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Petrova SL, Jäger E, Jäger A, Höcherl A, Konefał R, Zhigunov A, Pavlova E, Janoušková O, Hrubý M. Development of an Acid-Labile Ketal Linked Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Nanoparticles for pH-Triggered Release of Paclitaxel. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091465. [PMID: 34062772 PMCID: PMC8124141 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report on the construction of biodegradable poly(ethylene oxide monomethyl ether) (MPEO)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) having acid-labile (acyclic ketal group) linkage at the block junction. In the presence of acidic pH, the nanoassemblies were destabilized as a consequence of cleaving this linkage. The amphiphilic MPEO-b-PCL diblock copolymer self-assembled in PBS solution into regular spherical NPs. The structure of self-assemble and disassemble NPs were characterized in detail by dynamic (DLS), static (SLS) light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The key of the obtained NPs is using them in a paclitaxel (PTX) delivery system and study their in vitro cytostatic activity in a cancer cell model. The acid-labile ketal linker enabled the disassembly of the NPs in a buffer simulating an acidic environment in endosomal (pH ~5.0 to ~6.0) and lysosomal (pH ~4.0 to ~5.0) cell compartments resulting in the release of paclitaxel (PTX) and formation of neutral degradation products. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the activity of the drug-loaded NPs was increased compared to the free PTX. The ability of the NPs to release the drug at the endosomal pH with concomitant high cytotoxicity makes them suitable candidates as a drug delivery system for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lukáš Petrova
- Correspondence: (S.L.P.); (A.J.); Tel.: +420-296-809-296 (S.L.P.); +420-296-809-274 (A.J.)
| | | | - Alessandro Jäger
- Correspondence: (S.L.P.); (A.J.); Tel.: +420-296-809-296 (S.L.P.); +420-296-809-274 (A.J.)
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Pandya AD, Jäger E, Bagheri Fam S, Höcherl A, Jäger A, Sincari V, Nyström B, Štěpánek P, Skotland T, Sandvig K, Hrubý M, Mælandsmo GM. Paclitaxel-loaded biodegradable ROS-sensitive nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6269-6285. [PMID: 31496685 PMCID: PMC6689768 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s208938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, trigger biodegradation of polymer-based nanoparticles (NPs) bearing pinacol-type boronic ester groups. These NPs may selectively release their cargo, in this case paclitaxel (PTX), at the high levels of ROS present in the intracellular environment of inflamed tissues and most tumors. Purpose The main objective was to determine anti-tumor efficacy of PTX-loaded ROS-sensitive NPs and to examine whether macrophage infiltration had any impact on treatment efficacy. Methods NPs were synthesized and their characteristics in the presence of H2O2 were demonstrated. Both confocal microscopy as well as flow cytometry approaches were used to determine degradation of ROS-sensitive NPs. HeLa cells were cultured in vitro and used to establish tumor xenografts in nude mice. In vivo experiments were performed to understand toxicity, biodistribution and anti-tumor efficacy of the NPs. Moreover, we performed immunohistochemistry on tumor sections to study infiltration of M1 and M2 subsets of macrophages. Results We demonstrated that PTX delivered in NPs containing a ROS-sensitive polymer exhibits a better anti-tumor efficacy than PTX in NPs containing ROS-non-sensitive polymer, free PTX or Abraxane® (nab-PTX). The biodistribution revealed that ROS-sensitive NPs exhibit retention in liver, spleen and lungs, suggesting a potential to target cancer metastasizing to these organs. Finally, we demonstrated a correlation between infiltrated macrophage subsets and treatment efficacy, possibly contributing to the efficient anti-tumor effects. Conclusion Treatment with ROS-sensitive NPs containing PTX gave an improved therapeutic effect in HeLa xenografts than their counterpart, free PTX or nab-PTX. Our data revealed a correlation between macrophage infiltration and efficiency of the different antitumor treatments, as the most effective NPs resulted in the highest infiltration of the anti-tumorigenic M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash D Pandya
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eliézer Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shahla Bagheri Fam
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anita Höcherl
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Sincari
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bo Nyström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tore Skotland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Sandvig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway - University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Kostina NY, Blanquer S, Pop‐Georgievski O, Rahimi K, Dittrich B, Höcherl A, Michálek J, Grijpma DW, Rodriguez‐Emmenegger C. Zwitterionic Functionalizable Scaffolds with Gyroid Pore Architecture for Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800403. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Yu. Kostina
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Sebastien Blanquer
- Institute Charles Gerhardt MontpellierCNRS—University of Montpellier—ENSCM 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Ognen Pop‐Georgievski
- Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i. Heyrovsky sq. 2 Prague 162 06 Czech Republic
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Barbara Dittrich
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Anita Höcherl
- Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i. Heyrovsky sq. 2 Prague 162 06 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Michálek
- Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i. Heyrovsky sq. 2 Prague 162 06 Czech Republic
| | - Dirk W. Grijpma
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology GroupTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff InstituteDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Cesar Rodriguez‐Emmenegger
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
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Jäger A, Jäger E, Syrová Z, Mazel T, Kováčik L, Raška I, Höcherl A, Kučka J, Konefal R, Humajova J, Poučková P, Štěpánek P, Hrubý M. Poly(ethylene oxide monomethyl ether)- block-poly(propylene succinate) Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization, Enzymatic and Cellular Degradation, Micellar Solubilization of Paclitaxel, and in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2443-2458. [PMID: 29601729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyester-based nanostructures are widely studied as drug-delivery systems due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. They are already used in the clinic. In this work, we describe a new and simple biodegradable and biocompatible system as the Food and Drug Administration approved polyesters (poly-ε-caprolactone, polylactic acid, and poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)) for the delivery of the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) as a model drug. A hydrophobic polyester, poly(propylene succinate) (PPS), was prepared from a nontoxic alcohol (propylene glycol) and monomer from the Krebs's cycle (succinic acid) in two steps via esterification and melt polycondensation. Furthermore, their amphiphilic block copolyester, poly(ethylene oxide monomethyl ether)- block-poly(propylene succinate) (mPEO- b-PPS), was prepared by three steps via esterification followed by melt polycondensation and the addition of mPEO to the PPS macromolecules. Analysis of the in vitro cellular behavior of the prepared nanoparticle carriers (NPs) (enzymatic degradation, uptake, localization, and fluorescence resonance energy-transfer pair degradation studies) was performed by fluorescence studies. PTX was loaded to the NPs of variable sizes (30, 70, and 150 nm), and their in vitro release was evaluated in different cell models and compared with commercial PTX formulations. The mPEO- b-PPS copolymer analysis displays glass transition temperature < body temperature < melting temperature, lower toxicity (including the toxicity of their degradation products), drug solubilization efficacy, stability against spontaneous hydrolysis during transport in bloodstream, and simultaneous enzymatic degradability after uptake into the cells. The detailed cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo tumor efficacy studies have shown the superior efficacy of the NPs compared with PTX and PTX commercial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovsky Square 2 , 162 06 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Eliézer Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovsky Square 2 , 162 06 Prague , Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Anita Höcherl
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovsky Square 2 , 162 06 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kučka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovsky Square 2 , 162 06 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Rafal Konefal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovsky Square 2 , 162 06 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jana Humajova
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Salmovska 1 , 120 00 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Poučková
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Salmovska 1 , 120 00 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovsky Square 2 , 162 06 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Heyrovsky Square 2 , 162 06 Prague , Czech Republic
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Loukotová L, Kučka J, Rabyk M, Höcherl A, Venclíková K, Janoušková O, Páral P, Kolářová V, Heizer T, Šefc L, Štěpánek P, Hrubý M. Thermoresponsive β-glucan-based polymers for bimodal immunoradiotherapy – Are they able to promote the immune system? J Control Release 2017; 268:78-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Höcherl A, Jäger E, Janoušková O, Štěpánek P, Hrubý M. Reactive oxygen species-cleavable self-immolative diethylstilbestrol polyester nanoparticles give rise to cancer hormone therapy with minimized side effects. J Control Release 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Höcherl A, Jäger E, Jäger A, Hrubý M, Konefał R, Janoušková O, Spěváček J, Jiang Y, Schmidt PW, Lodge TP, Štěpánek P. One-pot synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-self-immolative polyoxalate prodrug nanoparticles for hormone dependent cancer therapy with minimized side effects. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00270j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One-pot synthesis of ROS-self-immolative polyoxalate prodrug NPs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Höcherl
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Eliézer Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Spěváček
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Yaming Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | | | | - Petr Štěpánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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Jäger E, Höcherl A, Janoušková O, Jäger A, Hrubý M, Konefał R, Netopilik M, Pánek J, Šlouf M, Ulbrich K, Štěpánek P. Fluorescent boronate-based polymer nanoparticles with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered cargo release for drug-delivery applications. Nanoscale 2016; 8:6958-6963. [PMID: 26961769 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00791k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new drug-delivery system of polymer nanoparticles (NPs) bearing pinacol-type boronic ester and alkyne moieties displaying triggered self-immolative polymer degradation in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the capability of cellular imaging is presented. The NPs specifically release their drug cargo under concentrations of ROS that are commonly found in the intracellular environment of certain tumors and of inflamed tissues and exhibit significant cytotoxicity to cancer cells compared to their non-ROS-responsive counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliézer Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Anita Höcherl
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Alessandro Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Miloš Netopilik
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Pánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Jäger A, Jäger E, Surman F, Höcherl A, Angelov B, Ulbrich K, Drechsler M, Garamus VM, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Nallet F, Štěpánek P. Nanoparticles of the poly([N-(2-hydroxypropyl)]methacrylamide)-b-poly[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate] diblock copolymer for pH-triggered release of paclitaxel. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00567a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential of self-assembled nanoparticles for in vitro cytostatic activity has been explored on cancer cells.
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Jäger E, Donato RK, Perchacz M, Jäger A, Surman F, Höcherl A, Konefał R, Donato KZ, Venturini CG, Bergamo VZ, Schrekker HS, Fuentefria AM, Raucci MG, Ambrosio L, Štěpánek P. Biocompatible succinic acid-based polyesters for potential biomedical applications: fungal biofilm inhibition and mesenchymal stem cell growth. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15858c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(alkene succinates) are promising materials for specialized medical devices and tissue engineering, presenting intrinsic properties, such as; fungal biofilm inhibition, biocompatibility and stem cells controlled growth promotion.
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Höcherl A, Landfester K, Mailänder V. Absolute quantitation of sub-micrometer particles in cells by flow cytometry. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1568-75. [PMID: 23966275 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Absolute quantitative measurements of nanoparticle (NP) uptake are a prerequisite to determine doses of NPs in pharmacological and toxicological studies. However, absolute quantitation is rarely reported, hindering the comparison between different studies. Here, a new flow cytometric approach is presented to analyze fluorescent NPs with a "standard" non-scanning flow cytometer and to quantify them inside cells. The mean fluorescence intensity of a single particle and the particle concentration (NPs per μL medium) are obtained. A routine for rapid quantitative counting of the endocytosed NPs in HeLa cells by flow cytometry (FC) is developed and validated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. As a proof-of-concept, the quantitative measurements show that the cellular uptake efficiency of negatively charged poly(methyl methacrylate) NPs is very low, that is, in the range of 10(-3) % of the added particle amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Höcherl
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55129, Mainz, Germany
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Höcherl A, Dass M, Landfester K, Mailänder V, Musyanovych A. Competitive Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles Made From Polystyrene, Poly(methyl methacrylate), and Polylactide. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:454-64. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Lorenz MR, Kohnle MV, Dass M, Walther P, Höcherl A, Ziener U, Landfester K, Mailänder V. Synthesis of fluorescent polyisoprene nanoparticles and their uptake into various cells. Macromol Biosci 2008; 8:711-27. [PMID: 18504805 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200700336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent polyisoprene nanoparticles were synthesized by the miniemulsion technique as marker particles for cells. The uptake of the non-functionalized polyisoprene nanoparticles, without any transfection agents, into different adherent (HeLa) and also suspension (Jurkat) cell lines is strikingly efficient and fast compared to other polymeric particles, and leads to high loading of the cells. The intracellular polyisoprene particles are localized as single particles in endosomes distributed throughout the entire cytoplasm. The uptake kinetics shows that particle internalization starts during the first minutes of incubation and is finished after 48 h of incubation. Since (unfunctionalized) polystyrene particles show a comparable, low uptake behavior in cells, the uptake rates can be tuned by the amount of polystyrene in polyisoprene/polystyrene copolymer particles. As polyisoprene nanoparticles are internalized by different cell lines that are relevant for biomedical applications, they can be used to label these cells efficiently if a marker is incorporated in the particles. As polyisoprene is not or is hardly biodegradable the particles should be suited for long-term applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam R Lorenz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III - Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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