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Battu AK, Miller QRS, Cao R, Owen AT, Schaef HT. 3D Quantification of Pore Networks and Anthropogenic Carbon Mineralization in Stacked Basalt Reservoirs. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:3747-3754. [PMID: 38302413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Basalt formations are promising candidates for the geologic storage of anthropogenic CO2 due to their storage capacity, porosity, permeability, and reactive geochemical trapping ability. The Wallula Basalt Carbon Storage Pilot Project demonstrated that supercritical CO2 injected into >800 m deep Columbia River Basalt Group stacked reservoir flow tops mineralizes to ankerite-siderite-aragonite on month-year time scales, with 60% of the 977 metric tons of CO2 converted within 2 years. The potential impacts of mineral precipitation and consequent changes in the rock porosity, pore structure, pore size, and pore size distributions have likely been underestimated hitherto. Herein, we address these knowledge gaps using X-ray microcomputed tomography (XMT) to evaluate the pore network architecture of sidewall cores recovered 2 years after CO2 injection. In this study, we performed a detailed quantitative analysis of the CO2-reacted basalt cores by XMT imaging. Reconstructed 3D images were analyzed to determine the distribution and volumetric details of porosity and anthropogenic carbonate nodules in the cores. Additional mineralogic quantification provided insight into the overall paragenesis and carbonate growth mechanisms, including mineralogic/chemical zonation. These findings are being used to parametrize multiphase reactive transport models to predict the fate and transport of subsurface CO2, enabling scale-up to commercial-scale geologic carbon storage in basalts and other reactive mafic-ultramafic formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Battu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Quin R S Miller
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ruoshi Cao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Antoinette T Owen
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - H Todd Schaef
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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Qafoku O, Varga T, Battu AK, Zhao Q, Bhattacharjee A, Zhu Z, Chu RK, Mudunuru MK. 3D Biogeochemical Characterization of Intact Soil Structures. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1234-1235. [PMID: 37613462 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Odeta Qafoku
- Environmental Sciences Molecular Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Tamas Varga
- Environmental Sciences Molecular Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | | | - Qian Zhao
- Environmental Sciences Molecular Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Arunima Bhattacharjee
- Environmental Sciences Molecular Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental Sciences Molecular Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Environmental Sciences Molecular Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Maruti K Mudunuru
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
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Yu Y, Battu AK, Varga T, Denny AC, Zahid TM, Chowdhury I, Flury M. Minimal Impacts of Microplastics on Soil Physical Properties under Environmentally Relevant Concentrations. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:5296-5304. [PMID: 36951544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soils are a major reservoir of microplastics, and concerns have arisen about the impacts of microplastics on soil properties and functioning. Here, we measured the physical properties of a silt loam in response to the incorporation of polyester fibers and polypropylene granules over a wide range of concentrations. We further elucidated the underlying mechanisms by determining the role of microplastic shape and the baseline effects from the amendment of soil particles. The incorporation of microplastics into soil tended to increase contact angle and saturated hydraulic conductivity and decrease bulk density and water holding capacity, but not affect aggregate stability. Polyester fibers affected soil physical properties more profoundly than polypropylene granules, due to the vastly different shape of fibers from that of soil particles. However, changes in soil properties were gradual, and significant changes did not occur until a high concentration of microplastics was reached (i.e., 0.5% w/w for polyester fibers and 2% w/w for polypropylene granules). Currently, microplastic concentrations in soils not heavily polluted with plastics are far below these concentrations, and results from this study suggest that microplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations have no significant effects on soil physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Yu
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Puyallup Research & Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Anil K Battu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tamas Varga
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Adam C Denny
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tahsin Md Zahid
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Indranil Chowdhury
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Markus Flury
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Puyallup Research & Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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Jiang W, Spurgeon SR, Matthews BE, Battu AK, China S, Varga T, Devaraj A, Kautz EJ, Marcus MA, Reilly DD, Luscher WG. Carbonaceous deposits on aluminide coatings in tritium-producing assemblies. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Varga T, Hixson KK, Ahkami AH, Sher AW, Barnes ME, Chu RK, Battu AK, Nicora CD, Winkler TE, Reno LR, Fakra SC, Antipova O, Parkinson DY, Hall JR, Doty SL. Endophyte-Promoted Phosphorus Solubilization in Populus. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:567918. [PMID: 33193494 PMCID: PMC7609660 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.567918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth, but it may be relatively unavailable to plants because of its chemistry. In soil, the majority of phosphorus is present in the form of a phosphate, usually as metal complexes making it bound to minerals or organic matter. Therefore, inorganic phosphate solubilization is an important process of plant growth promotion by plant associated bacteria and fungi. Non-nodulating plant species have been shown to thrive in low-nutrient environments, in some instances by relying on plant associated microorganisms called endophytes. These microorganisms live within the plant and help supply nutrients for the plant. Despite their potential enormous environmental importance, there are a limited number of studies looking at the direct molecular impact of phosphate solubilizing endophytic bacteria on the host plant. In this work, we studied the impact of two endophyte strains of wild poplar (Populus trichocarpa) that solubilize phosphate. Using a combination of x-ray imaging, spectroscopy methods, and proteomics, we report direct evidence of endophyte-promoted phosphorus uptake in poplar. We found that the solubilized phosphate may react and become insoluble once inside plant tissue, suggesting that endophytes may aid in the re-release of phosphate. Using synchrotron x-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopy, we visualized the nutrient phosphorus inside poplar roots inoculated by the selected endophytes and found the phosphorus in both forms of organic and inorganic phosphates inside the root. Tomography-based root imaging revealed a markedly different root biomass and root architecture for poplar samples inoculated with the phosphate solubilizing bacteria strains. Proteomics characterization on poplar roots coupled with protein network analysis revealed novel proteins and metabolic pathways with possible involvement in endophyte enriched phosphorus uptake. These findings suggest an important role of endophytes for phosphorus acquisition and provide a deeper understanding of the critical symbiotic associations between poplar and the endophytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Varga
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Kim K. Hixson
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Amir H. Ahkami
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Andrew W. Sher
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Morgan E. Barnes
- Environmental Systems Graduate Group, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Rosalie K. Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Anil K. Battu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Tanya E. Winkler
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Loren R. Reno
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Sirine C. Fakra
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Olga Antipova
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States
| | - Dilworth Y. Parkinson
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jackson R. Hall
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sharon L. Doty
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Nivedita LR, Haubert A, Battu AK, Ramana CV. Correlation between Crystal Structure, Surface/Interface Microstructure, and Electrical Properties of Nanocrystalline Niobium Thin Films. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1287. [PMID: 32629967 PMCID: PMC7407818 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Niobium (Nb) thin films, which are potentially useful for integration into electronics and optoelectronics, were made by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering by varying the substrate temperature. The deposition temperature (Ts) effect was systematically studied using a wide range, 25-700 °C, using Si(100) substrates for Nb deposition. The direct correlation between deposition temperature (Ts) and electrical properties, surface/interface microstructure, crystal structure, and morphology of Nb films is reported. The Nb films deposited at higher temperature exhibit a higher degree of crystallinity and electrical conductivity. The Nb films' crystallite size varied from 5 to 9 (±1) nm and tensile strain occurs in Nb films as Ts increases. The surface/interface morphology of the deposited Nb films indicate the grain growth and dense, vertical columnar structure at elevated Ts. The surface roughness derived from measurements taken using atomic force microscopy reveal that all the Nb films are characteristically smooth with an average roughness <2 nm. The lowest electrical resistivity obtained was 48 µΩ cm. The correlations found here between growth conditions electrical properties as well as crystal structure, surface/interface morphology, and microstructure, could provide useful information for optimum conditions to produce Nb thin films for utilization in electronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Nivedita
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (L.R.N.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Avery Haubert
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Broida Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
| | - Anil K. Battu
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (L.R.N.); (A.K.B.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - C. V. Ramana
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (L.R.N.); (A.K.B.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Battu AK, Manandhar S, Shutthanandan V, Ramana C. Controlled optical properties via chemical composition tuning in molybdenum-incorporated β-Ga2O3 nanocrystalline films. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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