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Nguyen AN, Mane P, Keller LP, Piani L, Abe Y, Aléon J, Alexander CMO, Amari S, Amelin Y, Bajo KI, Bizzarro M, Bouvier A, Carlson RW, Chaussidon M, Choi BG, Dauphas N, Davis AM, Di Rocco T, Fujiya W, Fukai R, Gautam I, Haba MK, Hibiya Y, Hidaka H, Homma H, Hoppe P, Huss GR, Ichida K, Iizuka T, Ireland TR, Ishikawa A, Itoh S, Kawasaki N, Kita NT, Kitajima K, Kleine T, Komatani S, Krot AN, Liu MC, Masuda Y, McKeegan KD, Morita M, Motomura K, Moynier F, Nakai I, Nagashima K, Nesvorný D, Nittler L, Onose M, Pack A, Park C, Qin L, Russell SS, Sakamoto N, Schönbächler M, Tafla L, Tang H, Terada K, Terada Y, Usui T, Wada S, Wadhwa M, Walker RJ, Yamashita K, Yin QZ, Yokoyama T, Yoneda S, Young ED, Yui H, Zhang AC, Nakamura T, Naraoka H, Noguchi T, Okazaki R, Sakamoto K, Yabuta H, Abe M, Miyazaki A, Nakato A, Nishimura M, Okada T, Yada T, Yogata K, Nakazawa S, Saiki T, Tanaka S, Terui F, Tsuda Y, Watanabe SI, Yoshikawa M, Tachibana S, Yurimoto H. Abundant presolar grains and primordial organics preserved in carbon-rich exogenous clasts in asteroid Ryugu. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh1003. [PMID: 37450600 PMCID: PMC10348677 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary analyses of asteroid Ryugu samples show kinship to aqueously altered CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites, suggesting similar origins. We report identification of C-rich, particularly primitive clasts in Ryugu samples that contain preserved presolar silicate grains and exceptional abundances of presolar SiC and isotopically anomalous organic matter. The high presolar silicate abundance (104 ppm) indicates that the clast escaped extensive alteration. The 5 to 10 times higher abundances of presolar SiC (~235 ppm), N-rich organic matter, organics with N isotopic anomalies (1.2%), and organics with C isotopic anomalies (0.2%) in the primitive clasts compared to bulk Ryugu suggest that the clasts formed in a unique part of the protoplanetary disk enriched in presolar materials. These clasts likely represent previously unsampled outer solar system material that accreted onto Ryugu after aqueous alteration ceased, consistent with Ryugu's rubble pile origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann. N. Nguyen
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Prajkta Mane
- Universities Space Research Association, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Lindsay P. Keller
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Laurette Piani
- Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54500, France
| | - Yoshinari Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan
| | - Jérôme Aléon
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Sachiko Amari
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Physics Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Geochemical Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuri Amelin
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, GD 510640, China
| | - Ken-ichi Bajo
- Department of Natural History Sciences, IIL, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Martin Bizzarro
- Centre for Star and Planet Formation, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K 1350, Denmark
| | - Audrey Bouvier
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Richard W. Carlson
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Marc Chaussidon
- Université Paris Cités, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Byeon-Gak Choi
- Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicolas Dauphas
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew M. Davis
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tommaso Di Rocco
- Faculty of Geosciences and Geography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Wataru Fujiya
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - Ryota Fukai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Ikshu Gautam
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Makiko K. Haba
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yuki Hibiya
- General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hidaka
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hisashi Homma
- Osaka Application Laboratory, SBUWDX, Rigaku Corporation, Osaka 569-1146, Japan
| | - Peter Hoppe
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Gary R. Huss
- Hawai‘i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Kiyohiro Ichida
- Analytical Technology, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Iizuka
- Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Trevor R. Ireland
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shoichi Itoh
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kawasaki
- Department of Natural History Sciences, IIL, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Noriko T. Kita
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kouki Kitajima
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thorsten Kleine
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Shintaro Komatani
- Analytical Technology, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan
| | - Alexander N. Krot
- Hawai‘i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Ming-Chang Liu
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuki Masuda
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kevin D. McKeegan
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mayu Morita
- Analytical Technology, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan
| | | | - Frédéric Moynier
- Université Paris Cités, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Izumi Nakai
- Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Nagashima
- Hawai‘i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - David Nesvorný
- Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Larry Nittler
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Morihiko Onose
- Analytical Technology, Horiba Techno Service Co. Ltd., Kyoto 601-8125, Japan
| | - Andreas Pack
- Faculty of Geosciences and Geography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Changkun Park
- Earth System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Liping Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, University of Science and Technology of China, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Sara S. Russell
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Isotope Imaging Laboratory, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Maria Schönbächler
- Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lauren Tafla
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haolan Tang
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kentaro Terada
- Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuko Terada
- Spectroscopy and Imaging, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Usui
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - Sohei Wada
- Department of Natural History Sciences, IIL, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Meenakshi Wadhwa
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Richard J. Walker
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Katsuyuki Yamashita
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Qing-Zhu Yin
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tetsuya Yokoyama
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Yoneda
- Science and Engineering, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan
| | - Edward D. Young
- Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hiroharu Yui
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ai-Cheng Zhang
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kanako Sakamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yabuta
- Earth and Planetary Systems Science Program, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masanao Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Akiko Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Aiko Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Toru Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Takanao Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Fuyuto Terui
- Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Shogo Tachibana
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Natural History Sciences, IIL, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
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2
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Tachibana S, Sawada H, Okazaki R, Takano Y, Sakamoto K, Miura YN, Okamoto C, Yano H, Yamanouchi S, Michel P, Zhang Y, Schwartz S, Thuillet F, Yurimoto H, Nakamura T, Noguchi T, Yabuta H, Naraoka H, Tsuchiyama A, Imae N, Kurosawa K, Nakamura AM, Ogawa K, Sugita S, Morota T, Honda R, Kameda S, Tatsumi E, Cho Y, Yoshioka K, Yokota Y, Hayakawa M, Matsuoka M, Sakatani N, Yamada M, Kouyama T, Suzuki H, Honda C, Yoshimitsu T, Kubota T, Demura H, Yada T, Nishimura M, Yogata K, Nakato A, Yoshitake M, Suzuki AI, Furuya S, Hatakeda K, Miyazaki A, Kumagai K, Okada T, Abe M, Usui T, Ireland TR, Fujimoto M, Yamada T, Arakawa M, Connolly HC, Fujii A, Hasegawa S, Hirata N, Hirata N, Hirose C, Hosoda S, Iijima Y, Ikeda H, Ishiguro M, Ishihara Y, Iwata T, Kikuchi S, Kitazato K, Lauretta DS, Libourel G, Marty B, Matsumoto K, Michikami T, Mimasu Y, Miura A, Mori O, Nakamura-Messenger K, Namiki N, Nguyen AN, Nittler LR, Noda H, Noguchi R, Ogawa N, Ono G, Ozaki M, Senshu H, Shimada T, Shimaki Y, Shirai K, Soldini S, Takahashi T, Takei Y, Takeuchi H, Tsukizaki R, Wada K, Yamamoto Y, Yoshikawa K, Yumoto K, Zolensky ME, Nakazawa S, Terui F, Tanaka S, Saiki T, Yoshikawa M, Watanabe S, Tsuda Y. Pebbles and sand on asteroid (162173) Ryugu: In situ observation and particles returned to Earth. Science 2022; 375:1011-1016. [PMID: 35143255 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj8624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Hayabusa2 spacecraft investigated the C-type (carbonaceous) asteroid (162173) Ryugu. The mission performed two landing operations to collect samples of surface and subsurface material, the latter exposed by an artificial impact. We present images of the second touchdown site, finding that ejecta from the impact crater was present at the sample location. Surface pebbles at both landing sites show morphological variations ranging from rugged to smooth, similar to Ryugu's boulders, and shapes from quasi-spherical to flattened. The samples were returned to Earth on 6 December 2020. We describe the morphology of >5 grams of returned pebbles and sand. Their diverse color, shape, and structure are consistent with the observed materials of Ryugu; we conclude that they are a representative sample of the asteroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tachibana
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - R Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Y Takano
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - K Sakamoto
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y N Miura
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - C Okamoto
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Yamanouchi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - P Michel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Laboratoire Lagrange, F-06304 Nice CEDEX 4, France
| | - Y Zhang
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Laboratoire Lagrange, F-06304 Nice CEDEX 4, France
| | - S Schwartz
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85705, USA.,Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - F Thuillet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Laboratoire Lagrange, F-06304 Nice CEDEX 4, France
| | - H Yurimoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Noguchi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.,Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Yabuta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - H Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - A Tsuchiyama
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - N Imae
- Polar Science Resources Center, National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - K Kurosawa
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - A M Nakamura
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - K Ogawa
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Sugita
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Morota
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Honda
- Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - S Kameda
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - E Tatsumi
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Y Cho
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Yoshioka
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Matsuoka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Sakatani
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T Kouyama
- Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - H Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - C Honda
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - T Yoshimitsu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Kubota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Demura
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - T Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Yoshitake
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A I Suzuki
- Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.,Department of Economics, Toyo University, Tokyo 112-8606, Japan
| | - S Furuya
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Hatakeda
- Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - A Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Kumagai
- Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - T Usui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T R Ireland
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - M Fujimoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Yamada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Arakawa
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H C Connolly
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85705, USA.,Department of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - A Fujii
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Hasegawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - C Hirose
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Hosoda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Iijima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Ikeda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Ishiguro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Y Ishihara
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - S Kikuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - K Kitazato
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85705, USA
| | - G Libourel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Laboratoire Lagrange, F-06304 Nice CEDEX 4, France
| | - B Marty
- Université de Lorraine, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - K Matsumoto
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.,Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - T Michikami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan
| | - Y Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Miura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - O Mori
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | | | - N Namiki
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.,Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - A N Nguyen
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - L R Nittler
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - H Noda
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.,Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - R Noguchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - N Ogawa
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - G Ono
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - H Senshu
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T Shimada
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Shirai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Soldini
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | | | - Y Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Takeuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - R Tsukizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Wada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - K Yoshikawa
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yumoto
- UTokyo Organization for Planetary and Space Science-Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M E Zolensky
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - S Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - F Terui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - T Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Y Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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