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Soyka MB, Holzmann D, Basinski TM, Wawrzyniak M, Bannert C, Bürgler S, Akkoc T, Treis A, Rückert B, Akdis M, Akdis CA, Eiwegger T. The Induction of IL-33 in the Sinus Epithelium and Its Influence on T-Helper Cell Responses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123163. [PMID: 25932636 PMCID: PMC4416791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by epithelial activation and chronic T-cell infiltration in sinonasal mucosa and nasal polyps. IL-33 is a new cytokine of the IL-1 cytokine family that has a pro-inflammatory and Th2 type cytokine induction property. The role of IL-33 in the pathomechanisms of CRS and its interaction with other T cell subsets remain to be fully understood. METHODS The main trigger for IL-33 mRNA expression in primary human sinonasal epithelial cells was determined in multiple cytokine and T-cell stimulated cultures. The effects of IL-33 on naïve, Th0 and memory T-cells was studied by PCR, ELISA and flow cytometry. Biopsies from sinus tissue were analyzed by PCR and immunofluorescence for the presence of different cytokines and receptors with a special focus on IL-33. RESULTS IL-33 was mainly induced by IFN-γ in primary sinonasal epithelial cells, and induced a typical CRSwNP Th2 favoring cytokine profile upon co-culture with T-helper cell subsets. IL-33 and its receptor ST2 were highly expressed in the inflamed epithelial tissue of CRS patients. While IL-33 was significantly up-regulated in the epithelium for CRSsNP, its receptor was higher expressed in sinus tissue from CRSwNP. CONCLUSIONS The present study delineates the influence of IL-33 in upper airway epithelium and a potential role of IL-33 in chronic inflammation of CRSwNP by enhancing Th2 type cytokine production, which could both contribute to a further increase of an established Th2 profile in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Soyka
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Holzmann
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz M. Basinski
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Christina Bannert
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Pediatrics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Bürgler
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Tunc Akkoc
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Angela Treis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Beate Rückert
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Pediatrics, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Geisler S, Holmström KM, Treis A, Skujat D, Weber SS, Fiesel FC, Kahle PJ, Springer W. The PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is compromised by PD-associated mutations. Autophagy 2014; 6:871-8. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.6.7.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Zaleska A, Eiwegger T, Soyer Ö, van de Veen W, Rhyner C, Soyka MB, Bekpen C, Demiröz D, Treis A, Söllner S, Palomares O, Kwok WW, Rose H, Senti G, Kündig TM, Ozoren N, Jutel M, Akdis CA, Crameri R, Akdis M. Immune regulation by intralymphatic immunotherapy with modular allergen translocation MAT vaccine. Allergy 2014; 69:1162-70. [PMID: 24934402 DOI: 10.1111/all.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) faces problems related to side effects and limited efficacy. Direct administration of allergen extracts into lymph nodes induces increased specific IgG production and T-cell responses using significantly lower allergen doses. METHODS In this study, mechanisms of immune regulation by MAT vaccines in vitro and in allergen-SIT of cat-allergic rhinitis patients, who received 3 inguinal intra-lymph node injections of MAT-Fel d 1 vaccine, were investigated in PBMC and cell cultures for specific T-cell proliferation, Fel d 1-tetramer-specific responses, and multiple immune regulatory molecules. RESULTS MAT-Fel d 1 vaccine was efficiently internalized by antigen-presenting cells. This was followed by precaspase 1 cleavage to caspase 1 and secretion of IL-1β, indicating inflammasome activation. Mat-Fel d 1 induced specific T-cell proliferation and an IL-10- and IFN-γ-dominated T-cell responses with decreased Th2 cytokines at 100 times lower doses than Fel d 1. Induction of immune tolerance by MAT-Fel d 1-ILIT involved multiple mechanisms of immune suppression. Early Fel d 1-specific T-cell activation was followed by full T-cell unresponsiveness to allergen after 1 year in the MAT-Fel d 1 group, characterized by increased allergen-specific T regulatory cells, decreased circulating Fel d 1 tetramer-positive cells, increased IL-10 and FOXP3 expression, and change in the HR2/HR1 ratio toward HR2. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the induction of allergen tolerance after 3 intra-lymph node injections of MAT-Fel d 1 vaccine, mediated by increased cellular internalization of the allergen, activation of inflammasome, and generation of allergen-specific peripheral T-cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zaleska
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Geriatry and Allergology; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
| | - T. Eiwegger
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Ö. Soyer
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
| | - W. van de Veen
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
| | - C. Rhyner
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
| | - M. B. Soyka
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
| | - C. Bekpen
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Center for Life Sciences and Technology Research; Bogazici University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - D. Demiröz
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Center for Life Sciences and Technology Research; Bogazici University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - A. Treis
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
| | - S. Söllner
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
| | - O. Palomares
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - W. W. Kwok
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; Seattle WA USA
| | - H. Rose
- ImVisioN GmbH; Hannover Germany
| | - G. Senti
- Clinical Trials Center; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - T. M. Kündig
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - N. Ozoren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Center for Life Sciences and Technology Research; Bogazici University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - M. Jutel
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
| | - C. A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
| | - R. Crameri
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
| | - M. Akdis
- Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); Davos Switzerland
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Rebane A, Runnel T, Aab A, Maslovskaja J, Rückert B, Zimmermann M, Plaas M, Kärner J, Treis A, Pihlap M, Haljasorg U, Hermann H, Nagy N, Kemeny L, Erm T, Kingo K, Li M, Boldin MP, Akdis CA. MicroRNA-146a alleviates chronic skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis through suppression of innate immune responses in keratinocytes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:836-847.e11. [PMID: 24996260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with elevated expression of proinflammatory genes and activation of innate immune responses in keratinocytes. microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded RNA molecules that silence genes via the degradation of target mRNAs or inhibition of translation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-146a in skin inflammation in AD. METHODS RNA and protein expression was analyzed using miRNA and mRNA arrays, RT-quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and immunonohistochemistry. Transfection of miR-146a precursors and inhibitors into human primary keratinocytes, luciferase assays, and MC903-dependent mouse model of AD were used to study miR-146a function. RESULTS We show that miR-146a expression is increased in keratinocytes and chronic lesional skin of patients with AD. miR-146a inhibited the expression of numerous proinflammatory factors, including IFN-γ-inducible and AD-associated genes CCL5, CCL8, and ubiquitin D (UBD) in human primary keratinocytes stimulated with IFN-γ, TNF-α, or IL-1β. In a mouse model of AD, miR-146a-deficient mice developed stronger inflammation characterized by increased accumulation of infiltrating cells in the dermis, elevated expression of IFN-γ, CCL5, CCL8, and UBD in the skin, and IFN-γ, IL-1β, and UBD in draining lymph nodes. Both tissue culture and in vivo experiments in mice demonstrated that miR-146a-mediated suppression in allergic skin inflammation partially occurs through direct targeting of upstream nuclear factor kappa B signal transducers caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 10 and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1. In addition, human CCL5 was determined as a novel, direct target of miR-146a. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that miR-146a controls nuclear factor kappa B-dependent inflammatory responses in keratinocytes and chronic skin inflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rebane
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Toomas Runnel
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alar Aab
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Julia Maslovskaja
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Beate Rückert
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Maya Zimmermann
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mario Plaas
- Transgenic Technology Core Laboratory, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaanika Kärner
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Angela Treis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Maire Pihlap
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Uku Haljasorg
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helen Hermann
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nikoletta Nagy
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemeny
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Triin Erm
- Department of Pathology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mei Li
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Mark P Boldin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, Calif
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
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Tiringer K, Treis A, Kanolzer S, Witt C, Ghanim B, Gruber S, Schmidthaler K, Renner S, Dehlink E, Nachbaur E, Frischer T, Klepetko W, Akdis CA, Szépfalusi Z, Eiwegger T. Differential expression of IL-33 and HMGB1 in the lungs of stable cystic fibrosis patients. Eur Respir J 2014; 44:802-5. [PMID: 24969657 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00046614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Tiringer
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Treis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kanolzer
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Witt
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bahil Ghanim
- Dept of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Saskia Gruber
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Schmidthaler
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Renner
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleonora Dehlink
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edith Nachbaur
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Frischer
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Dept of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Szépfalusi
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Tiringer K, Treis A, Fucik P, Gona M, Gruber S, Renner S, Dehlink E, Nachbaur E, Horak F, Jaksch P, Döring G, Crameri R, Jung A, Rochat MK, Hörmann M, Spittler A, Klepetko W, Akdis CA, Szépfalusi Z, Frischer T, Eiwegger T. A Th17- and Th2-skewed cytokine profile in cystic fibrosis lungs represents a potential risk factor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187:621-9. [PMID: 23306544 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201206-1150oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by progressive pulmonary inflammation that is infection-triggered. Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents a risk factor for deterioration of lung function and reduced life expectancy. OBJECTIVES To assess T-cell cytokine/chemokine production in clinically stable children with CF and evaluate the association between T-cell subtypes and susceptibility for infection with P. aeruginosa. METHODS T-cell cytokine/chemokine profiles were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from children with CF (n = 57; 6.1 ± 5.9 yr) and non-CF control subjects (n = 18; 5.9 ± 4.3 yr). Memory responses to Aspergillus fumigatus and P. aeruginosa were monitored. High-resolution computed tomography-based Helbich score was assessed. In a prospective observational trial the association between BALF cytokine/chemokine profiles and subsequent infection with P. aeruginosa was studied. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Th1- (INF-γ), Th2- (IL-5, IL-13), Th17- (IL-17A), and Th17-related cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) were significantly up-regulated in airways of patients with CF. IL-17A, IL-13, and IL-5 were significantly higher in BALF of symptomatic as compared with clinically asymptomatic patients with CF. IL-17A and IL-5 correlated with the percentage of neutrophils in BALF (r = 0.41, P < 0.05 and r = 0.46, P < 0.05, respectively). Th17- (IL-17A, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8) and Th2-associated cytokines and chemokines (IL-5, IL-13, TARC/CCL17), but not IFN-γ levels, significantly correlated with high-resolution computed tomography changes (Helbich score; P < 0.05). P. aeruginosa- and A. fumigatus-specific T cells from patients with CF displayed significantly higher IL-5 and IL-17A mRNA expression. IL-17A and TARC/CCL17 were significantly augmented in patients that developed P. aeruginosa infection within 24 months. CONCLUSIONS We propose a role for Th17 and Th2 T cells in chronic inflammation in lungs of patients with CF. High concentrations of these cytokines/chemokines in CF airways precede infection with P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Tiringer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
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Soyka MB, Wawrzyniak P, Eiwegger T, Holzmann D, Treis A, Wanke K, Kast JI, Akdis CA. Defective epithelial barrier in chronic rhinosinusitis: the regulation of tight junctions by IFN-γ and IL-4. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:1087-1096.e10. [PMID: 22840853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease with still unclear pathophysiologic mechanisms. Epithelial tight junctions (TJs) have been shown to be involved in different chronic disorders, including bronchial asthma, inflammatory bowel diseases, and skin disorders. The regulation of epithelial barrier function and TJ expression has not been extensively studied in patients with CRS and in the paranasal sinus epithelium thus far. OBJECTIVE We sought to elucidate the TJ expression pattern in the epithelium of the sinonasal mucosa and its regulation in patients with CRS. METHODS Trans-tissue resistance was measured in biopsy specimens from healthy control subjects and patients with CRS with and without nasal polyps. TJ protein expression was determined by using immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and real-time PCR. Primary epithelial cell cultures from patients with CRS and control subjects were used in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures for the measurement of transepithelial resistance (TER) and TJ expression. The effect of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 on ALI cultures was assessed. RESULTS A decreased trans-tissue resistance was found in biopsy specimens from patients with CRS with nasal polyps along with an irregular, patchy, and decreased expression of the TJ molecules occludin and zonula occludens 1. TER was reduced in ALI cultures from patients with CRS with nasal polyps. The cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 decreased TER, whereas IL-17 did not have any influence on epithelial integrity. CONCLUSION A defective epithelial barrier was found in patients with CRS with nasal polyps along with a decreased expression of TJ proteins. The disruption of epithelial integrity by IFN-γ and IL-4 in vitro indicates a possible role for these proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of patients with CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Soyka
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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Soyka MB, Treis A, Eiwegger T, Menz G, Zhang S, Holzmann D, Akdis CA, Meyer N. Regulation and expression of IL-32 in chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy 2012; 67:790-8. [PMID: 22486709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated T lymphocytes and their interaction with resident tissue cells, particularly epithelium, play important roles in inflammatory processes in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). IL-32 is a recently described cytokine, which is expressed in a variety of tissue cells and involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. METHODS Human sinus epithelial cells were isolated from biopsies and stimulated with different cytokines, which play a role in the pathogenesis of CRS. IL-32 mRNA expression was analyzed using real-time-PCR, IL-32 protein was determined by Western blot and flow cytometry as well as immunofluorescent staining in primary sinus epithelial cells and nasal biopsies from patients with CRS and healthy controls. RESULTS IL-32 mRNA was upregulated by TNF-α and IFN-γ in primary sinus epithelial cells, whereas IL-1 β, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17 did not influence IL-32 expression. IL-32 mRNA expression was significantly higher in human primary sinonasal epithelial cells (HSECs) cocultured with Th1 cells compared with HSECs cocultured with Th0 or Th2 cells. IL-32 mRNA expression was significantly higher in biopsies from sinus epithelial tissue of CRS patients with nasal polyps compared with healthy subjects (P = 0.01). IL-32 was detected in biopsies from patients with CRS, whereas it was scarcely present in control tissues. CONCLUSION The induction of IL-32 by TNF-α, IFN-γ and Th1 cells as well as its increased expression in sinus tissues from CRS patients with nasal polyps demonstrated a potential role for IL-32 in the pathogenesis of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Treis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos; Switzerland
| | | | - G. Menz
- Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Davos; Switzerland
| | | | - D. Holzmann
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - C. A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos; Switzerland
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Fujita H, Chalubinski M, Rhyner C, Indermitte P, Meyer N, Ferstl R, Treis A, Gomez E, Akkaya A, O'Mahony L, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Claudin-1 expression in airway smooth muscle exacerbates airway remodeling in asthmatic subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1612-21.e8. [PMID: 21624620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is an essential component of airway remodeling and asthma development, and there is no medication specifically against it. Tight junction (TJ) proteins, which are expressed in endothelial and epithelial cells and affect tissue integrity, might exist in other types of cells and display additional functions in the asthmatic lung. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the existence, regulation, and function of TJ proteins in ASM in asthmatic patients. METHODS The expression and function of TJ proteins in primary ASM cell lines, human bronchial biopsy specimens, and a murine model of asthma were analyzed by means of RT-PCR, multispectral imaging flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester staining, tritiated thymidine incorporation, wound-healing assay, and luminometric bead array. RESULTS Increased claudin-1 expression was observed in ASM of asthmatic patients, as well as in a murine model of asthma-like airway inflammation. Whereas IL-1β and TNF-α upregulated claudin-1 expression, it was downregulated by the T(H)2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 in primary human ASM cells. Claudin-1 was localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm but not to the cell surface in ASM cells. Claudin-1 played a central role in ASM cell proliferation, as demonstrated by increased ASM cell proliferation seen with overexpression and decreased proliferation seen with small interfering RNA knockdown of claudin-1. Overexpression of claudin-1 induced vascular endothelial growth factor and downregulated IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ-induced protein 10 production by ASM cells. Claudin-1 upregulation by IL-1β or TNF-α was suppressed by dexamethasone but not by rapamycin, FK506, or salbutamol. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that claudin-1 might play a role in airway remodeling in asthmatic patients by means of regulation of ASM cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Fujita
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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Hasegawa T, Treis A, Patenge N, Fiesel FC, Springer W, Kahle PJ. Parkin protects against tyrosinase-mediated dopamine neurotoxicity by suppressing stress-activated protein kinase pathways. J Neurochem 2008; 105:1700-15. [PMID: 18248610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms are caused by degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. The most common causes of hereditary PD are mutations in the PARKIN gene. The ubiquitin ligase parkin has been shown to mediate neuroprotection in cell culture and in vivo, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the effects of parkin in a human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell culture model of PD, in which transcriptional induction of the enzyme tyrosinase causes a neurotoxic overproduction of cellular DA and its oxidative metabolites. Tyrosinase induction caused formation of reactive oxygen species in the cytosol and mitochondria, and neurotoxicity via activation of apoptotic stress-activated protein kinases and caspase 3. Stable transfection of wild-type parkin suppressed tyrosinase-induced apoptosis, and PD-associated mutations abolished the neuroprotective effect of parkin. Expression of wild-type parkin did not affect reactive oxygen species production, but attenuated the tyrosinase-induced activation of both c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase as well as their cognate mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases. PD-associated mutations differentially affected the anti-apoptotic signaling of parkin. Thus, parkin contributes to DAergic neuroprotection by suppression of apoptotic stress-activated protein kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Clinics Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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