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Angelidis A, Overgaard K, Vandenboom R. Potentiation of force by extracellular potassium is not dependent on muscle length in mouse EDL muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C529-C539. [PMID: 38145294 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00456.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Increases in myofiber extracellular potassium with prolonged contractile activity can potentiate twitch force. Activity-dependent potentiation, another mechanism of force increase in skeletal muscle, has a strong dependence on muscle or sarcomere length. Thus, potassium-mediated twitch potentiation could also be length-dependent. However, this has not been previously investigated. To this end, we used isolated C57BL/6 mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles and elicited twitches at 0.9 Lo, Lo, and 1.1 Lo (Lo refers to optimal length) in normal (5 mM) and high (10 mM) potassium solutions. Potentiation magnitude was similar to previous observations and was not significantly different between lengths (0.9 Lo: 12.3 ± 4.4%, Lo: 12.2 ± 3.6%, 1.1 Lo: 11.8 ± 4.8%, values are means ± SD). Exposure to dantrolene sodium, a compound that attenuates calcium release, reduced twitch force across lengths by ∼70%. When dantrolene-affected muscles were subsequently exposed to high potassium, potentiation was similar to that observed in the absence of the former. In total, these findings provide novel information on potassium-mediated twitch potentiation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we investigated the length-dependence of twitch force potentiation by extracellular potassium in mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) in vitro, at 25°C. Potentiation magnitude did not display a statistically significant difference between the examined muscle lengths. These results describe, for the first time, the relationship of this form of potentiation with muscle length, thus furthering the understanding of how it is integrated in in vivo muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Angelidis
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristian Overgaard
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rene Vandenboom
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Angelidis A, Vandenboom R. The effect of muscle length on post-tetanic potentiation of C57BL/6 and skMLCK -/- mouse EDL muscles. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2022; 43:99-111. [PMID: 35771335 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-022-09620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-tetanic potentiation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle is dependent on muscle length, with greater potentiation observed at shorter compared to longer lengths. The structural effects of the primary potentiation mechanism, phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain (RLC) of myosin, are thought to explain this relationship. The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether the length-dependence of potentiation would be attenuated in the absence of RLC phosphorylation. To this end, we compared isometric twitch potentiation of mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles with (wildtype, WT) and without (skeletal myosin light chain kinase knockout, skMLCK-/-) phosphorylation. Force was measured at five muscle lengths (0.90 Lo, 0.95 Lo, Lo, 1.05 Lo, 1.10 Lo, where Lo refers to optimal length) prior to and following a tetanic train. In accordance with prior findings, potentiation was dependent on muscle length, with greater values observed at short (e.g., 44.3 ± 4.6% for WT, 33.5 ± 6.2% for skMLCK-/-, at 0.90 Lo) compared to long lengths (e.g., 16.9 ± 1.3% for WT, 9.1 ± 1.8% for skMLCK-/-, at 1.10 Lo) in both genotypes. WT muscles displayed greater potentiation compared to their skMLCK-/- counterparts across lengths (e.g., 16.9 ± 1.6% vs 7.3 ± 1.5% at Lo). However, the relationship between potentiation and muscle length was not different between genotypes. Thus, the alternative mechanisms of potentiation, present in the skMLCK-/- EDL, display a length-dependence of post-tetanic potentiation similar to RLC phosphorylation-dominant potentiation. Additional mechanisms may be required to explain the length-dependence of potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Angelidis
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Rene Vandenboom
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Qin N, Faludi G, Beauclercq S, Pitt J, Desnica N, Pétursdóttir Á, Newton EE, Angelidis A, Givens I, Juniper D, Humphries D, Gunnlaugsdóttir H, Stergiadis S. Macromineral and trace element concentrations and their seasonal variation in milk from organic and conventional dairy herds. Food Chem 2021; 359:129865. [PMID: 33940467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To study the effects of dairy production system on milk macromineral and trace element concentrations, milk samples were collected monthly in 2019 from 43 conventional and 27 organic farms. Organic milk contained more Ca (1049.5 vs. 995.8 mg/kg), K (1383.6 vs. 1362.4 mg/kg), P (806.5 vs. 792.5 mg/kg) and Mo (73.3 vs. 60.6 μg/kg) but less Cu (52.4 vs. 60.6 μg/kg), Fe (0.66 vs 2.03 mg/kg), Mn (28.8 vs. 45.0 μg/kg), Zn (4.51 vs. 5.00 mg/kg) and Al (0.32 vs. 1.14 μg/kg) than conventional milk. Significant seasonal variation was observed in all determined minerals' concentrations. Milk I concentration was not consistently affected by production system, whereas organic milk contained less I in June and July than conventional milk. Dietary factors contributing to different milk mineral concentrations between production systems included intakes of maize silage, dry-straights and oils (higher in conventional diets), and pasture, clover and wholecrop (higher in organic diets).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanbing Qin
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Gergely Faludi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom; Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Keszthely, Deák Ferenc u. 16, H-8360, Hungary
| | - Stephane Beauclercq
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Pitt
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Eric E Newton
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Angelidis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Juniper
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - David Humphries
- Centre for Dairy Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Hall Farm House, Church Ln, Reading RG2 9HX, United Kingdom
| | - Helga Gunnlaugsdóttir
- Matís ltd., Vínlandsleið 12, Reykjavík 113, Iceland; Faculty Food Science and Nutrition, University Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom.
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Angelidis A, Solis E, Lautenbach F, van der Does W, Putman P. I'm going to fail! Acute cognitive performance anxiety increases threat-interference and impairs WM performance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210824. [PMID: 30730896 PMCID: PMC6366876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress can impair cognitive performance, as commonly observed in cognitive performance anxiety (CPA; e.g., test anxiety). Cognitive theories indicate that stress impairs performance by increasing attention to negative thoughts, a phenomenon also known as threat-interference. These theories are mainly supported by findings related to self-report measures of threat-interference or trait anxiety. Our main aim was to test, for the first time in a single study, the hypotheses that acute CPA-related stress negatively affects both working memory (WM) performance and objectively assessed threat-interference during performance. In addition, we aimed to assess the validity of a new stress-induction procedure that was developed to induce acute CPA. Eighty-six females were randomly assigned to a CPA-related stress group (n = 45) or a control group. WM performance and threat-interference were assessed with an n-back task (2-back and 3-back memory loads), using CPA-related words as distracters. The stress group showed higher state anxiety and slower WM performance. Both effects were moderated by trait CPA: the effects were stronger for individuals with higher trait CPA. Finally, trait CPA moderated the effect of stress on threat-interference during higher cognitive load: individuals with higher trait CPA in the stress group showed higher threat-interference. We conclude that acute CPA increases threat-interference and impairs WM performance, especially in vulnerable individuals. The role of threat-interference, cognitive load, and trait anxiety should be taken into account in future research. Finally, our method (combining our stressor and modified n-back task) is effective for studying stress-cognition interactions in CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Angelidis
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Ericka Solis
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Franziska Lautenbach
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Sport Psychology and Sport Pedagogy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Willem van der Does
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Putman
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Van Son D, Schalbroeck R, Angelidis A, Van der Wee N, Van der Does W, Putman P. The effects of caffeine on threat-selective attention moderated by EEG theta/beta ratio. Int J Psychophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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van Son D, Angelidis A, Hagenaars MA, van der Does W, Putman P. Early and late dot-probe attentional bias to mild and high threat pictures: Relations with EEG theta/beta ratio, self-reported trait attentional control, and trait anxiety. Psychophysiology 2018; 55:e13274. [PMID: 30132917 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Frontal EEG theta/beta ratio (TBR; negatively associated with attentional control, or AC) was previously reported to moderate threat-level dependent attentional bias in a pictorial dot-probe task, interacting with trait anxiety. Unexpectedly, this was independent from processing stage (using cue-target delays of 200 and 500 ms) and also not observed for self-reported trait AC. We therefore aimed to replicate these effects of TBR and trait anxiety and to test if effects of early versus late processing stages are evident for shorter cue-target delays. This study also revisited the hypothesis that TBR and self-reported trait AC show similar effects. Fifty-three participants provided measurements of frontal TBR, self-reported trait AC, trait anxiety, and dot-probe task bias for mild and high threat pictures using the same dot-probe task, but this time with 80- and 200-ms cue-target delays. Results indicated that higher TBR predicted more attention to mild than high threat, but this was independent from trait anxiety or delay. Lower self-reported trait AC predicted more attention to mild than high threat, only after 200 ms (also independent of trait anxiety). We conclude that the moderating effect of TBR on threat-level dependent dot-probe task bias was replicated, but not the role of trait anxiety, and this study partially confirms that effects of trait AC are more dominant in later processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana van Son
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angelos Angelidis
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Hagenaars
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van der Does
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Putman
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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van Son D, Schalbroeck R, Angelidis A, van der Wee NJA, van der Does W, Putman P. Acute effects of caffeine on threat-selective attention: moderation by anxiety and EEG theta/beta ratio. Biol Psychol 2018; 136:100-110. [PMID: 29792908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous EEG theta/beta ratio (TBR) probably marks prefrontal cortical (PFC) executive control, and its regulation of attentional threat-bias. Caffeine at moderate doses may strengthen executive control through increased PFC catecholamine action, dependent on basal PFC function. GOAL To test if caffeine affects threat-bias, moderated by baseline frontal TBR and trait-anxiety. METHODS A pictorial emotional Stroop task was used to assess threat-bias in forty female participants in a cross-over, double-blind study after placebo and 200 mg caffeine. RESULTS At baseline and after placebo, comparable relations were observed for negative pictures: high TBR was related to low threat-bias in low trait-anxious people. Caffeine had opposite effects on threat-bias in low trait-anxious people with low and high TBR. CONCLUSIONS This further supports TBR as a marker of executive control and highlights the importance of taking baseline executive function into consideration when studying effects of caffeine on executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana van Son
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Rik Schalbroeck
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angelos Angelidis
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willem van der Does
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Putman
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Raček A, Beňová K, Arnoul P, Závodská M, Angelidis A, Cigánková V, Šimaiová V, Račeková E. Age-dependent effect of long-term microwave radiation on postnatal neurogenesis in rats: morphological and behavioral study. Physiol Res 2018. [PMID: 29527915 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Processes of adult neurogenesis can be influenced by environmental factors. Here, we investigated the effect of microwave radiation (MWR) on proliferation and cell dying in the rat rostral migratory stream (RMS) - a migration route for the neuroblasts of the subventricular zone. Adult and juvenile (two weeks old) rats were exposed to a pulsed-wave MWR at the frequency of 2.45 GHz for 1 or 3 h daily during 3 weeks. Adult rats were divided into two groups: without survival and with two weeks survival after irradiation. Juvenile rats survived till adulthood, when were tested in the light/dark test. Proliferating cells in the RMS were labeled by Ki-67; dying cells were visualized by Fluoro-Jade C histochemistry. In both groups of rats irradiated as adults we have observed significant decrease of the number of dividing cells within the RMS. Exposure of juvenile rats to MWR induced only slight decrease in proliferation, however, it strikingly affected cell death even two months following irradiation. In addition, these rats displayed locomotor hyperactivity and decreased risk assessment in adulthood. Our results suggest that the long-lasting influence of radiation is manifested by affected cell survival and changes in animals´ behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raček
- Department of Genetics and Biology University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic.
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Angelidis A, Hagenaars M, van Son D, van der Does W, Putman P. Do not look away! Spontaneous frontal EEG theta/beta ratio as a marker for cognitive control over attention to mild and high threat. Biol Psychol 2018. [PMID: 29518523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low spontaneous EEG theta/beta ratio (TBR) is associated with greater executive control. Their role in regulation of attentional bias for stimuli of different threat-levels is unknown. OBJECTIVES To provide the first relations between frontal TBR, trait anxiety and attentional bias to mildly and highly threatening stimuli at different processing-stages. METHODS Seventy-four healthy volunteers completed spontaneous EEG measurement, a self-report trait anxiety questionnaire and a dot-probe task with stimuli of different threat-level and 200 and 500 ms cue-target delays. RESULTS Participants with high TBR directed attention towards mildly threatening and avoided highly threatening pictures. Moreover, the most resilient participants, (low TBR and low trait anxiety) showed attention towards highly threatening stimuli. There were no effects of delay. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm that executive control is crucial for the study of threat-related attentional bias and further support the notion that TBR is a marker of cognitive control over emotional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Angelidis
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Muriel Hagenaars
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dana van Son
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van der Does
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Putman
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Khoury M, Pitsis A, Poumpouridou-Kioura H, Soufla G, Kanthou C, Matoula N, Angelidis A, Melissari E. Acute intraoperative heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and thrombosis during coronary artery bypass grafting: Two case reports providing evidence for the role of preoperative LMWH in triggering sensitization. Thromb Res 2016; 146:126-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new approach to simulate the small intestine in a context of laparoscopic surgery. The ultimate aim of this work is to simulate the training of a basic surgical gesture in real-time: moving aside the intestine to reach hidden areas of the abdomen. The main problem posed by this kind of simulation is animating the intestine. The problem comes from the nature of the intestine: a very long tube which is not isotropically elastic, and is contained in a volume that is small when compared to the intestine's length. It coils extensively and collides with itself in many places. To do this, we use a layered model to animate the intestine. The intestine's axis is animated as a linear mechanical component. A specific sphere-based model handles contacts and self-collisions. A skinning model is used to create the intestine's volume around the axis. This paper discusses and compares three different representations for skinning the intestine: a parametric surface model and two implicit surface models. The first implicit surface model uses point skeletons while the second uses local convolution surfaces. Using these models, we obtained good-looking results in real-time. Some videos of this work can be found in the online version at doi: 10.1016/j.media.2004.11.006 and at www-imagis.imag.fr/Publications/2004/FLAMCFC04.
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Affiliation(s)
- L France
- Syscom, Université de Savoie, Chambéry, France.
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