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Devaraj A, Elsakka M, Makki D, Zamir M, Dubey V. Pseudoaneurysm - A Late and Rare Occurrence Following Shoulder Arthroscopy. J Orthop Case Rep 2023; 13:65-69. [PMID: 37521384 PMCID: PMC10379266 DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2023.v13.i07.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of vascular injuries from arthroscopic surgeries has been reported to be 0.005%. Pseudoaneurysms account for 11% of those injuries. Case Report In this case report, we discuss a 76-year-old female who presented with a pulsatile swelling in the right shoulder after 10 years following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Imaging confirmed the diagnosis of a posterior circumflex artery pseudoaneurysm. The patient was successfully embolised using a transradial approach with thrombosis of the pseudoaneurysm. Conclusion Vascular injuries following arthroscopic shoulder surgery are rare. However, a pseudoaneurysm should be considered in patients who present with swelling at the surgical site, regardless of the post-operative interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankitha Devaraj
- Department of Acute Medicine, Watford General Hospital, West Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Watford, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Mohamed Elsakka
- Department of Radiology, Watford General Hospital, West Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Watford, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Daoud Makki
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Watford General Hospital, West Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Watford, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Muhammad Zamir
- Department of Radiology, Watford General Hospital, West Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Watford, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Vivek Dubey
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Watford General Hospital, West Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Watford, Hertfordshire, UK
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Zhang Y, Sherlock S, Brambilla C, MacMahon S, Thompson L, Rice A, Robertus J, Lim E, Begum S, Buderi S, Jordan S, Anikin V, Finch J, Asadi N, Beddow E, McDonald F, Antoniou G, Moffatt M, Cookson W, Shah P, Devaraj A, Popat S, Nicholson A. EP11.03-003 Adenocarcinoma Grade Correlates with PD-L1 and TP53, but not EGFR/KRAS Status and Diagnostic Yield: Analysis of 346 Cases. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Sheeka A, Singaravelou A, Bartlett E, Sivarasan N, Rawal B, Devaraj A, Desai S, Padley S, Ridge C. EP06.01-008 COVID-Protected Pathways for Image Guided Lunc Cancer Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Study. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9452024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Devaraj A, Raoof J, Janjua O, Tsang K, Zamir M. Sudden perceived absence of foetal movement - a unique presentation of a vertebral haemangioma in pregnancy. BJR Case Rep 2022; 8:20200199. [PMID: 35136631 PMCID: PMC8803233 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20200199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Symptomatic vertebral haemangiomas that present during pregnancy are extremely uncommon with few cases reported in literature. Epidural haemangiomas are rarer still with few documented. METHODS In this report, we describe the case of a 22-year-old pregnant patient who presented with apparent loss of foetal movement at 38 weeks' gestation. Clinical review demonstrated the foetus was well but neurological examination revealed lower limb paresthesia, paresis and evident uterine hypoesthesia. An MRI scan illustrated a haemangioma in the T1 vertebral body with an epidural component causing cord compression. RESULTS The management of spinal haemangiomas that present during pregnancy is a complex clinical scenario, which requires careful multidisciplinary consideration to determine if surgical intervention is appropriate. In this case, the patient had an emergency caesarean section followed by posterior decompression and laminectomy of the T1 vertebra with excellent post-operative recovery. CONCLUSION Gestational increase in the size of vertebral haemangiomas is well documented. We discuss a rare case in which a young pregnant patient presents with an atypical symptom of a vertebral haemangioma (uterine hypoesthesia). This case highlights the importance of prompt imaging in these scenarios and a cohesive multidisciplinary approach in order to provide optimal treatment for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankitha Devaraj
- Watford General Hospital, West Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Vicarage Road, Watford, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jamaal Raoof
- Lincoln County Hospital, Greetwell Road, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
| | - Osman Janjua
- University Hospital Monklands, Monkscourt Avenue, Airdrie, UK
| | - Kevin Tsang
- St Mary’s Hospital, Praed Street, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Zamir
- Watford General Hospital, West Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Vicarage Road, Watford, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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Horst C, Dickson J, Tisi S, Hall H, Verghese P, Mullin A, Farrelly L, Levermore C, Gyertson K, Clarke C, Allen B, Hamilton S, Hartman A, Nair A, Devaraj A, Hackshaw A, Janes S. P41.04 The SUMMIT Study: Pulmonary Nodule and Incidental Findings in the First 10,000 Participants of a Population-Based Low-Dose CT Screening Study. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kautz EJ, Devaraj A, Senor DJ, Harilal SS. Hydrogen isotopic analysis of nuclear reactor materials using ultrafast laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Opt Express 2021; 29:4936-4946. [PMID: 33726039 DOI: 10.1364/oe.412351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a promising method for rapidly measuring hydrogen and its isotopes, critical to a wide range of disciplines (e.g. nuclear energy, hydrogen storage). However, line broadening can hinder the ability to detect finely spaced isotopic shifts. Here, the effects of varying plasma generation conditions (nanosecond versus femtosecond laser ablation) and ambient environments (argon versus helium gas) on spectral features generated from Zircaloy-4 targets with varying hydrogen isotopic compositions were studied. Time-resolved 2D spectral imaging was employed to detail the spatial distribution of species throughout plasma evolution. Results highlight that hydrogen and deuterium isotopic shifts can be measured with minimal spectral broadening in a ∼ 10 Torr helium gas environment using ultrafast laser-produced plasmas.
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7
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Frank M, Nene SS, Chen Y, Gwalani B, Kautz EJ, Devaraj A, An K, Mishra RS. Correlating work hardening with co-activation of stacking fault strengthening and transformation in a high entropy alloy using in-situ neutron diffraction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22263. [PMID: 33335268 PMCID: PMC7747568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) leads to enhancements in ductility in low stacking fault energy (SFE) alloys, however to achieve an unconventional increase in strength simultaneously, there must be barriers to dislocation motion. While stacking faults (SFs) contribute to strengthening by impeding dislocation motion, the contribution of SF strengthening to work hardening during deformation is not well understood; as compared to dislocation slip, twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) and TRIP. Thus, we used in-situ neutron diffraction to correlate SF strengthening to work hardening behavior in a low SFE Fe40Mn20Cr15Co20Si5 (at%) high entropy alloy, SFE ~ 6.31 mJ m−2. Cooperative activation of multiple mechanisms was indicated by increases in SF strengthening and γ-f.c.c. → ε-h.c.p. transformation leading to a simultaneous increase in strength and ductility. The present study demonstrates the application of in-situ, neutron or X-ray, diffraction techniques to correlating SF strengthening to work hardening.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Frank
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - S S Nene
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA.,Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, 342037, India
| | - Y Chen
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - B Gwalani
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - E J Kautz
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - A Devaraj
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - K An
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - R S Mishra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA.
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8
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Barnett J, Pulzato I, Javed M, Lee YJ, Choraria A, Kemp SV, Rice A, Jordan S, Shah PL, Nicholson AG, Padley S, Devaraj A. Radiological-pathological correlation of negative CT biopsy results enables high negative predictive value for thoracic malignancy. Clin Radiol 2020; 76:77.e9-77.e15. [PMID: 33059852 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate multidisciplinary team (MDT) practice of radiological-pathological correlation of non-malignant biopsy results to examine the additive effect on the predictive values of computed tomography (CT) biopsy for malignancy and their subsequent management and outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A service evaluation of the MDT management of non-malignant lung biopsy results (May 2014- May 2017) was undertaken. RESULTS Sixty patients had a non-malignant diagnosis on initial CT biopsy. Five patients were lost to follow-up leaving 55 in the final cohort. Forty-eight of the 55 patients had biopsy results classified as potentially non-specific, of which 26 were classified as concordant with radiology (e.g., organising pneumonia with compatible CT features), and 22 were classified as discordant (e.g., non-specific inflammation and yet sufficiently suspicious CT features). Patients with concordant negative pathology showed resolution (n=19) or stability (n=6) on imaging follow-up. One lesion demonstrated growth and was proven malignant on surgical resection. Discordant lesions were managed with repeat biopsy (n=8) or surgical resection (n=13), with 12 final benign diagnoses and nine malignancies. The negative predictive value of CT biopsy alone was 44/55 (80%), following repeat biopsy was 44/50 (88%), and following radiological-pathological assessment was 32/33 (97%). No patients underwent a shift in stage from time of biopsy to resection. CONCLUSION Combining radiological-pathological interpretation of negative biopsy results offers superior negative predictive value for lung malignancy without delayed diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barnett
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK.
| | - I Pulzato
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - M Javed
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Y J Lee
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - A Choraria
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - S V Kemp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - A Rice
- Department of Pathology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - S Jordan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - P L Shah
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK; National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - A G Nicholson
- Department of Pathology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK; National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - S Padley
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK; National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - A Devaraj
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, Chelsea, London, SW3 6NP, UK; National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
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9
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McCarroll I, Bagot P, Devaraj A, Perea D, Cairney J. New frontiers in atom probe tomography: a review of research enabled by cryo and/or vacuum transfer systems. Mater Today Adv 2020; 7:100090. [PMID: 33103106 PMCID: PMC7581275 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2020.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There has been a recent surge in the use of cryo and/or vacuum specimen preparation and transfer systems to broaden the scope of research enabled by the microscopy technique of atom probe tomography. This is driven by the fact that, as for many microscopes, the application of atom probes to air- and temperature-sensitive materials or wet biological specimens has previously been limited by transfer through air at room temperature. Here we provide an overview of areas of research that benefit from these new transfer and analysis protocols, as well as a review of current advances in transfer devices, environmental cells, and glove boxes for controlled specimen manipulation. This includes the study of catalysis and corrosion, biological samples, liquid-solid interfaces, natural aging, and the distribution of hydrogen in materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.E. McCarroll
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - P.A.J. Bagot
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - A. Devaraj
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - D.E. Perea
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - J.M. Cairney
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Corresponding author. (J.M. Cairney)
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Nair A, Rodrigues JCL, Hare SS, Edey A, Devaraj A, Jacob J, Johnstone A, McStay R, Denton E, Robinson G. A British Society of Thoracic Imaging statement: considerations in designing local imaging diagnostic algorithms for the COVID-19 pandemic. A reply. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:637. [PMID: 32507313 PMCID: PMC7261445 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Nair
- University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - S S Hare
- Royal Free London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Edey
- Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - A Devaraj
- The Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Jacob
- University College London, London, UK
| | - A Johnstone
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - R McStay
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - E Denton
- Norfolk and Norwick University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - G Robinson
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK.
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Rodrigues JCL, Hare SS, Edey A, Devaraj A, Jacob J, Johnstone A, McStay R, Nair A, Robinson G. An update on COVID-19 for the radiologist - A British society of Thoracic Imaging statement. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:323-325. [PMID: 32216962 PMCID: PMC7138157 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J C L Rodrigues
- Department of Radiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK
| | - S S Hare
- Department of Radiology, Royal Free London NHS Trust, London, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QJ, UK
| | - A Edey
- Department of Radiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - A Devaraj
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - J Jacob
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London, NW1 2BU, UK; Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - A Johnstone
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - R McStay
- Department of Radiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - A Nair
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - G Robinson
- Department of Radiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK.
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12
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Hare SS, Rodrigues JCL, Jacob J, Edey A, Devaraj A, Johnstone A, McStay R, Nair A, Robinson G. A UK-wide British Society of Thoracic Imaging COVID-19 imaging repository and database: design, rationale and implications for education and research. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:326-328. [PMID: 32222251 PMCID: PMC7138155 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S S Hare
- Department of Radiology, Royal Free London NHS Trust, London, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QJ, UK
| | - J C L Rodrigues
- Department of Radiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK
| | - J Jacob
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London, NW1 2BU, UK; Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - A Edey
- Department of Radiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - A Devaraj
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - A Johnstone
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - R McStay
- Department of Radiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - A Nair
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - G Robinson
- Department of Radiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK.
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13
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Nair A, Rodrigues JCL, Hare S, Edey A, Devaraj A, Jacob J, Johnstone A, McStay R, Denton E, Robinson G. A British Society of Thoracic Imaging statement: considerations in designing local imaging diagnostic algorithms for the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:329-334. [PMID: 32265036 PMCID: PMC7128118 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Nair
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - J C L Rodrigues
- Department of Radiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK
| | - S Hare
- Department of Radiology, Royal Free London NHS Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QJ, UK
| | - A Edey
- Department of Radiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Road, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - A Devaraj
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - J Jacob
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London, NW1 2BU, UK; Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - A Johnstone
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - R McStay
- Department of Radiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Erika Denton
- Department of Radiology, Norfolk and Norwick University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - G Robinson
- Department of Radiology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Combe Park, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK.
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Horst C, Dickson J, Tisi S, Hall H, Mullin AM, Farrelly L, Gyertson K, Levermore C, Steele R, Knights T, Clarke C, Allen B, Hamilton S, Hartmann AR, Nair A, Devaraj A, Hackshaw A, Janes S. SUMMIT study: protocolised management of pulmonary nodules in a lung cancer screening cohort. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Soo E, Edey A, Mak S, Moser J, Mohammadi S, Rodrigues T, Duffy S, Field J, Baldwin D, Nair A, Devaraj A. Impact of choice of volumetry software and nodule management guidelines on recall rates in lung cancer screening. Eur J Radiol 2019; 120:108646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Barnett J, Pulzato I, Burn T, Zafar S, Hine J, Bartlett E, Shah P, Nicholson A, Ridge C, Padley S, Molyneaux P, Kemp S, Devaraj A. P1.11-30 Very Rapid Growth of Small Pulmonary Nodules Predicts Benignity. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Marcus M, Duffy S, Devaraj A, Oudkerk M, Baldwin D, Field J. P1.11-32 The UKLS Nodule Risk Model (UKLS-NRM): Utilising Nodule Volumetry. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Janes S, Dickson J, Devaraj A, Horst C, Quaife S, Levermore C, Gyertson K, Mullin A, Farrelly L, Allen B, Zhang N, Clarke C, Hamilton S, Hartman A, Hackshaw A. P1.11-19 Trial in Progress: Cancer Screening Study With or Without Low Dose Lung CT to Validate a Multi-Cancer Early Detection Blood Test. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Bartlett E, Kemp S, Desai S, Mirsadraee S, Ridge C, Morjaria J, Shah P, Morris K, Derbyshire J, Chen M, Peacock C, Ivashniova N, Martins M, Addis J, Padley S, Devaraj A. MA10.10 Uptake in Lung Cancer Screening – Does CT Location Matter? A Pilot Study Comparison of a Mobile and Hospital Based CT Scanner. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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El-Atwani O, Li N, Li M, Devaraj A, Baldwin JKS, Schneider MM, Sobieraj D, Wróbel JS, Nguyen-Manh D, Maloy SA, Martinez E. Outstanding radiation resistance of tungsten-based high-entropy alloys. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav2002. [PMID: 30838329 PMCID: PMC6397024 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A body-centered cubic W-based refractory high entropy alloy with outstanding radiation resistance has been developed. The alloy was grown as thin films showing a bimodal grain size distribution in the nanocrystalline and ultrafine regimes and a unique 4-nm lamella-like structure revealed by atom probe tomography (APT). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction show certain black spots appearing after thermal annealing at elevated temperatures. TEM and APT analysis correlated the black spots with second-phase particles rich in Cr and V. No sign of irradiation-created dislocation loops, even after 8 dpa, was observed. Furthermore, nanomechanical testing shows a large hardness of 14 GPa in the as-deposited samples, with near negligible irradiation hardening. Theoretical modeling combining ab initio and Monte Carlo techniques predicts the formation of Cr- and V-rich second-phase particles and points at equal mobilities of point defects as the origin of the exceptional radiation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. El-Atwani
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Corresponding author. (O.E.); (E.M.)
| | - N. Li
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, MPA-CINT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - M. Li
- Division of Nuclear Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - A. Devaraj
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - J. K. S. Baldwin
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, MPA-CINT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - M. M. Schneider
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - D. Sobieraj
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Ulica Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. S. Wróbel
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Ulica Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D. Nguyen-Manh
- Department of Materials Science and Scientific Computing, CCFE, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3DB, UK
| | - S. A. Maloy
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - E. Martinez
- Theoretical Division, T-1, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Corresponding author. (O.E.); (E.M.)
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Horst C, Ruparel M, Dickson J, Quaife S, Hall H, Tisi S, Taylor M, Ahmed A, Shaw P, Burke S, Soo M, Nair A, Devaraj A, Duffy S, Waller J, Navani N, Bhowmik A, Baldwin D, Janes S. Optimising nodule management with data from the Lung Screen Uptake Trial. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Woznitza N, Devaraj A, Janes S, Duffy S, Rowe S, Bhowmik A, Maughn S, Piper K, Baldwin D. Impact of radiographer immediate reporting of chest x-rays from general practice on the lung cancer pathway (radioX). Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Barnett J, Pulzato I, Padley S, Jordan S, Nicholson A, Rice A, Choraria A, Javed M, Lee Y, Kemp S, Shah P, Devaraj A. Radiological-pathological correlation of negative CT biopsy results enables high negative predictive value for thoracic malignancy. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ruparel M, Dickson J, Quaife S, Sophie T, Hall H, Horst C, Taylor M, Ahmed A, Shaw P, Burke S, Soo M, Nair A, Devaraj A, Duffy S, Waller J, Navani N, Bhowmik A, Baldwin D, Janes S. Results from a prevalence round of LDCT screening for lung cancer in the Lung Screen Uptake Trial. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Veiga C, Landau D, Devaraj A, Doel T, Ngai Y, Hawkes D, McClelland J. Objective CT-Based Imaging Biomarkers of Radiation-Induced Lung Damage. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.06.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tavare AN, Hare SS, Miller FNA, Hammond CJ, Edey A, Devaraj A. A survey of UK percutaneous lung biopsy practice: current practices in the era of early detection, oncogenetic profiling, and targeted treatments. Clin Radiol 2018; 73:800-809. [PMID: 29921442 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To ascertain current percutaneous lung biopsy practices around the UK. MATERIALS AND METHODS A web-based survey was sent to all British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) and British Society of Interventional Radiology (BSIR) members (May 2017) assessing all aspects of lung biopsy practice. Responses were collected anonymously. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-nine completed responses were received (28.8% response rate). Of the respondents, 48.5% worked in a teaching hospital and 51.5% in a district general hospital, while 32.6% (78/239) were specialist thoracic radiologists, 29.2% (70/239) "general" radiologists with a thoracic subspecialty interest, and 28% (67/239) interventional radiologists. Of the respondents, 30.1% (72/239) did not require pre-biopsy lung function tests (PFTs); 45.6% (108/237) stopped aspirin before the procedure; 97.5% primarily use computed tomography (CT) guidance for biopsy and 88.7% (212/239) perform core needle biopsy (CNB); and 86.6% of radiologists use a co-axial technique. There was wide variation in the number of samples routinely taken with most radiologists performing 1-2 passes (55.9%) or 3-4 passes (40.8%). Sixty-four percent reported using chest drain prevention techniques to minimise the impact of iatrogenic pneumothorax, with needle aspiration most frequent (43.9%). Timing of post-biopsy chest radiography (CXR), performed by 95.8% (228/239), also varied greatly: most commonly at either 1 hour (23%), 2 hours (24.7%), or 4 hours (22.6%). Moreover, the time of patient discharge after uncomplicated biopsy was variable, although the majority (66.1%) discharge patients after ≥4 hours. CONCLUSION There are striking variations among surveyed UK radiologists performing lung biopsy in decision-making, pre-biopsy work-up, post-biopsy monitoring, management of pneumothorax, and discharge. The results suggest a need for new updated national percutaneous lung biopsy guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Tavare
- Radiology Department, Barnet Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S S Hare
- Radiology Department, Barnet Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - F N A Miller
- Radiology Department, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - C J Hammond
- Department of Vascular Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - A Edey
- Radiology Department, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, UK
| | - A Devaraj
- Radiology Department, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, UK.
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Ishida T, Wakai E, Hagiwara M, Makimura S, Tada M, Asner D, Casella A, Devaraj A, Edwards D, Prabhakaran R, Senor D, Hartz M, Bhadra S, Fiorentini A, Cadabeschi M, Martin J, Konaka A, Marino A, Atherthon A, Densham C, Fitton M, Ammigan K, Hurh P. Study of the radiation damage effect on Titanium metastable beta alloy by high intensity proton beam. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Veiga C, Landau D, Devaraj A, Doel T, Hawkes D, McClelland J. Quantification of Radiation Therapy-Induced Diaphragmatic Changes Using Serial CT Imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Moser JB, Mak SM, McNulty WH, Padley S, Nair A, Shah PL, Devaraj A. The influence of inspiratory effort and emphysema on pulmonary nodule volumetry reproducibility. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:925-929. [PMID: 28784319 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of inspiratory effort and emphysema on reproducibility of pulmonary nodule volumetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-eight nodules in 24 patients with emphysema were studied retrospectively. All patients had undergone volumetric inspiratory and end-expiratory thoracic computed tomography (CT) for consideration of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction. Inspiratory and expiratory nodule volumes were measured using commercially available software. Local emphysema extent was established by analysing a segmentation area extended circumferentially around each nodule (quantified as percent of lung with density of -950 HU or less). Lung volumes were established using the same software. Differences in inspiratory and expiratory nodule volumes were illustrated using the Bland-Altman test. The influences of percentage reduction in lung volume at expiration, local emphysema extent, and nodule size on nodule volume variability were tested with multiple linear regression. RESULTS The majority of nodules (59/88 [67%]) showed an increased volume at expiration. Mean difference in nodule volume between expiration and inspiration was +7.5% (95% confidence interval: -24.1, 39.1%). No relationships were demonstrated between nodule volume variability and emphysema extent, degree of expiration, or nodule size. CONCLUSION Expiration causes a modest increase in volumetry-derived nodule volumes; however, the effect is unpredictable. Local emphysema extent had no significant effect on volume variability in the present cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Moser
- Department of Radiology, St George's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S M Mak
- Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - W H McNulty
- The National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Imperial College, London, UK; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Padley
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Nair
- Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - P L Shah
- The National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Imperial College, London, UK; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Devaraj
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Veiga C, Landau D, Devaraj A, Doel T, Hawkes D, McClelland J. EP-1712: Quantification of radiotherapy-induced mediastinum changes using serial CT imaging. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)32244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Devaraj A. Special issue on thoracic imaging. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:341-342. [PMID: 28285705 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Devaraj
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK.
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Skevington-Postles L, Akers S, George P, Housley G, Beadle J, Devaraj A, Chua F. P166 The emerging role of airway clearance techniques in the treatment of interstitial lung disease. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Freire MO, Devaraj A, Young A, Navarro JB, Downey JS, Chen C, Bakaletz LO, Zadeh HH, Goodman SD. A bacterial-biofilm-induced oral osteolytic infection can be successfully treated by immuno-targeting an extracellular nucleoid-associated protein. Mol Oral Microbiol 2016; 32:74-88. [PMID: 26931773 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease exemplifies a chronic and recurrent infection with a necessary biofilm component. Mucosal inflammation is a hallmark response of the host seen in chronic diseases, such as colitis, gingivitis, and periodontitis (and the related disorder peri-implantitis). We have taken advantage of our recently developed rat model of human peri-implantitis that recapitulates osteolysis, the requirement of biofilm formation, and the perpetuation of the bona fide disease state, to test a new therapeutic modality with two novel components. First we used hyperimmune antiserum directed against the DNABII family of proteins, now known to be a critical component of the extracellular matrix of bacterial biofilms. Second we delivered the antiserum as cargo in biodegradable microspheres to the site of the biofilm infection. We demonstrated that delivery of a single dose of anti-DNABII in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres induced significant resolution of experimental peri-implantitis, including marked reduction of inflammation. These data support the continued development of a DNABII protein-targeted therapeutic for peri-implantitis and other chronic inflammatory pathologies of the oral cavity in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Freire
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Devaraj
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Young
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J B Navarro
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J S Downey
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Chen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L O Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H H Zadeh
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Laboratory for Immunoregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S D Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Field JK, Duffy SW, Baldwin DR, Whynes DK, Devaraj A, Brain KE, Eisen T, Gosney J, Green BA, Holemans JA, Kavanagh T, Kerr KM, Ledson M, Lifford KJ, McRonald FE, Nair A, Page RD, Parmar MKB, Rassl DM, Rintoul RC, Screaton NJ, Wald NJ, Weller D, Williamson PR, Yadegarfar G, Hansell DM. UK Lung Cancer RCT Pilot Screening Trial: baseline findings from the screening arm provide evidence for the potential implementation of lung cancer screening. Thorax 2015; 71:161-70. [PMID: 26645413 PMCID: PMC4752629 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer screening using low-dose CT (LDCT) was shown to reduce lung cancer mortality by 20% in the National Lung Screening Trial. Methods The pilot UK Lung Cancer Screening (UKLS) is a randomised controlled trial of LDCT screening for lung cancer versus usual care. A population-based questionnaire was used to identify high-risk individuals. CT screen-detected nodules were managed by a pre-specified protocol. Cost effectiveness was modelled with reference to the National Lung Cancer Screening Trial mortality reduction. Results 247 354 individuals aged 50–75 years were approached; 30.7% expressed an interest, 8729 (11.5%) were eligible and 4055 were randomised, 2028 into the CT arm (1994 underwent a CT). Forty-two participants (2.1%) had confirmed lung cancer, 34 (1.7%) at baseline and 8 (0.4%) at the 12-month scan. 28/42 (66.7%) had stage I disease, 36/42 (85.7%) had stage I or II disease. 35/42 (83.3%) had surgical resection. 536 subjects had nodules greater than 50 mm3 or 5 mm diameter and 41/536 were found to have lung cancer. One further cancer was detected by follow-up of nodules between 15 and 50 mm3 at 12 months. The baseline estimate for the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of once-only CT screening, under the UKLS protocol, was £8466 per quality adjusted life year gained (CI £5542 to £12 569). Conclusions The UKLS pilot trial demonstrated that it is possible to detect lung cancer at an early stage and deliver potentially curative treatment in over 80% of cases. Health economic analysis suggests that the intervention would be cost effective—this needs to be confirmed using data on observed lung cancer mortality reduction. Trial registration ISRCTN 78513845.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Field
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S W Duffy
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - D R Baldwin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - D K Whynes
- School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Devaraj
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K E Brain
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - T Eisen
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Gosney
- Department of Pathology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - B A Green
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J A Holemans
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool UK
| | - T Kavanagh
- Lung Cancer Patient Advocate, Liverpool, UK
| | - K M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M Ledson
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool UK
| | - K J Lifford
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - F E McRonald
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Nair
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R D Page
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool UK
| | - M K B Parmar
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, UK
| | - D M Rassl
- Department of Histopathology, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - R C Rintoul
- Department of Histopathology, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - N J Screaton
- Department of Histopathology, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - N J Wald
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - D Weller
- Center for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P R Williamson
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G Yadegarfar
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D M Hansell
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Abstract
The prevailing questions at this time in both the public mind and the clinical establishment is, do we have sufficient evidence to implement lung cancer Computed Tomography (CT) screening in Europe? If not, what is outstanding? This review addresses the twelve major areas, which are critical to any decision to implement CT screening and where we need to assess whether we have sufficient evidence to proceed to a recommendation for implementation in Europe. The readiness level of these twelve categories in 2015 have been with colour coded, where green indicates we have sufficient evidence, amber is borderline evidence and red requires further evidence. Recruitment from the 'Hard to Reach' community still remains at red, while mortality data, cost effectiveness and screening interval are all categorised as amber. The integration of smoking cessation into CT screening programmes is still considered to be category amber. The US Preventive Services Task Force have recommended that CT screening is implemented in the USA utilising the NLST criteria, apart from continuing screening to 80 years of age. The cost effectiveness of the NLST was calculated to be $81,000/QALY, however, its well recognised that the costs of medical care in the USA, is far higher than that of Europe. Medicare have agreed to cover the cost of screening but have stipulated a number of stringent requirements for inclusion. To date we do not have good CT screening mortality data available in Europe and eagerly await the publication of the NELSON trial data in 2016 and then the pooled UKLS and NELSON data thereafter. However in the meantime we should start planning for implementation in Europe, especially in the areas of the radiological service provision and accreditation, as well as identifying novel mechanisms to recruit from the hardest to reach communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Field
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, The University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, The Apex Building 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
| | - A Devaraj
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK.
| | - S W Duffy
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - D R Baldwin
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, David Evans Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
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Devaraj A, Gu M, Colby R, Yan P, Wang CM, Zheng JM, Xiao J, Genc A, Zhang JG, Belharouak I, Wang D, Amine K, Thevuthasan S. Visualizing nanoscale 3D compositional fluctuation of lithium in advanced lithium-ion battery cathodes. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8014. [PMID: 26272722 PMCID: PMC4557343 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of cations in Li-ion battery cathodes as a function of cycling is a pivotal characteristic of battery performance. The transition metal cation distribution has been shown to affect cathode performance; however, Li is notoriously challenging to characterize with typical imaging techniques. Here laser-assisted atom probe tomography (APT) is used to map the three-dimensional distribution of Li at a sub-nanometre spatial resolution and correlate it with the distribution of the transition metal cations (M) and the oxygen. As-fabricated layered Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 is shown to have Li-rich Li2MO3 phase regions and Li-depleted Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2 regions. Cycled material has an overall loss of Li in addition to Ni-, Mn- and Li-rich regions. Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is shown to have a uniform distribution of all cations. APT results were compared to energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping with a scanning transmission electron microscope to confirm the transition metal cation distribution. It is challenging to quantitatively diagnose the lithium-ion distribution in batteries. Here, the authors use laser-assisted atom probe tomography to probe the nanoscale compositional fluctuations of lithium ions in two popular lithium-ion battery cathodes before and after electrochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Devaraj
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Gu
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - R Colby
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - P Yan
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - C M Wang
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J M Zheng
- Energy and Environmental Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J Xiao
- Energy and Environmental Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A Genc
- FEI Company, 5350 NE Dawson Creek Dr., Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, USA
| | - J G Zhang
- Energy and Environmental Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - I Belharouak
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, PO box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - D Wang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Thevuthasan
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA.,Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, PO box 5825, Doha, Qatar
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Field J, Devaraj A, Baldwin D, Holemans J, Screaton N, Ledson M, Rintoul R, Nair A, Gosney J, Rassl D, Kerr K, Duffy S, Hansell D. 66 UK Lung Cancer Screening trial (UKLS): Prevalence data at baseline. Lung Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(14)70066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anuradha T, Devaraj A, Seshadri PR, Bakthadoss M. Methyl 3′-benzyl-4′-(2-chlorophenyl)-1′-methyl-2-oxospiro[indoline-3,2′-pyrrolidine]-3′-carboxylate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o1214. [PMID: 24109309 PMCID: PMC3793722 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813018424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C27H25ClN2O3, the methylpyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the N atom at the flap. The mean plane of the pyrrolidine ring makes dihedral angles of 82.1 (1), 84.4 (1) and 79.8 (1)°, respectively, with the adjacent benzene ring, the mean plane of the indoline ring system and the phenyl ring. The molecular structure is stabilized by intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, molecules are linked into chains along [101] by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. C—H⋯π interactions are observed between the chains.
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Devaraj A, Colby R, Hess WP, Perea DE, Thevuthasan S. Role of Photoexcitation and Field Ionization in the Measurement of Accurate Oxide Stoichiometry by Laser-Assisted Atom Probe Tomography. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:993-8. [PMID: 26291366 DOI: 10.1021/jz400015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The addition of pulsed lasers to atom probe tomography (APT) extends its high spatial and mass resolution capability to nonconducting materials, such as oxides. For a prototypical metal oxide, MgO, the measured stoichiometry depends strongly on the laser pulse energy and applied voltage. Very low laser energies (0.02 pJ) and high electric fields yield optimal stoichiometric accuracy. Correlated APT and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to establish the high density of corner and terrace sites on MgO sample surfaces before and after APT. For MgO, long-lifetime photoexcited holes localized at oxygen corner sites can assist in the creation of oxygen neutrals that may spontaneously desorb either as atomic O or as molecular O2. The observed trends are best explained by the relative field-dependent ionization of photodesorbed O or O2 neutrals. These results emphasize the importance of considering electronic excitations in APT analysis of oxide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Devaraj
- †Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and ‡Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Colby
- †Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and ‡Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - W P Hess
- †Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and ‡Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - D E Perea
- †Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and ‡Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - S Thevuthasan
- †Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and ‡Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Vilayurganapathy S, Devaraj A, Colby R, Pandey A, Varga T, Shutthanandan V, Manandhar S, El-Khoury PZ, Kayani A, Hess WP, Thevuthasan S. Subsurface synthesis and characterization of Ag nanoparticles embedded in MgO. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:095707. [PMID: 23403363 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/9/095707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) which is very sensitive to the size and shape of the nanoparticle and the surrounding dielectric medium. The coupling between the electromagnetic radiation and the localized surface plasmon in metallic nanoparticles results in a sizable enhancement of the incident fields, making them possible candidates for plasmonic applications. In particular, partially exposed metallic nanoparticles distributed in a dielectric matrix can provide prime locations for LSPR spectroscopy and sensing. We report the synthesis and characterization of a plasmonic substrate consisting of Ag nanoparticles partially buried in MgO. Ag nanoparticles of different shapes and size distributions were synthesized below the surface of MgO by implanting 200 keV Ag(+) ions followed by annealing at 1000 °C for 10 and 30 h. A detailed optical and structural characterization was carried out to understand the evolution of the Ag nanoparticle and size distribution inside the MgO matrix. Micro x-ray diffraction (Micro-XRD) was employed to investigate the structural properties and estimate the crystallite size. The nanoparticles evolved from a spherical to a faceted morphology with annealing time, assuming an octahedral shape truncated at the (001) planes, as visualized from aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The nanoparticles embedded in MgO were shown to be pure metallic Ag using atom probe tomography (APT). The nanoparticles were partially exposed to the surface by employing plasma etch techniques to remove the overlaying MgO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to study the surface morphology and obtain a height distribution for the partially exposed nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vilayurganapathy
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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McRonald F, Baldwin D, Devaraj A, Brain K, Eisen T, Holeman J, Ledson M, Screaton N, Rintoul R, Yadegarfar G, Hands C, Lifford K, Whynes D, Kerr K, Page R, Parmar M, Weller D, Williamson P, Hansell D, Duffy S, Field J. 81 The uniqueness of the United Kingdom Lung Cancer Screening trial (UKLS) – a population screening study. Lung Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(13)70081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Bakthadoss M, Devaraj A, Lakshmanan D, Murugavel S. Methyl ( E)-2-cyano-3-(6-nitro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)acrylate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o3184. [PMID: 23284495 PMCID: PMC3515275 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812043164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C12H8N2O6, the 1,3-benzodioxole ring system is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.036 (2) Å] and the nitro group is oriented at a dihedral angle of 15.4 (1)° with respect to its mean plane. In the crystal, moleucles are linked into C(8) [101] chains by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and weak aromatic π–π stacking [centroid–centroid distance = 3.887 (1) Å] also occurs.
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Bakthadoss M, Devaraj A, Madhanraj R, Murugavel S. (E)-3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-{[N-(2-formylphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfon-amido]methyl}prop-2-enenitrile. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o3164-5. [PMID: 23284479 PMCID: PMC3515259 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812042663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(25)H(20)N(2)O(5)S, the benzodioxole ring system is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.021 (2) Å] and forms dihedral angles of 85.2 (1) and 74.2 (1)°, respectively, with the formyl benzene and sulfonyl-bound benzene rings. In the crystal, C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate C(8) chains along [100] and R(3) (3)(19) ring motifs. In addition, a weak π-π inter-action [centroid-centroid distance = 3.937 (3) Å] is also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bakthadoss
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Maraimalai Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - A. Devaraj
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Maraimalai Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - R. Madhanraj
- Department of Physics, Ganadipathy Tulsi’s Jain Engineering College, Kaniyambadi, Vellore 632 102, India
| | - S. Murugavel
- Department of Physics, Thanthai Periyar Government Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 002, India
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Suresh G, Sabari V, Devaraj A, Bakthadoss M, Aravindhan S. 2,2′-Diisopropoxy-5,5′-methylenedibenzaldehyde. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o2199. [PMID: 22798862 PMCID: PMC3393997 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812028048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecules of the title compound, C21H24O4, are located on a twofold rotation axis running through the central methylene C atom. The aldehyde group is coplanar with the benzene ring [C—C—C—O = 175.7 (4) °].
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Anuradha T, Devaraj A, Seshadri PR, Bakthadoss M. Methyl (E)-2-[(2-nitro-phen-oxy)meth-yl]-3-phenyl-acrylate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o1748. [PMID: 22719533 PMCID: PMC3379335 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812021009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The title compound, C17H15NO5, adopts an E conformation with respect to the C=C double bond of the phenylacrylate unit. The phenyl ring and methyl acrylate group of the phenylacrylate unit are disordered over two sets of sites with site-occupancy ratios of 0.705 (5):0.295 (5) and 0.683 (3):0.317 (3), respectively. The mean plane through the benzene ring of the phenyl acrylate makes dihedral angles of 88.4 (8) (major component) and 86.7 (8)° (minor component) with the nitrophenoxy ring; the dihedral angle between the two components is 3.64 (6)°. Intramolecular C—H⋯O interactions stabilise the molecular structure. In the crystal, C—H⋯O interactions result in a chain of molecules running along the b axis.
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Schomberg LEE, Draper A, Vlahos I, Devaraj A, Nair A, Chua F. S134 High prevalence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in patients meeting clinico-radiological profile for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054b.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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48
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Nag S, Devaraj A, Srinivasan R, Williams REA, Gupta N, Viswanathan GB, Tiley JS, Banerjee S, Srinivasan SG, Fraser HL, Banerjee R. Novel mixed-mode phase transition involving a composition-dependent displacive component. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:245701. [PMID: 21770581 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.245701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Solid-solid displacive, structural phase transformations typically undergo a discrete structural change from a parent to a product phase. Coupling electron microscopy, three-dimensional atom probe, and first-principles computations, we present the first direct evidence of a novel mechanism for a coupled diffusional-displacive transformation in titanium-molybdenum alloys wherein the displacive component in the product phase changes continuously with changing composition. These results have implications for other transformations and cannot be explained by conventional theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nag
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
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Devaraj A, Hansell D. Computed tomography signs of pulmonary hypertension: old and new observations. Clin Radiol 2009; 64:751-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Gupta A, Urquhart DS, Devaraj A, Balfour-Lynn IM. A 2 year old with fever and cough. BMJ 2009; 339:b2150. [PMID: 19586972 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Gupta
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP.
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