cluster to any of the above-mentioned groups. This is the first study that assesses the genetic relationship of a large number of isolates from wild mammals, especially from non-human primates. A randomly-amplified DNA fragment (Tra625) exclusive to T. rangeli was used to develop a PCR assay able to detect all T. rangeli groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Maia da Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Coura JR, Junqueira ACV, Boia MN, Fernandes O, Bonfante C, Campos JE, Santos L, Devera R. Chagas disease in the Brazilian Amazon: IV. a new cross-sectional study. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2002; 44:159-65. [PMID: 12163910 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652002000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new conglomerate family sample of 194 dwellings with 996 resident persons were studied in the town of Barcelos, State of Amazonas, in order to re-evaluate the risk of Chagas disease. During the survey the persons were interviewed and in this occasion we showed to them a collection of Panstrongylus, Rhodnius and Triatoma, asking if they recognized and eventually have been bitten by this kind of bugs. At this time we collected 500 ul of blood in microtainer tubes from 886 interviewed persons who gave permission after informed consent. A screening test for T. cruzi antibodies based on agglutination of colored polymer particles, sensitized with three different synthetic peptides of T. cruzi (ID-PaGIA Chagas Test), showed 13.2% of sera positivity, but only 6.8% were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence, and ELISA with purified T. cruzi antigens. Two hundred and six interviewed persons (20.7%) recognized the triatomines, as "piaçavas' lice" and 62 (30%) confirmed that have been bitten by the bugs, 25.8% of them had a positive serology for T. cruzi infection. Electrocardiographic alterations were shown in 9.3% of the seropositives and in 11.9% of the seronegative cases. This was considered not statistically significant.
Collapse
|