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Mason AE, Braasch JLG, Greenberg D, Kessler ED, Allen LK, McNamara DS. Comprehending Multiple Controversial Texts about Childhood Vaccinations: Topic Beliefs and Integration Instructions. Reading Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02702711.2022.2156952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Mason
- Adult Literacy Research Center and Department of Learning Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jason L. G. Braasch
- Adult Literacy Research Center and Department of Learning Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daphne Greenberg
- Adult Literacy Research Center and Department of Learning Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Erica D. Kessler
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laura K. Allen
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Fecher-Trost C, Wolske K, Wesely C, Löhr H, Klawitter DS, Weissgerber P, Gradhand E, Burren CP, Mason AE, Winter M, Wissenbach U. Mutations That Affect the Surface Expression of TRPV6 Are Associated with the Upregulation of Serine Proteases in the Placenta of an Infant. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12694. [PMID: 34884497 PMCID: PMC8657554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported a case of an infant with neonatal severe under-mineralizing skeletal dysplasia caused by mutations within both alleles of the TRPV6 gene. One mutation results in an in frame stop codon (R510stop) that leads to a truncated, nonfunctional TRPV6 channel, and the second in a point mutation (G660R) that, surprisingly, does not affect the Ca2+ permeability of TRPV6. We mimicked the subunit composition of the unaffected heterozygous parent and child by coexpressing the TRPV6 G660R and R510stop mutants and combinations with wild type TRPV6. We show that both the G660R and R510stop mutant subunits are expressed and result in decreased calcium uptake, which is the result of the reduced abundancy of functional TRPV6 channels within the plasma membrane. We compared the proteomic profiles of a healthy placenta with that of the diseased infant and detected, exclusively in the latter two proteases, HTRA1 and cathepsin G. Our results implicate that the combination of the two mutant TRPV6 subunits, which are expressed in the placenta of the diseased child, is responsible for the decreased calcium uptake, which could explain the skeletal dysplasia. In addition, placental calcium deficiency also appears to be associated with an increase in the expression of proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Buildings 61.4 and 46, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.F.-T.); (K.W.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (D.S.K.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Karin Wolske
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Buildings 61.4 and 46, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.F.-T.); (K.W.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (D.S.K.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Christine Wesely
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Buildings 61.4 and 46, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.F.-T.); (K.W.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (D.S.K.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Heidi Löhr
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Buildings 61.4 and 46, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.F.-T.); (K.W.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (D.S.K.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Daniel S. Klawitter
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Buildings 61.4 and 46, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.F.-T.); (K.W.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (D.S.K.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Petra Weissgerber
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Buildings 61.4 and 46, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.F.-T.); (K.W.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (D.S.K.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
- Transgenic Technologies, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Building 61.4, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Elise Gradhand
- Kinder- und Perinatalpathologie Dr. Senckenberg, Institut für Pathologie Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt/Main Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Christine P. Burren
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK;
| | - Anna E. Mason
- Histopathology Department, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Royal Gwent Hospital, Cardiff NP20 2UB, UK;
| | - Manuel Winter
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Buildings 61.4 and 46, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.F.-T.); (K.W.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (D.S.K.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Ulrich Wissenbach
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Buildings 61.4 and 46, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (C.F.-T.); (K.W.); (C.W.); (H.L.); (D.S.K.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
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Mason AE, Saleem MA, Bierzynska A. A critical re-analysis of cases of post-transplantation recurrence in genetic nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:3757-3769. [PMID: 34031708 PMCID: PMC8497325 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic defects in podocyte proteins account for up to 30% of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in the paediatric population. Most children with genetic SRNS are resistant to immunosuppression and at high risk of progression to stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Kidney transplantation is often the treatment of choice. The possibility of post-transplantation disease recurrence in genetic SRNS remains controversial, and poses fundamental questions about disease biology. METHODS We critically evaluated the published cases of post-transplantation recurrence in genetic patients, particularly testing 'mutations' against the most recent population variant databases, in order to clarify the diagnoses, and compare the clinical courses and responses to therapy. RESULTS Biallelic pathogenic variants in NPHS1 leading to a complete absence of nephrin were the most commonly reported and best understood instance of nephrotic syndrome occurring post-transplantation. This is an immune-mediated process driven by antibody production against the novel nephrin protein in the allograft. We also identified a number of plausible reported cases of post-transplantation recurrence involving pathogenic variants in NPHS2 (8 patients, biallelic), one in WT1 (monoallelic) and one in NUP93 (biallelic). However, the mechanism for recurrence in these cases remains unclear. Other instances of recurrence in genetic disease were difficult to interpret due to differing clinical criteria, inclusion of patients without true pathogenic variants or the influence of other factors on renal outcome. CONCLUSIONS Overall, post-transplantation recurrence remains very rare in patients with genetic SRNS. It appears to occur later after transplantation than in other patients and usually responds well to plasmapheresis with a good renal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Mason
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
| | - Agnieszka Bierzynska
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
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Mason AE, Varma M. Perils of hidden depths. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:e8. [PMID: 33132216 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Mason
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Murali Varma
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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Mason AE, Sen ES, Bierzynska A, Colby E, Afzal M, Dorval G, Koziell AB, Williams M, Boyer O, Welsh GI, Saleem MA. Response to First Course of Intensified Immunosuppression in Genetically Stratified Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 15:983-994. [PMID: 32317330 PMCID: PMC7341765 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.13371019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Intensified immunosuppression in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome is broadly applied, with disparate outcomes. This review of patients from the United Kingdom National Study of Nephrotic Syndrome cohort aimed to improve disease stratification by determining, in comprehensively genetically screened patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, if there is an association between response to initial intensified immunosuppression and disease progression and/or post-transplant recurrence. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Pediatric patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome were recruited via the UK National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases. All patients were whole-genome sequenced, whole-exome sequenced, or steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome gene-panel sequenced. Complete response or partial response within 6 months of starting intensified immunosuppression was ascertained using laboratory data. Response to intensified immunosuppression and outcomes were analyzed according to genetic testing results, pattern of steroid resistance, and first biopsy findings. RESULTS Of 271 patients, 178 (92 males, median onset age 4.7 years) received intensified immunosuppression with response available. A total of 4% of patients with monogenic disease showed complete response, compared with 25% of genetic-testing-negative patients (P=0.02). None of the former recurred post-transplantation. In genetic-testing-negative patients, 97% with complete response to first intensified immunosuppression did not progress, whereas 44% of nonresponders developed kidney failure with 73% recurrence post-transplant. Secondary steroid resistance had a higher complete response rate than primary/presumed resistance (43% versus 23%; P=0.001). The highest complete response rate in secondary steroid resistance was to rituximab (64%). Biopsy results showed no correlation with intensified immunosuppression response or outcome. CONCLUSIONS Patients with monogenic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome had a poor therapeutic response and no post-transplant recurrence. In genetic-testing-negative patients, there was an association between response to first intensified immunosuppression and long-term outcome. Patients with complete response rarely progressed to kidney failure, whereas nonresponders had poor kidney survival and a high post-transplant recurrence rate. Patients with secondary steroid resistance were more likely to respond, particularly to rituximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Mason
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ethan S. Sen
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Bierzynska
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Colby
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Afzal
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Dorval
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Reference Center for Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ania B. Koziell
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Department of Experimental Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maggie Williams
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, Pathology Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Boyer
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Reference Center for Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gavin I. Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Moin A. Saleem
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - on behalf of the UK RaDaR/NephroS Study
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Reference Center for Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Department of Experimental Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, Pathology Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Mason AE, Grier D, Smithson SF, Burren CP, Gradhand E. Post-mortem histology in transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 (TRPV6) under-mineralising skeletal dysplasia suggests postnatal skeletal recovery: a case report. BMC Med Genet 2020; 21:64. [PMID: 32228492 PMCID: PMC7106792 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The calcium-selective channel TRPV6 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6) is crucial for maternal-fetal calcium transport across the placenta. TRPV6 mutations have recently been associated with an antenatally severe under-mineralising skeletal dysplasia accompanied by postnatal biochemical abnormalities. This is the first post-mortem report in a patient with TRPV6 skeletal dysplasia. Case presentation The female infant had severe antenatal and postnatal skeletal abnormalities by 20 weeks gestation and was ventilator-dependent from birth. These skeletal abnormalities were apparent at an earlier gestational age than in previous reported cases and a more severe clinical course ensued. Biochemical and skeletal abnormalities, including bone density, improved postnatally but cardiac arrest at 4 months of age led to withdrawal of intensive care. Compound heterozygous TRPV6 variants (c.1978G > C p.(Gly660Arg) and c.1528C > T p.(Arg510Ter)) were identified on exome sequencing. Post-mortem identified skeletal abnormalities but no specific abnormalities in other organ systems. No placental pathology was found, multi-organ histological features reflected prolonged intensive care only. Post-mortem macroscopic examination indicated reduced thoracic size and short, pale and pliable ribs. Histological examination identified reduced number of trabeculae in the diaphyses (away from the growth plates), whereas metaphyses showed adequate mineralisation and normal number of trabeculae, but with slightly enlarged reactive chondrocytes, indicating post-natal skeletal growth recovery. Post-mortem radiological findings demonstrated improved bone density, improved rib width, healed fractures, although ribs were still shorter than normal. Long bones (especially humerus and femur) had improved from initial poorly defined metaphyses and reduced bone density to sharply defined metaphyses, prominent growth restart lines in distal diaphyses and bone-in-bone appearance along diaphyses. Conclusions This case provide bone histological confirmation that human skeletal development is compromised in the presence of TRPV6 pathogenic variants. Post-mortem findings were consistent with abnormal in utero skeletal mineralisation due to severe calcium deficit from compromised placental calcium transfer, followed by subsequent phenotypic improvement with adequate postnatal calcium availability. Significant skeletal recovery occurs in the early weeks of postnatal life in TRPV6 skeletal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Mason
- Bristol Medical School Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Grier
- Department of Radiology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah F Smithson
- Bristol Medical School Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Clinical Genetics, St Michaels Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Christine P Burren
- Bristol Medical School Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Elise Gradhand
- Severn Pathology, Paediatric and Perinatal Pathology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK. .,Dr. Senckenberg. Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt/Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Stanhope KL, Goran MI, Bosy-Westphal A, King JC, Schmidt LA, Schwarz JM, Stice E, Sylvetsky AC, Turnbaugh PJ, Bray GA, Gardner CD, Havel PJ, Malik V, Mason AE, Ravussin E, Rosenbaum M, Welsh JA, Allister-Price C, Sigala DM, Greenwood MRC, Astrup A, Krauss RM. Pathways and mechanisms linking dietary components to cardiometabolic disease: thinking beyond calories. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1205-1235. [PMID: 29761610 PMCID: PMC6530989 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calories from any food have the potential to increase risk for obesity and cardiometabolic disease because all calories can directly contribute to positive energy balance and fat gain. However, various dietary components or patterns may promote obesity and cardiometabolic disease by additional mechanisms that are not mediated solely by caloric content. Researchers explored this topic at the 2017 CrossFit Foundation Academic Conference 'Diet and Cardiometabolic Health - Beyond Calories', and this paper summarizes the presentations and follow-up discussions. Regarding the health effects of dietary fat, sugar and non-nutritive sweeteners, it is concluded that food-specific saturated fatty acids and sugar-sweetened beverages promote cardiometabolic diseases by mechanisms that are additional to their contribution of calories to positive energy balance and that aspartame does not promote weight gain. The challenges involved in conducting and interpreting clinical nutritional research, which preclude more extensive conclusions, are detailed. Emerging research is presented exploring the possibility that responses to certain dietary components/patterns are influenced by the metabolic status, developmental period or genotype of the individual; by the responsiveness of brain regions associated with reward to food cues; or by the microbiome. More research regarding these potential 'beyond calories' mechanisms may lead to new strategies for attenuating the obesity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M I Goran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - J C King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - L A Schmidt
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,California Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J-M Schwarz
- Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Stice
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - A C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - P J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - C D Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - P J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - V Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A E Mason
- Department of Psychiatry, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Welsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Wellness Department, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Allister-Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - D M Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M R C Greenwood
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
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