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Laguna A, Pusil S, Bazán À, Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Paltrinieri AL, Piras P, Palomares I Perera C, Pardos Véglia A, Garcia-Algar O, Orlandi S. Multi-modal analysis of infant cry types characterization: Acoustics, body language and brain signals. Comput Biol Med 2023; 167:107626. [PMID: 37918262 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant crying is the first attempt babies use to communicate during their initial months of life. A misunderstanding of the cry message can compromise infant care and future neurodevelopmental process. METHODS An exploratory study collecting multimodal data (i.e., crying, electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), facial expressions, and body movements) from 38 healthy full-term newborns was conducted. Cry types were defined based on different conditions (i.e., hunger, sleepiness, fussiness, need to burp, and distress). Statistical analysis, Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) techniques were used to identify relevant features for cry type classification and to evaluate a robust DL algorithm named Acoustic MultiStage Interpreter (AMSI). RESULTS Significant differences were found across cry types based on acoustics, EEG, NIRS, facial expressions, and body movements. Acoustics and body language were identified as the most relevant ML features to support the cause of crying. The DL AMSI algorithm achieved an accuracy rate of 92%. CONCLUSIONS This study set a precedent for cry analysis research by highlighting the complexity of newborn cry expression and strengthening the potential use of infant cry analysis as an objective, reliable, accessible, and non-invasive tool for cry interpretation, improving the infant-parent relationship and ensuring family well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan Adrián Zegarra-Valdivia
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain; Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | - Oscar Garcia-Algar
- Neonatology Unit, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Department de Cirurgia I Especialitats Mèdico-quirúrgiques, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Orlandi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi"(DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Laguna A, Pusil S, Acero-Pousa I, Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Paltrinieri AL, Bazán À, Piras P, Palomares i Perera C, Garcia-Algar O, Orlandi S. How can cry acoustics associate newborns' distress levels with neurophysiological and behavioral signals? Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1266873. [PMID: 37799341 PMCID: PMC10547902 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1266873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Even though infant crying is a common phenomenon in humans' early life, it is still a challenge for researchers to properly understand it as a reflection of complex neurophysiological functions. Our study aims to determine the association between neonatal cry acoustics with neurophysiological signals and behavioral features according to different cry distress levels of newborns. Methods Multimodal data from 25 healthy term newborns were collected simultaneously recording infant cry vocalizations, electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and videos of facial expressions and body movements. Statistical analysis was conducted on this dataset to identify correlations among variables during three different infant conditions (i.e., resting, cry, and distress). A Deep Learning (DL) algorithm was used to objectively and automatically evaluate the level of cry distress in infants. Results We found correlations between most of the features extracted from the signals depending on the infant's arousal state, among them: fundamental frequency (F0), brain activity (delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands), cerebral and body oxygenation, heart rate, facial tension, and body rigidity. Additionally, these associations reinforce that what is occurring at an acoustic level can be characterized by behavioral and neurophysiological patterns. Finally, the DL audio model developed was able to classify the different levels of distress achieving 93% accuracy. Conclusion Our findings strengthen the potential of crying as a biomarker evidencing the physical, emotional and health status of the infant becoming a crucial tool for caregivers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan Adrián Zegarra-Valdivia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Anna Lucia Paltrinieri
- Neonatology Department, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (BCNatal), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Clàudia Palomares i Perera
- Neonatology Department, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (BCNatal), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Garcia-Algar
- Neonatology Department, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (BCNatal), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department de Cirurgia I Especialitats Mèdico-Quirúrgiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Orlandi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Sebastiani G, Navarro-Tapia E, Almeida-Toledano L, Serra-Delgado M, Paltrinieri AL, García-Algar Ó, Andreu-Fernández V. Effects of Antioxidant Intake on Fetal Development and Maternal/Neonatal Health during Pregnancy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040648. [PMID: 35453333 PMCID: PMC9028185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, cycles of hypoxia and oxidative stress play a key role in the proper development of the fetus. Hypoxia during the first weeks is crucial for placental development, while the increase in oxygen due to the influx of maternal blood stimulates endothelial growth and angiogenesis. However, an imbalance in the number of oxidative molecules due to endogenous or exogenous factors can overwhelm defense systems and lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many pregnancy complications, generated by systemic inflammation and placental vasoconstriction, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm birth (PTB), are related to this increase of ROS. Antioxidants may be a promising tool in this population. However, clinical evidence on their use, especially those of natural origin, is scarce and controversial. Following PRISMA methodology, the current review addresses the use of natural antioxidants, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), melatonin and resveratrol (RESV), as well as other classical antioxidants (vitamin C and E) during the prenatal period as treatment of the above-mentioned complications. We review the effect of antioxidant supplementation on breast milk in lactating mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Sebastiani
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Elisabet Navarro-Tapia
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Almeida-Toledano
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (L.A.-T.); (M.S.-D.)
- BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Serra-Delgado
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (L.A.-T.); (M.S.-D.)
- BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Lucia Paltrinieri
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.S.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Óscar García-Algar
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.S.); (A.L.P.)
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (Ó.G.-A.); (V.A.-F.); Tel.: +34-(63)-9644139 (Ó.G.-A.); +34-(60)-9709258 (V.A.-F.)
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (Ó.G.-A.); (V.A.-F.); Tel.: +34-(63)-9644139 (Ó.G.-A.); +34-(60)-9709258 (V.A.-F.)
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Abstract
Knowledge of the basic principles of parenteral nutrition is essential for any clinician working in paediatric and neonatal intensive care units. This article aims to give a brief review of the up-to-date recommendations for the paediatric population together with practical tips and considerations about current challenges and issues we believe are still open for debate, particularly with regard to neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Paltrinieri
- Neonatal Unit, Evelina London Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - I Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Evelina London Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Chitrit
- Department of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - K Turnock
- Neonatal Unit, Evelina London Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Gargano G, Paltrinieri AL, Gallo C, Di Pancrazio L, Roversi MF, Ferrari F. Massive thymic hemorrhage and hemothorax occurring in utero. Ital J Pediatr 2015; 41:88. [PMID: 26568429 PMCID: PMC4644340 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-015-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic enlargement is a common and physiological finding in children and neonates' X-rays, but it is usually asymptomatic. Occasionally it can cause respiratory distress. In most cases the aetiology of this expansion remains unclear and it is diagnosed as a thymic hyperplasia. True thymic hyperplasia is defined as a gland expansion, both in size and weight, while maintaining normal microscopic architecture. Often it is a diagnosis of exclusion and prognosis is good. Thymic haemorrhage is an unusual condition related to high foetal and neonatal mortality. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of spontaneous massive thymic haemorrhage in a newborn developing at birth acute respiratory distress associated with severe bilateral haemothorax. Thymic enlargement was evident after pleural evacuation and confirmed by radiographic, Computed Tomography (CT) images and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences. The spontaneous resolution of this enlargement seen with CT scan and MRI sequences suggested a thymic haemorrhage; surgery was not necessary. CONCLUSION Thymic haemorrhage should be considered in newborn infants with pleural effusion, mediastinal space enlargement and Respiratory Distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Gargano
- Department of Obstetric and Pediatric, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Istituto Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento n. 70, 42100, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Anna Lucia Paltrinieri
- Department of Obstetric and Pediatric, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Istituto Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento n. 70, 42100, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Claudio Gallo
- Department of Obstetric and Pediatric, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Istituto Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento n. 70, 42100, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Federica Roversi
- Department of Obstetric and Pediatric, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), University Hospital, Modena, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Ferrari
- Department of Obstetric and Pediatric, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), University Hospital, Modena, Italy.
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