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Thiel FG, Asgarbeik S, Glaubitz J, Wilden A, Lerch MM, Weiss FU, Sendler M. IRAK3-mediated suppression of pro-inflammatory MyD88/IRAK signaling affects disease severity in acute pancreatitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10833. [PMID: 37402858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP), which is characterized by self-digestion of the pancreas by its own prematurely activated digestive proteases, is a major reason for hospitalization. The autodigestive process causes necrotic cell death of pancreatic acinar cells and the release of damage associated molecular pattern which activate macrophages and drive the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The MYD88/IRAK signaling pathway plays an important role for the induction of inflammatory responses. Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-3 (IRAK3) is a counter-regulator of this pathway. In this study, we investigated the role of MYD88/IRAK using Irak3-/- mice in two experimental animal models of mild and severe AP. IRAK3 is expressed in macrophages as well as pancreatic acinar cells where it restrains NFκB activation. Deletion of IRAK3 enhanced the migration of CCR2+ monocytes into the pancreas and triggered a pro-inflammatory type 1 immune response characterized by significantly increased serum levels of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-12p70. Unexpectedly, in a mild AP model this enhanced pro-inflammatory response resulted in decreased pancreatic damage, whereas in a severe AP model, induced by partial pancreatic duct ligation, the increased pro-inflammatory response drives a severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and is associated with an increased local and systemic damage. Our results indicate that complex immune regulation mechanism control the course of AP, where moderate pro-inflammation not necessarily associates with increased disease severity but also drives tissue regenerative processes through a more effective clearance of necrotic acinar cells. Only when the pro-inflammation exceeds a certain systemic level, it fuels SIRS and increases disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska G Thiel
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 41, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Saeedeh Asgarbeik
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 41, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juliane Glaubitz
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 41, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anika Wilden
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 41, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 41, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 41, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 41, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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Glaubitz J, Wilden A, Frost F, Ameling S, Homuth G, Mazloum H, Rühlemann MC, Bang C, Aghdassi AA, Budde C, Pickartz T, Franke A, Bröker BM, Voelker U, Mayerle J, Lerch MM, Weiss FU, Sendler M. Activated regulatory T-cells promote duodenal bacterial translocation into necrotic areas in severe acute pancreatitis. Gut 2023:gutjnl-2022-327448. [PMID: 36631247 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In acute pancreatitis (AP), bacterial translocation and subsequent infection of pancreatic necrosis are the main risk factors for severe disease and late death. Understanding how immunological host defence mechanisms fail to protect the intestinal barrier is of great importance in reducing the mortality risk of the disease. Here, we studied the role of the Treg/Th17 balance for maintaining the intestinal barrier function in a mouse model of severe AP. DESIGN AP was induced by partial duct ligation in C57Bl/6 or DEREG mice, in which regulatory T-cells (Treg) were depleted by intraperitoneal injection of diphtheria toxin. By flow cytometry, functional suppression assays and transcriptional profiling we analysed Treg activation and characterised T-cells of the lamina propria as well as intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) regarding their activation and differentiation. Microbiota composition was examined in intestinal samples as well as in murine and human pancreatic necrosis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The prophylactic Treg-depletion enhanced the proinflammatory response in an experimental mouse model of AP but stabilised the intestinal immunological barrier function of Th17 cells and CD8+/γδTCR+ IELs. Treg depleted animals developed less bacterial translocation to the pancreas. Duodenal overgrowth of the facultative pathogenic taxa Escherichia/Shigella which associates with severe disease and infected necrosis was diminished in Treg depleted animals. CONCLUSION Tregs play a crucial role in the counterbalance against systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In AP, Treg-activation disturbs the duodenal barrier function and permits translocation of commensal bacteria into pancreatic necrosis. Targeting Tregs in AP may help to ameliorate the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Glaubitz
- Department of Medicine A, university medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anika Wilden
- Department of Medicine A, university medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fabian Frost
- Department of Medicine A, university medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Ameling
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hala Mazloum
- Department of Medicine A, university medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Malte Christoph Rühlemann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ali A Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A, university medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Budde
- Department of Medicine A, university medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tilmann Pickartz
- Department of Medicine A, university medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Voelker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 2, Klinikum der Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, university medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank-Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, university medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, university medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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3
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Wilden A, Glaubitz J, Otto O, Biedenweg D, Nauck M, Mack M, Ribback S, Bröker BM, von Rheinbaben SF, Lerch MM, Aghdassi AA, Weiss FU, Sendler M. Mobilization of CD11b+/Ly6chi monocytes causes multi organ dysfunction syndrome in acute pancreatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:991295. [PMID: 36300116 PMCID: PMC9589437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.991295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder, the severe form of which is burdened with multi-organ dysfunction and high mortality. The pathogenesis of life –threatening organ complications, such as respiratory and renal failure, is unknown. Design Organ dysfunction was investigated in a mouse model of AP. The influence of monocytes and neutrophils on multi organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was investigated in vivo by antibody depletion. Using real-time-fluorescence and deformability-cytometry (RT-DC) analysis we determined the mechanical properties of neutrophils and monocytes during AP. Furthermore, blood samples of pancreatitis patients were used to characterize severity-dependent chemokine profiles according to the revised Atlanta classification. Results Similar to AP in humans, severe disease in the mouse model associates with organ dysfunction mainly of lung and kidney, which is triggered by a mobilisation of Ly6g-/CD11b+/Ly6c hi monocytes, but not of Ly6g+/CD11b+ neutrophils. Monocyte depletion by anti-CCR2 antibody treatment ameliorated lung function (oxygen consumption) without interfering with the systemic immune response. RT-DC analysis of circulation monocytes showed a significant increase in cell size during SAP, but without a compensatory increase in elasticity. Patient chemokine profiles show a correlation of AP severity with monocyte attracting chemokines like MCP-1 or MIG and with leukocyte mobilisation. Conclusion In AP, the physical properties of mobilized monocytes, especially their large size, result in an obstruction of the fine capillary systems of the lung and of the kidney glomeruli. A selective depletion of monocytes may represent a treatment strategy for pancreatitis as well as for other inflammation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Wilden
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juliane Glaubitz
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Otto
- Center for Innovation Competence: Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Disorders, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Doreen Biedenweg
- Center for Innovation Competence: Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Disorders, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, Universitat Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Barbara M. Bröker
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- *Correspondence: Matthias Sendler,
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Glaubitz J, Wilden A, Golchert J, Homuth G, Völker U, Bröker BM, Thiele T, Lerch MM, Mayerle J, Aghdassi AA, Weiss FU, Sendler M. In mouse chronic pancreatitis CD25 +FOXP3 + regulatory T cells control pancreatic fibrosis by suppression of the type 2 immune response. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4502. [PMID: 35922425 PMCID: PMC9349313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by chronic inflammation and the progressive fibrotic replacement of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tissue. We identify Treg cells as central regulators of the fibroinflammatory reaction by a selective depletion of FOXP3-positive cells in a transgenic mouse model (DEREG-mice) of experimental CP. In Treg-depleted DEREG-mice, the induction of CP results in a significantly increased stroma deposition, the development of exocrine insufficiency and significant weight loss starting from day 14 after disease onset. In CP, FOXP3+CD25+ Treg cells suppress the type-2 immune response by a repression of GATA3+ T helper cells (Th2), GATA3+ innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) and CD206+ M2-macrophages. A suspected pathomechanism behind the fibrotic tissue replacement may involve an observed dysbalance of Activin A expression in macrophages and of its counter regulator follistatin. Our study identified Treg cells as key regulators of the type-2 immune response and of organ remodeling during CP. The Treg/Th2 axis could be a therapeutic target to prevent fibrosis and preserve functional pancreatic tissue. The function of T regulatory cells in the tissue fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis is not fully understood. Here the authors use a mouse model of chronic pancreatitis to show that Treg cells reduce IL-4 mediated chronic inflammation in the pancreas associated with M2-like macrophages in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Glaubitz
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anika Wilden
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janine Golchert
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Thiele
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali A Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank U Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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Tran QT, Tran VH, Sendler M, Doller J, Wiese M, Bolsmann R, Wilden A, Glaubitz J, Modenbach JM, Thiel FG, de Freitas Chama LL, Weiss FU, Lerch MM, Aghdassi AA. Role of Bile Acids and Bile Salts in Acute Pancreatitis: From the Experimental to Clinical Studies. Pancreas 2021; 50:3-11. [PMID: 33370017 PMCID: PMC7748038 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastroenterological disorders leading to hospitalization. It has long been debated whether biliary AP, about 30% to 50% of all cases, is induced by bile acids (BAs) when they reach the pancreas via reflux or via the systemic blood circulation.Besides their classical function in digestion, BAs have become an attractive research target because of their recently discovered property as signaling molecules. The underlying mechanisms of BAs have been investigated in various studies. Bile acids are internalized into acinar cells through specific G-protein-coupled BA receptor 1 and various transporters. They can further act via different receptors: the farnesoid X, ryanodine, and inositol triphosphate receptor. Bile acids induce a sustained Ca2+ influx from the endoplasmic reticulum and release of Ca2+ from acidic stores into the cytosol of acinar cells. The overload of intracellular Ca2+ results in mitochondrial depolarization and subsequent acinar cell necrosis. In addition, BAs have a biphasic effect on pancreatic ductal cells. A more detailed characterization of the mechanisms through which BAs contribute to the disease pathogenesis and severity will greatly improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and may allow for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for gallstone-inducedAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Trung Tran
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Van Huy Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Matthias Sendler
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Doller
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mats Wiese
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Bolsmann
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anika Wilden
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juliane Glaubitz
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ali A. Aghdassi
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Glaubitz J, Wilden A, van den Brandt C, Weiss FU, Bröker BM, Mayerle J, Lerch MM, Sendler M. Experimental pancreatitis is characterized by rapid T cell activation, Th2 differentiation that parallels disease severity, and improvement after CD4 + T cell depletion. Pancreatology 2020; 20:1637-1647. [PMID: 33097430 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is a gastrointestinal disorder of high incidence resulting in life threatening complications in up to 20% of patients. Its severe form is characterized by an extensive and systemic immune response. We investigated the role of the adaptive immune response in two experimental models of pancreatitis. METHODS In C57BI/6-mice mild pancreatitis was induced by 8-hourly injections of caerulein and severe pancreatitis by additional, partial pancreatic duct ligation. T-cell-activation was determined by flow-cytometry of CD25/CD69, T-cell-differentiation by nuclear staining of the transcription-factors Tbet, Gata3 and Foxp3. In vivo CD4+ T-cells were depleted using anti-CD4 antibody. Disease severity was determined by histology, serum amylase and lipase activities, lung MPO and serum cytokine levels (IL-6, TNFα, IL-10). RESULTS In both models T-cells were activated. Th1-differentiation (Tbet) was absent during pancreatitis but we detected a pronounced Th2/Treg (Gata3/Foxp3) response which paralleled disease severity in both models. The complete depletion of CD4+ T-cells via anti-CD4 antibody, surprisingly, reduced disease severity significantly, as well as granulocyte infiltration and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. Co-incubation of acini and T-cells did not lead to T-cell-activation by acinar cells but to acinar damage by T-cells. During pancreatitis no significant T-cell-infiltration into the pancreas was observed. CONCLUSION T cells orchestrate the early local as well as the systemic immune responses in pancreatitis and are directly involved in organ damage. The Th2 response appears to increase disease severity, rather than conferring an immunological protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Glaubitz
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anika Wilden
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Cindy van den Brandt
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank U Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum der LMU München-Grosshadern, München, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany.
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7
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Sendler M, van den Brandt C, Glaubitz J, Wilden A, Golchert J, Weiss FU, Homuth G, De Freitas Chama LL, Mishra N, Mahajan UM, Bossaller L, Völker U, Bröker BM, Mayerle J, Lerch MM. NLRP3 Inflammasome Regulates Development of Systemic Inflammatory Response and Compensatory Anti-Inflammatory Response Syndromes in Mice With Acute Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:253-269.e14. [PMID: 31593700 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatitis starts with primarily sterile local inflammation that induces systemic inflammatory response syndrome, followed by compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS). We investigated the mechanisms of these processes in mice and human serum. METHODS We induced severe acute pancreatitis by partial duct ligation with caerulein stimulation or intraperitoneal injection of l-arginine in mice with deletion of interleukin (IL)12B, NLRP3, or IL18 and in mice given MCC950, a small molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3-inflammasome. Pancreata were collected from mice and analyzed by histology, and cytokine levels were measured in serum samples. We measured activation of adaptive immune responses in mice with pancreatitis by flow cytometry analysis of T cells (CD25 and CD69) isolated from the spleen. Differentiation of T-helper (Th1) cells, Th2 cells, and T-regulatory cells was determined by nuclear staining for TBET, GATA3, and FOXP3. We performed transcriptome analysis of mouse lymph nodes and bone marrow-derived macrophages after incubation with acini. We measured levels of cytokines in serum samples from patients with mild and severe acute pancreatitis. RESULTS Activation of the adaptive immune response in mice was initiated by macrophage-derived, caspase 1-processed cytokines and required activation of NLRP3 (confirmed in serum samples from patients with pancreatitis). Spleen cells from mice with pancreatitis had increases in Th2 cells but not in Th1 cells. Bone marrow-derived macrophages secreted IL1B and IL18, but not IL12, after co-incubation with pancreatic acini. T-cell activation and severity of acute pancreatitis did not differ significantly between IL12B-deficient and control mice. In contrast, NLRP3- or IL18-deficient mice had reduced activation of T cells and no increase in Th2 cell-mediated responses compared with control mice. The systemic type 2 immune response was mediated by macrophage-derived cytokines of the IL1 family. Specifically, IL18 induced a Th2 cell-mediated response in the absence of IL12. MCC950 significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration, T-cell activation, and disease severity in mice. CONCLUSIONS In mice with severe pancreatitis, we found systemic inflammatory response syndrome and compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome developed in parallel. Infiltrating macrophages promote inflammation and simultaneously induce a Th2 cell-mediated response via IL18. Inhibition of NLRP3 reduces systemic inflammatory response syndrome and compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome and might be used to treat patients with severe pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Cindy van den Brandt
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juliane Glaubitz
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anika Wilden
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janine Golchert
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institutes for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institutes for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Neha Mishra
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ujjwal Mukund Mahajan
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilian University München-Grosshadern, München, Germany
| | - Lukas Bossaller
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institutes for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilian University München-Grosshadern, München, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Hubscher-Bruder V, Mogilireddy V, Michel S, Leoncini A, Huskens J, Verboom W, Galán H, Núñez A, Cobos J, Modolo G, Wilden A, Schmidt H, Charbonnel MC, Guilbaud P, Boubals N. Behaviour of the extractant Me-TODGA upon gamma irradiation: quantification of degradation compounds and individual influences on complexation and extraction. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02136d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of ligand–metal interactions is crucial to develop new processes for nuclear waste treatment.
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Vanel V, Marie C, Kaufholz P, Montuir M, Boubals N, Wilden A, Modolo G, Geist A, Sorel C. Modeling and Flowsheet Design of an Am Separation Process Using TODGA and H4TPAEN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Modolo G, Wilden A, Geist A, Magnusson D, Malmbeck R. A review of the demonstration of innovative solvent extraction processes for the recovery of trivalent minor actinides from PUREX raffinate. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2014. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2012.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The selective partitioning (P) of long-lived minor actinides fromhighly active waste solutions and their transmutation (T) to short-lived or stable isotopes by nuclear reactions will reduce the long-term hazard of the high-level waste and significantly shorten the time needed to ensure their safe confinement in a repository. The present paper summarizes the on-going research activities at Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) and Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU) in the field of actinide partitioning using innovative solvent extraction processes. European research over the last few decades, i.e. in the NEWPART, PARTNEW and EUROPART programmes, has resulted in the development of multi-cycle processes for minor actinide partitioning. These multi-cycle processes are based on the co-separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides (e.g. by the DIAMEX process), followed by the subsequent actinide(III)/lanthanide(III) group separation in the SANEX process. The current direction of research for the development of innovative processes within the recent European ACSEPT project is discussed additionally.
This paper is focused on the development of flow-sheets for recovery of americium and curium from highly active waste solutions. The flow-sheets are verified by demonstration processes, in centrifugal contactors, using synthetic or genuine fuel solutions. The feasibility of the processes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Modolo
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A. Wilden
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A. Geist
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung (INE), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D. Magnusson
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung (INE), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R. Malmbeck
- European Commission, JRC, Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU,) 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Modolo G, Wilden A, Kaufholz P, Bosbach D, Geist A. Development and demonstration of innovative partitioning processes (i-SANEX and 1-cycle SANEX) for actinide partitioning. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Modolo G, Wilden A, Daniels H, Geist A, Magnusson D, Malmbeck R. Development and demonstration of a new SANEX Partitioning Process for selective actinide(III)/lanthanide(III) separation using a mixture of CyMe4BTBP and TODGA. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2013.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Within the framework of the European collaborative project ACSEPT, a new SANEX partitioning process was developed at Forschungszentrum Jülich for the separation of the trivalent minor actinides americium, curium and californium from lanthanide fission products in spent nuclear fuels. The development is based on batch solvent extraction studies, single-centrifugal contactor tests and on flow-sheet design by computer code calculations. The used solvent is composed of 6,6´-bis(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo-[1,2-4]trizazin-3-yl)-[2,2´]-bipyridine (CyMe4BTBP) and N,N,N´,N´-tetraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA) dissolved in n-octanol. A spiked continuous counter-current test was carried out in miniature centrifugal contactors with the aid of a 20-stage flow-sheet consisting of 12 extraction, 4 scrubbing and 4 stripping stages. A product fraction containing more than 99.9% of the trivalent actinides Am(III), Cm(III) and Cf(III) was obtained. High product/feed decontamination factors >1000 were achieved for these actinides. The trivalent lanthanides were directed to the raffinate of the process with the actinide (III) product stream being contaminated with less than 0.5 mass-% in the initial lanthanides.
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Bell K, Carpentier C, Carrott M, Geist A, Gregson C, Hérès X, Magnusson D, Malmbeck R, McLachlan F, Modolo G, Müllich U, Sypula M, Taylor R, Wilden A. Progress Towards the Development of a New GANEX Process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2012.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mat Z, Grensemann B, Yakin Y, Wilden A, Leygeber T, Urban K, Lin Y, Knobloch J, Koch A. Einfluss von Lipoteichonsäure (LTA) auf Asthma- und COPD-relevante Faktoren bezüglich Atemwegsremodelling und -inflammation in peripheren Blut-Monozyten und TH2-Lymphozyten. Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yakin Y, Grensemann B, Mat Z, Wilden A, Leygeber T, Urban K, Lin Y, Knobloch J, Koch A. Rolle von Adipokinen und Fibrinogen auf Atemwegsremodelling und -inflammation bei Asthma und COPD. Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1271993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Büttner U, Glasauer S, Glonti L, Guan Y, Kipiani E, Kleine J, Siebold C, Tchelidze T, Wilden A. Multimodal signal integration in vestibular neurons of the primate fastigial nucleus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1004:241-51. [PMID: 14662463 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1303.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The rostral fastigial nucleus contains vestibular neurons, which presumably are involved in spinal mechanisms (neck, gait, posture) and which are not modulated with individual eye movements. Single-unit recordings in the alert behaving monkey during natural stimulus conditions reveal that virtually all neurons demonstrate integration of several sensory inputs. This applies not only for canal-canal and canal-otolith interaction, but also for otolith-otolith interaction. There is also some evidence that most neurons receive not only an utriculus but also a sacculus input. Furthermore, most neurons also respond to large-field optokinetic stimulation, reflecting visual-vestibular interaction. Neurons are also affected by the head on trunk position, which would allow these neurons to operate in a body-centered rather than a head-centered reference frame. These complex, multisensory features could permit fastigial nucleus neurons to rather specifically affect spinal motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Büttner
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Vestibular responses in the primate fastigial nucleus (FN) do often not follow the simple cosine tuning observed in primary vestibular afferents. The present report demonstrates that these more complex patterns can mostly be attributed to simple linear summation of spatially and temporally diverse cosine-tuned input signals (linear spatio-temporal convergence, STC). Analyses following from this elementary finding, however, reveal frequency-dependent properties in many FN neurons, which are difficult to reconcile with existing concepts of possible functions of STC in central vestibular areas. The demonstration that STC linearity holds for FN responses is thus of both theoretical and practical relevance, allowing shortening of future experimental protocols and facilitating comparison of the observed spatio-temporal response dynamics with those at other stages of vestibular signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Kleine
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
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