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Chan AM, Olafsen T, Tsui J, Salazar FB, Aguirre B, Zettlitz KA, Condro M, Wu AM, Braun J, Gordon LK, Ashki N, Whitelegge J, Xu S, Ikotun O, Lee JT, Wadehra M. 89Zr-ImmunoPET for the Specific Detection of EMP2-Positive Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2024:734979. [PMID: 38417138 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) is upregulated in a number of tumors and therefore remains a promising target for monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapy. In the current study, image guided therapy for an anti-EMP2 mAb was evaluated by positron emission tomography (PET) in both syngeneic and immunodeficient cancer models expressing different levels of EMP2 in order to enable a better understanding of its tumor uptake and off target accumulation and clearance. The therapeutic efficacy of the anti-EMP2 mAb was initially evaluated in high- and low-expressing tumors, and the mAb reduced tumor load for the high EMP2 expressing 4T1 and HEC-1-A tumors. To create an imaging agent, the anti-EMP2 mAb was conjugated to p-SCN-Bn-deferoxamine (DFO) and radiolabeled with 89Zr. Tumor targeting and tissue biodistribution were evaluated in syngeneic tumor models (4T1, CT26, and Panc02) and human tumor xenograft models (Ramos, HEC-1-A, and U87MG/EMP2). PET imaging revealed radioactive accumulation in EMP2 positive tumors within 24h post-injection, and the signal was retained for 5 days. High specific uptake was observed in tumors with high EMP2 expression (4T1, CT26, HEC-1-A, U87MG/EMP2), with less accumulation in tumors with low EMP2 expression (Panc02, Ramos). Biodistribution at 5 days post-injection revealed that the tumor uptake ranged from 2 to ~16 %ID/cc. The results show that anti-EMP2 mAbs exhibit EMP2-dependent tumor uptake with low off-target accumulation in preclinical cancer models. The development of improved anti-EMP2 antibody fragments may be useful to track EMP2 positive tumors for subsequent therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Jessica Tsui
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Felix B Salazar
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brian Aguirre
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Michael Condro
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anna M Wu
- City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lynn K Gordon
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Negin Ashki
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julian Whitelegge
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shili Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Oluwatayo Ikotun
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jason Thanh Lee
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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2
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McGale JP, Chen DL, Trebeschi S, Farwell MD, Wu AM, Cutler CS, Schwartz LH, Dercle L. Artificial intelligence in immunotherapy PET/SPECT imaging. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10637-3. [PMID: 38355986 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunotherapy has dramatically altered the therapeutic landscape for oncology, but more research is needed to identify patients who are likely to achieve durable clinical benefit and those who may develop unacceptable side effects. We investigated the role of artificial intelligence in PET/SPECT-guided approaches for immunotherapy-treated patients. METHODS We performed a scoping review of MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Embase databases using key terms related to immunotherapy, PET/SPECT imaging, and AI/radiomics through October 12, 2022. RESULTS Of the 217 studies identified in our literature search, 24 relevant articles were selected. The median (interquartile range) sample size of included patient cohorts was 63 (157). Primary tumors of interest were lung (n = 14/24, 58.3%), lymphoma (n = 4/24, 16.7%), or melanoma (n = 4/24, 16.7%). A total of 28 treatment regimens were employed, including anti-PD-(L)1 (n = 13/28, 46.4%) and anti-CTLA-4 (n = 4/28, 14.3%) monoclonal antibodies. Predictive models were built from imaging features using univariate radiomics (n = 7/24, 29.2%), radiomics (n = 12/24, 50.0%), or deep learning (n = 5/24, 20.8%) and were most often used to prognosticate (n = 6/24, 25.0%) or describe tumor phenotype (n = 5/24, 20.8%). Eighteen studies (75.0%) performed AI model validation. CONCLUSION Preliminary results suggest broad potential for the application of AI-guided immunotherapy management after further validation of models on large, prospective, multicenter cohorts. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT This scoping review describes how artificial intelligence models are built to make predictions based on medical imaging and explores their application specifically in the PET and SPECT examination of immunotherapy-treated cancers. KEY POINTS • Immunotherapy has drastically altered the cancer treatment landscape but is known to precipitate response patterns that are not accurately accounted for by traditional imaging methods. • There is an unmet need for better tools to not only facilitate in-treatment evaluation but also to predict, a priori, which patients are likely to achieve a good response with a certain treatment as well as those who are likely to develop side effects. • Artificial intelligence applied to PET/SPECT imaging of immunotherapy-treated patients is mainly used to make predictions about prognosis or tumor phenotype and is built from baseline, pre-treatment images. Further testing is required before a true transition to clinical application can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P McGale
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Delphine L Chen
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stefano Trebeschi
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GROW School of Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael D Farwell
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Cathy S Cutler
- Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence H Schwartz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Dercle
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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McGale JP, Howell HJ, Beddok A, Tordjman M, Sun R, Chen D, Wu AM, Assi T, Ammari S, Dercle L. Integrating Artificial Intelligence and PET Imaging for Drug Discovery: A Paradigm Shift in Immunotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:210. [PMID: 38399425 PMCID: PMC10892847 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has the potential to become a powerful tool in drug discovery. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of research and highlight the potential for this alliance to advance pharmaceutical innovation by accelerating the development and deployment of novel therapeutics. We previously performed a scoping review of three databases (Embase, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL), identifying 87 studies published between 2018 and 2022 relevant to medical imaging (e.g., CT, PET, MRI), immunotherapy, artificial intelligence, and radiomics. Herein, we reexamine the previously identified studies, performing a subgroup analysis on articles specifically utilizing AI and PET imaging for drug discovery purposes in immunotherapy-treated oncology patients. Of the 87 original studies identified, 15 met our updated search criteria. In these studies, radiomics features were primarily extracted from PET/CT images in combination (n = 9, 60.0%) rather than PET imaging alone (n = 6, 40.0%), and patient cohorts were mostly recruited retrospectively and from single institutions (n = 10, 66.7%). AI models were used primarily for prognostication (n = 6, 40.0%) or for assisting in tumor phenotyping (n = 4, 26.7%). About half of the studies stress-tested their models using validation sets (n = 4, 26.7%) or both validation sets and test sets (n = 4, 26.7%), while the remaining six studies (40.0%) either performed no validation at all or used less stringent methods such as cross-validation on the training set. Overall, the integration of AI and PET imaging represents a paradigm shift in drug discovery, offering new avenues for more efficient development of therapeutics. By leveraging AI algorithms and PET imaging analysis, researchers could gain deeper insights into disease mechanisms, identify new drug targets, or optimize treatment regimens. However, further research is needed to validate these findings and address challenges such as data standardization and algorithm robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P. McGale
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA (H.J.H.)
| | - Harrison J. Howell
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA (H.J.H.)
| | - Arnaud Beddok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Godinot, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Mickael Tordjman
- Department of Radiology, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, APHP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Roger Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Delphine Chen
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anna M. Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Tarek Assi
- International Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Samy Ammari
- Department of Medical Imaging, BIOMAPS, UMR1281 INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France
- ELSAN Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Paris Nord, 95200 Sarcelles, France
| | - Laurent Dercle
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA (H.J.H.)
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Xu M, Ma X, Pigga JE, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhao W, Deng H, Wu AM, Liu R, Wu Z, Fox JM, Li Z. Development of 18F-Labeled hydrophilic trans-cyclooctene as a bioorthogonal tool for PET probe construction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14387-14390. [PMID: 37877355 PMCID: PMC10785124 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a hydrophilic 18F-labeled a-TCO derivative [18F]3 (log P = 0.28) through a readily available precursor and a single-step radiofluorination reaction (RCY up to 52%). We demonstrated that [18F]3 can be used to construct not only multiple small molecule/peptide-based PET agents, but protein/diabody-based imaging probes in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyun Xu
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Xinrui Ma
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Jessica E Pigga
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA.
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Shuli Wang
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Huaifu Deng
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, 91010, USA
| | - Rihe Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA.
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
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Bangayan NJ, Wang L, Burton Sojo G, Noguchi M, Cheng D, Ta L, Gunn D, Mao Z, Liu S, Yin Q, Riedinger M, Li K, Wu AM, Stoyanova T, Witte ON. Dual-inhibitory domain iCARs improve the efficiency of the AND-NOT gate CAR T strategy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312374120. [PMID: 37963244 PMCID: PMC10666036 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312374120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T cell therapy has shown clinical success in treating hematological malignancies, but its treatment of solid tumors has been limited. One major challenge is on-target, off-tumor toxicity, where CAR T cells also damage normal tissues that express the targeted antigen. To reduce this detrimental side-effect, Boolean-logic gates like AND-NOT gates have utilized an inhibitory CAR (iCAR) to specifically curb CAR T cell activity at selected nonmalignant tissue sites. However, the strategy seems inefficient, requiring high levels of iCAR and its target antigen for inhibition. Using a TROP2-targeting iCAR with a single PD1 inhibitory domain to inhibit a CEACAM5-targeting CAR (CEACAR), we observed that the inefficiency was due to a kinetic delay in iCAR inhibition of cytotoxicity. To improve iCAR efficiency, we modified three features of the iCAR-the avidity, the affinity, and the intracellular signaling domains. Increasing the avidity but not the affinity of the iCAR led to significant reductions in the delay. iCARs containing twelve different inhibitory signaling domains were screened for improved inhibition, and three domains (BTLA, LAIR-1, and SIGLEC-9) each suppressed CAR T function but did not enhance inhibitory kinetics. When inhibitory domains of LAIR-1 or SIGLEC-9 were combined with PD-1 into a single dual-inhibitory domain iCAR (DiCARs) and tested with the CEACAR, inhibition efficiency improved as evidenced by a significant reduction in the inhibitory delay. These data indicate that a delicate balance between CAR and iCAR signaling strength and kinetics must be achieved to regulate AND-NOT gate CAR T cell selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael J. Bangayan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Giselle Burton Sojo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Miyako Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Donghui Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Lisa Ta
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Donny Gunn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Shiqin Liu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Mireille Riedinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Keyu Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Anna M. Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA91010
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Owen N. Witte
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
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Shankar LK, Schöder H, Sharon E, Wolchok J, Knopp MV, Wahl RL, Ellingson BM, Hall NC, Yaffe MJ, Towbin AJ, Farwell MD, Pryma D, Poussaint TY, Wright CL, Schwartz L, Harisinghani M, Mahmood U, Wu AM, Leung D, de Vries EGE, Tang Y, Beach G, Reeves SA. Harnessing imaging tools to guide immunotherapy trials: summary from the National Cancer Institute Cancer Imaging Steering Committee workshop. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:e133-e143. [PMID: 36858729 PMCID: PMC10119769 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
As the immuno-oncology field continues the rapid growth witnessed over the past decade, optimising patient outcomes requires an evolution in the current response-assessment guidelines for phase 2 and 3 immunotherapy clinical trials and clinical care. Additionally, investigational tools-including image analysis of standard-of-care scans (such as CT, magnetic resonance, and PET) with analytics, such as radiomics, functional magnetic resonance agents, and novel molecular-imaging PET agents-offer promising advancements for assessment of immunotherapy. To document current challenges and opportunities and identify next steps in immunotherapy diagnostic imaging, the National Cancer Institute Clinical Imaging Steering Committee convened a meeting with diverse representation among imaging experts and oncologists to generate a comprehensive review of the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha K Shankar
- Clinical Trials Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elad Sharon
- Investigational Drug Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jedd Wolchok
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael V Knopp
- Department of Radiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard L Wahl
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathan C Hall
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin J Yaffe
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander J Towbin
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael D Farwell
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Pryma
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Umar Mahmood
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Immunology & Theranostics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Steven A Reeves
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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7
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Wong JYC, Yamauchi DM, Adhikarla V, Simpson J, Frankel PH, Fong Y, Melstrom KA, Chen YJ, Salehian BD, Woo Y, Dandapani SV, Colcher DM, Poku EK, Yazaki PJ, Wu AM, Shively JE. First-In-Human Pilot PET Immunoimaging Study of 64Cu-Anti-Carcinoembryonic Antigen Monoclonal Antibody (hT84.66-M5A) in Patients with Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Producing Cancers. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2023; 38:26-37. [PMID: 36154291 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2022.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: PET imaging using radiolabeled immunoconstructs shows promise in cancer detection and in assessing tumor response to therapies. The authors report the first-in-human pilot study evaluating M5A, a humanized anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody (mAb), radiolabeled with 64Cu in patients with CEA-expressing malignancies. The purpose of this pilot study was to identify the preferred patient population for further evaluation of this agent in an expanded trial. Methods: Patients with CEA-expressing primary or metastatic cancer received 64Cu-DOTA-hT84.66-M5A with imaging performed at 1 and 2 days postinfusion. 64Cu-DOTA-hT84.66-M5A PET scan findings were correlated with CT, MRI, and/or FDG PET scans and with histopathologic findings from planned surgery or biopsy performed postscan. Results: Twenty patients received 64Cu-DOTA-hT84.66-M5A. Twelve patients demonstrated positive images, which were confirmed in 10 patients as tumor by standard-of-care (SOC) imaging, biopsy, or surgical findings. Four of the 8 patients with negative imaging were confirmed as true negative, with the remaining 4 patients having disease demonstrated by SOC imaging or surgery. All 5 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer underwent planned biopsy or surgery after 64Cu-DOTA-hT84.66-M5A imaging (4 patients imaged 6-8 weeks after completing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy) and demonstrated a high concordance between biopsy findings and 64Cu-DOTA-hT84.66-M5A PET scan results. Three patients demonstrated positive uptake at the primary site later confirmed by biopsy and at surgery as residual disease. Two patients with negative scans each demonstrated complete pathologic response. In 5 patients with medullary thyroid cancer, 64Cu-DOTA-hT84.66-M5A identified disease not seen on initial CT scans in 3 patients, later confirmed to be disease by subsequent surgery or MRI. Conclusions: 64Cu-DOTA-hT84.66-M5A demonstrates promise in tumor detection, particularly in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and medullary thyroid cancer. A successor trial in locally advanced rectal cancer has been initiated to further evaluate this agent's ability to define tumor extent before and assess disease response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. clinical trial.gov (NCT02293954).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y C Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Immunology and Theranostics, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - David M Yamauchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Vikram Adhikarla
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Simpson
- Department of Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Paul H Frankel
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Kurt A Melstrom
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Behrooz D Salehian
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, and City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yanghee Woo
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Savita V Dandapani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - David M Colcher
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Erasmus K Poku
- Department of Radiopharmacy, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Paul J Yazaki
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - John E Shively
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, City of Hope National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
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Jin HM, Luo JT, Miao JS, Lu JJ, Wu AM, Sheng SR, Xu H, Ni WF, Lin Y, Wang XY. [Imaging study on the safety of axial pedicle screw placement by the position of the screw trajectory tip on the anteroposterior and lateral radiographs]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:3430-3436. [PMID: 36396358 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20220512-01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To propose a method to judge the safety of axial pedicle screw placement based on the position of the tip of the screw trajectory on the anteroposterior and lateral X-ray radiographs. Methods: The cervical CT data of 40 patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from December 2020 to December 2021 were selected, including 24 males and 16 females, with a mean age of (47.6±13.2) years. Based on the three-dimensional model reconstruction of Mimics software and its function of X-ray, the transmission of the axial pedicle screw and its anteroposterior and lateral films was simulated. The position of the tip of the simulated screw trajectory was divided into 5 regions (regions Ⅰ-Ⅴ) from the inside to the outside on the anteroposterior virtual radiographs, and the upper and lower regions (regions a, b) on the lateral virtual radiographs. By adjusting the direction of the screw, the tip of the screw was located in the corresponding 10 regions (80 screws in each area) on the virtual projections of the anteroposterior and lateral virtual radiographs respectively, and its accuracy was analyzed by CT to determine whether each screw penetrated the medial wall of the pedicle or vertebral artery foramen. The anteroposterior and lateral X-rays and postoperative CT data of 34 patients who underwent axial pedicle screw placement (67 axial pedicle screws were placed in total) from January 2014 to December 2021 were collected, including 18 males and 16 females, with a mean age of (45.8±14.1) years. The position of the tip of the screw trajectory on the anteroposterior and lateral films was divided in the same way. The number of screws in the corresponding 10 positions was counted, and CT analysis was used to determine whether each screw penetrated the medial wall of the axial pedicle or the vertebral artery foreman. Results: The results of the imaging simulation screw placement study showed that the perforation rate of the vertebral artery foramen in region Ⅳ and Ⅴ was 75.0% (120/160) and 100% (160/160), respectively, while the perforation rate of the medial wall of the axial pedicle in the region Ⅰ was 85.6%(137/160). The failure rate in regions Ⅱ and Ⅲ was relatively lower, and the performance of simulated screws located in the region a was better than those in region b. The perforation rates of the medial wall in regions (a-Ⅱ) and (a-Ⅲ) was 7.5% (6/80) and 0 (0/80), respectively, and the perforation rates of the vertebral foramen was 0 (0/80) and 21.3% (17/80), respectively. The retrospective imaging study also showed a higher rate of placement failure in regions Ⅰ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ, and relatively lower in regions Ⅱ and Ⅲ. There were total of 15 screws in region a-Ⅱ and a-Ⅲ, and no destruction of the medial wall of the axial pedicle and the vertebral artery foreman occurred there. Conclusions: Regions a-Ⅱ and a-Ⅲ are the "safety areas" of the tip of the pedicle screw trajectory in the axial vertebra. By analyzing the tip of the pedicle screw trajectory on the anteroposterior and lateral radiographs, the operator can determine the reasonable trajectory of axial pedicle screw placement, prevent the injury of the cervical spinal cord and vertebral artery, and reduce the risk of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Jin
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital (Yuying Children's Hospital) of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - J T Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital (Yuying Children's Hospital) of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - J S Miao
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital (Yuying Children's Hospital) of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - J J Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital (Yuying Children's Hospital) of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - A M Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital (Yuying Children's Hospital) of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - S R Sheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital (Yuying Children's Hospital) of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - H Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital (Yuying Children's Hospital) of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - W F Ni
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital (Yuying Children's Hospital) of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Y Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital (Yuying Children's Hospital) of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - X Y Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital (Yuying Children's Hospital) of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Robinson ER, Kare AJ, Kheirolomoom A, Inayathullah M, Tumbale SK, Wu B, Raie MN, Seo JW, Salazar FB, Paulmurugan R, Wu AM, Ferrara KW. Abstract 5372: CD3 and CD8 targeting of ionizable lipid nanoparticles for in vivo mRNA delivery to T cells. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of T cells has emerged in recent years as a powerful immunotherapy against cancer. Currently, T cells are harvested from the patient or donor and are genetically modified ex vivo to enhance their cancer-fighting capabilities. However, this process is costly and more complex than administering off-the-shelf therapies such as small molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies. The development of methods to transfect T cells in vivo remains an important endeavor for immunotherapies.
Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have recently played a key role as carrier vehicles for mRNA in the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna mRNA vaccines. While ionizable LNPs delivering mRNA have now been FDA-approved for non-targeted immune cell delivery, their potential for targeting specific immune cell subtypes has yet to be fully realized. Delivering therapeutic genes that could reprogram T cells in vivo to recognize disease-relevant antigens would be of great clinical significance in reducing the lead time and cost of current ACT therapies.
Methods: Ionizable LNPs were synthesized to encapsulate mCherry or Firefly Luciferase (FLuc) reporter gene mRNA with a fluorescent Cy7-labeled lipid on the LNP surface. CD3 monoclonal antibody, F(ab’)2 CD3e fragment, or CD8 diabody was conjugated to the LNP surface. In vitro, the aCD3- or aCD8-LNPs were incubated with Jurkat or TK-1 cell lines, respectively. LNP uptake was imaged using fluorescent confocal microscopy, and mCherry expression was quantified via flow cytometry. For in vivo delivery, the ionizable LNPs were injected i.v., and reporter gene expression and cell activation were analyzed via flow cytometry and bioluminescence imaging.
Results: Confocal microscopy of ionizable LNP uptake in vitro highlighted differences in the internalization of the aCD3- and aCD8-LNPs in their respective cell lines, and transfection was observed with each targeting ligand. In murine models, aCD3-LNPs led to FLuc expression in the spleen and liver with increased accumulation in lymph nodes. aCD3-LNPs also transfected mCherry mRNA and activated splenic and circulating T cells. Cytokine concentrations were elevated in blood 5 and 24 h after aCD3-LNP injection. The impact of LNP lipid composition on transfection will be detailed in the presentation.
Conclusions: We successfully packaged mRNAs of mCherry and FLuc reporter genes within ionizable LNPs and targeted them to T cells via the CD3 or CD8 receptor. The ionizable LNPs were capable of transfecting T cells in vitro and in vivo while causing transient activation, depletion, migration, cytokine release, and phenotypic shifts. Working towards the goal of receptor-mediated T cell targeting in vivo, we elucidate the circulation time, transfection efficiency, and activating potential of ionizable LNPs targeted to T cells in the spleen and blood via two potential targets, the CD3 and CD8 receptors.
Citation Format: Elise R. Robinson, Aris J. Kare, Azadeh Kheirolomoom, Mohammed Inayathullah, Spencer K. Tumbale, Bo Wu, Marina N. Raie, Jai W. Seo, Felix B. Salazar, Ramasamy Paulmurugan, Anna M. Wu, Katherine W. Ferrara. CD3 and CD8 targeting of ionizable lipid nanoparticles for in vivo mRNA delivery to T cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5372.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bo Wu
- 1Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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10
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Li J, Komatsu H, Poku EK, Olafsen T, Huang KX, Huang LA, Chea J, Bowles N, Chang B, Rawson J, Peng J, Wu AM, Shively JE, Kandeel FR. Biodistribution of Intra-Arterial and Intravenous Delivery of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in a Rat Model to Guide Delivery Strategies for Diabetes Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:595. [PMID: 35631421 PMCID: PMC9143655 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (UC-MSC-EVs) have become an emerging strategy for treating various autoimmune and metabolic disorders, particularly diabetes. Delivery of UC-MSC-EVs is essential to ensure optimal efficacy of UC-MSC-EVs. To develop safe and superior EVs-based delivery strategies, we explored nuclear techniques including positron emission tomography (PET) to evaluate the delivery of UC-MSC-EVs in vivo. In this study, human UC-MSC-EVs were first successfully tagged with I-124 to permit PET determination. Intravenous (I.V.) and intra-arterial (I.A.) administration routes of [124I]I-UC-MSC-EVs were compared and evaluated by in vivo PET-CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution in a non-diabetic Lewis (LEW) rat model. For I.A. administration, [124I]I-UC-MSC-EVs were directly infused into the pancreatic parenchyma via the celiac artery. PET imaging revealed that the predominant uptake occurred in the liver for both injection routes, and further imaging characterized clearance patterns of [124I]I-UC-MSC-EVs. For biodistribution, the uptake (%ID/gram) in the spleen was significantly higher for I.V. administration compared to I.A. administration (1.95 ± 0.03 and 0.43 ± 0.07, respectively). Importantly, the pancreas displayed similar uptake levels between the two modalities (0.20 ± 0.06 for I.V. and 0.24 ± 0.03 for I.A.). Therefore, our initial data revealed that both routes had similar delivery efficiency for [124I]I-UC-MSC-EVs except in the spleen and liver, considering that higher spleen uptake could enhance immunomodulatory application of UC-MSC-EVs. These findings could guide the development of safe and efficacious delivery strategies for UC-MSC-EVs in diabetes therapies, in which a minimally invasive I.V. approach would serve as a better delivery strategy. Further confirmation studies are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.K.); (K.X.H.); (L.A.H.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Hirotake Komatsu
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.K.); (K.X.H.); (L.A.H.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Erasmus K. Poku
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (E.K.P.); (J.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Tove Olafsen
- Department of Cancer Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (T.O.); (B.C.); (A.M.W.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Kelly X. Huang
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.K.); (K.X.H.); (L.A.H.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Lina A. Huang
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.K.); (K.X.H.); (L.A.H.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Junie Chea
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (E.K.P.); (J.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicole Bowles
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (E.K.P.); (J.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Betty Chang
- Department of Cancer Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (T.O.); (B.C.); (A.M.W.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.K.); (K.X.H.); (L.A.H.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Jiangling Peng
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.K.); (K.X.H.); (L.A.H.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Anna M. Wu
- Department of Cancer Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (T.O.); (B.C.); (A.M.W.); (J.E.S.)
| | - John E. Shively
- Department of Cancer Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (T.O.); (B.C.); (A.M.W.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Fouad R. Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.K.); (K.X.H.); (L.A.H.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
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Zettlitz KA, Salazar FB, Yamada RE, Trinh KR, Vasuthasawat A, Timmerman JM, Morrison SL, Wu AM. 89Zr-ImmunoPET shows therapeutic efficacy of anti-CD20 interferon-α fusion protein in a murine B-cell lymphoma model. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:607-615. [PMID: 35086952 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated tumor delivery of cytokines can overcome limitations of systemic administration (toxicity, short half-lives). Previous work showed improved anti-tumor potency of anti-CD20-interferon alpha (IFNα) fusion proteins in preclinical mouse models of B-cell lymphoma. Although tumor targeting is mediated by the antibody part of the fusion protein, the cytokine component might strongly influence biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, as a result of its affinity, size, valency and receptor distribution. Here, we used positron emission tomography (immunoPET) to study the in vivo biodistribution and tumor targeting of the anti-CD20 rituximab-murine IFNα1 fusion protein (Rit-mIFNα) and compared it to the parental mAb (rituximab, Rit). Rit-mIFNα and Rit were radiolabeled with zirconium-89 (89Zr, t1/2 78.4 h) and injected into C3H mice bearing syngeneic B-cell lymphomas (38C13-hCD20). Dynamic (2 h p.i.) and static (4, 24 and 72 h) PET scans were acquired. Ex vivo biodistribution was performed after the final scan. Both 89Zr-Rit-mIFNα and 89Zr-Rit specifically target hCD20-expressing B-cell lymphoma in vivo. 89Zr-Rit-mIFNα showed specific uptake in tumors (7.6 {plus minus} 1.0 %ID/g at 75 h p.i.), which was significantly lower than 89Zr-Rit (38.4 {plus minus} 9.9 %ID/g, p<0.0001). ImmunoPET studies also revealed differences in the biodistribution, 89Zr-Rit-mIFNα showed rapid blood clearance and high accumulation in the liver compared with 89Zr-Rit. Importantly, immunoPET clearly revealed a therapeutic effect of the single 89Zr-Rit-mIFNα dose, resulting in smaller tumors and fewer lymph node metastases compared to mice receiving 89Zr-Rit. Mice receiving 89Zr-Rit-mIFNα had enlarged spleens, suggesting that systemic immune activation contributes to therapeutic efficacy in addition to the direct antitumoral activity of IFNα. In conclusion, immunoPET allows the non-invasive tracking and quantification of the antibody-cytokine fusion protein and helps understand the in vivo behavior and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Felix B Salazar
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Reiko E Yamada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - K Ryan Trinh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alex Vasuthasawat
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - John M Timmerman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sherie L Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Wu AM. Imaging the host response to cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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13
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Herrera AF, Palmer J, Adhikarla V, Yamauchi D, Poku EK, Bading J, Yazaki P, Dandapani S, Mei M, Chen R, Cao T, Karras N, McTague P, Nademanee A, Popplewell L, Sahebi F, Shively JE, Simpson J, Smith DL, Song J, Spielberger R, Tsai NC, Thomas SH, Forman SJ, Colcher D, Wu AM, Wong J, Smith E. Anti-CD25 radioimmunotherapy with BEAM autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation conditioning in Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:5300-5311. [PMID: 34638132 PMCID: PMC9153018 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk relapsed or refractory (R/R) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is associated with poor outcomes after conventional salvage therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT). Post-AHCT consolidation with brentuximab vedotin (BV) improves progression-free survival (PFS), but with increasing use of BV early in the treatment course, the utility of consolidation is unclear. CD25 is often expressed on Reed-Sternberg cells and in the tumor microenvironment in HL, and we hypothesized that the addition of 90Y-antiCD25 (aTac) to carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan (BEAM) AHCT would be safe and result in a transplantation platform that is agnostic to prior HL-directed therapy. Twenty-five patients with high-risk R/R HL were enrolled in this phase 1 dose-escalation trial of aTac-BEAM. Following an imaging dose of 111In-antiCD25, 2 patients had altered biodistribution, and a third developed an unrelated catheter-associated bacteremia; therefore, 22 patients ultimately received therapeutic 90Y-aTac-BEAM AHCT. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and 0.6 mCi/kg was deemed the recommended phase 2 dose, the dose at which the heart wall would not receive >2500 cGy. Toxicities and time to engraftment were similar to those observed with standard AHCT, though 95% of patients developed stomatitis (all grade 1-2 per Bearman toxicity scale). Seven relapses (32%) were observed, most commonly in patients with ≥3 risk factors. The estimated 5-year PFS and overall survival probabilities among 22 evaluable patients were 68% and 95%, respectively, and non-relapse mortality was 0%. aTac-BEAM AHCT was tolerable in patients with high-risk R/R HL, and we are further evaluating the efficacy of this approach in a phase 2 trial. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01476839.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex F. Herrera
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Mei
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
| | - Robert Chen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
| | - Thai Cao
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
| | | | | | | | | | - Firoozeh Sahebi
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
| | | | | | | | - Joo Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Ni-Chun Tsai
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Biology
| | | | | | | | - Anna M. Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics
| | | | - Eileen Smith
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
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Wu AM, Pandit-Taskar N. ImmunoPET: harnessing antibodies for imaging immune cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 24:181-197. [PMID: 34550529 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dramatic, but uneven, progress in the development of immunotherapies for cancer has created a need for better diagnostic technologies including innovative non-invasive imaging approaches. This review discusses challenges and opportunities for molecular imaging in immuno-oncology and focuses on the unique role that antibodies can fill. ImmunoPET has been implemented for detection of immune cell subsets, activation and inhibitory biomarkers, tracking adoptively transferred cellular therapeutics, and many additional applications in preclinical models. Parallel progress in radionuclide availability and infrastructure supporting biopharmaceutical manufacturing has accelerated clinical translation. ImmunoPET is poised to provide key information on prognosis, patient selection, and monitoring immune responses to therapy in cancer and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Center for Theranostics Studies, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Molecular Imaging &Therapy Svc, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Targeted Radioimmunotherapy and Theranostics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, MSK, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Farwell MD, Gamache RF, Babazada H, Hellmann MD, Harding JJ, Korn R, Mascioni A, Le W, Wilson I, Gordon MS, Wu AM, Ulaner GA, Wolchok JD, Postow MA, Pandit-Taskar NA. CD8-targeted PET Imaging of Tumor Infiltrating T cells in Patients with Cancer: A Phase I First-in-Human Study of 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C, a Radiolabeled anti-CD8 Minibody. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:720-726. [PMID: 34413145 PMCID: PMC9051598 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for in vivo diagnostic imaging probes that can noninvasively measure tumor infiltrating CD8+ leukocytes. Such imaging probes could be used to predict early response to cancer immunotherapy, help select effective single or combination immunotherapies, and facilitate the development of new immunotherapies or immunotherapy combinations. This study was designed to optimize conditions for performing CD8 PET imaging with 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C and determine if CD8 PET imaging could provide a safe and effective non-invasive method of visualizing the whole body biodistribution of CD8+ leukocytes. Methods: We conducted a phase 1 first-in-human PET imaging study using an anti-CD8 radiolabeled minibody, 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C, to detect whole body and tumor CD8+ leukocyte distribution in patients with metastatic solid tumors. Patients received 111 MBq of 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C followed by serial PET scans over a 5-7-day period. A two-stage design included a dose-escalation phase and a dose-expansion phase. Biodistribution, radiation dosimetry, and semi-quantitative evaluation of 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C uptake were performed in all patients. Results: 15 subjects with metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma were enrolled. No drug-related adverse events or abnormal laboratory results were noted except for a transient increase in anti-drug antibodies in 1 subject. 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C accumulated in tumors and CD8-rich tissues (e.g. spleen, bone marrow, nodes) with maximum uptake at 24-48 hours post injection and low background activity in CD8-poor tissues (e.g. muscle and lung). Radiotracer uptake in tumors was noted in 10/15 subjects, including 7/8 subjects on immunotherapy, 1/2 subjects on targeted therapy, and 2/5 treatment naïve subjects. In three patients with advanced melanoma or hepatocellular carcinoma on immunotherapy, post-treatment CD8 PET/CT scans demonstrated increased 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C uptake in tumor lesions, which correlated with response. Conclusion: CD8 PET imaging with 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C is safe and has the potential to visualize the whole-body biodistribution of CD8+ leukocytes in tumors and reference tissues, and may predict early response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ron Korn
- Imaging Endpoints, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna M Wu
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, United States
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Kasten BB, Houson HA, Coleman JM, Leavenworth JW, Markert JM, Wu AM, Salazar F, Tavaré R, Massicano AVF, Gillespie GY, Lapi SE, Warram JM, Sorace AG. Positron emission tomography imaging with 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody reveals CD8 + cell infiltration during oncolytic virus therapy in a glioma murine model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15384. [PMID: 34321569 PMCID: PMC8319402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of treatment response to immunotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a process which can take months. Detection of CD8+ T cell recruitment to the tumor with a noninvasive imaging modality such as positron emission tomography (PET) may allow for tumor characterization and early evaluation of therapeutic response to immunotherapy. In this study, we utilized 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody-PET to provide proof-of-concept to detect CD8+ T cell immune response to oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) M002 immunotherapy in a syngeneic GBM model. Immunocompetent mice (n = 16) were implanted intracranially with GSC005 GBM tumors, and treated with intratumoral injection of oHSV M002 or saline control. An additional non-tumor bearing cohort (n = 4) receiving oHSV M002 treatment was also evaluated. Mice were injected with 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody seven days post oHSV administration and imaged with a preclinical PET scanner. Standardized uptake value (SUV) was quantified. Ex vivo tissue analyses included autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. PET imaging showed significantly higher SUV in tumors which had been treated with M002 compared to those without M002 treatment (p = 0.0207) and the non-tumor bearing M002 treated group (p = 0.0021). Accumulation in target areas, especially the spleen, was significantly reduced by blocking with the non-labeled diabody (p < 0.001). Radioactive probe accumulation in brains was consistent with CD8+ cell trafficking patterns after oHSV treatment. This PET imaging strategy could aid in distinguishing responders from non-responders during immunotherapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Kasten
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hailey A Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jennifer M Coleman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Felix Salazar
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Adriana V F Massicano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason M Warram
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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17
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Murad JP, Tilakawardane D, Park AK, Kennewick KT, Lopez LS, Lee HJ, Gittins BJ, Chang WC, Tran CP, Martinez C, Wu AM, Reiter RE, Dorff TB, Forman SJ, Priceman SJ. Abstract 1502: Pre-conditioning modifies the tumor microenvironment to enhance solid tumor CAR T cell efficacy and endogenous immunity. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has led to impressive clinical responses in patients with hematological malignancies; however, its utility in patients with solid tumors has been limited. While CAR T cells for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer are being clinically evaluated and are anticipated to show bioactivity, their safety and the impact of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) have not been faithfully explored preclinically. Using a novel human prostate stem cell antigen knock-in (hPSCA-KI) immunocompetent mouse model and syngeneic murine PSCA CAR T cells, we performed analyses of normal and tumor tissues by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and/or RNA sequencing. We further assessed the beneficial impact of cyclophosphamide (Cy) pre-conditioning on modifications to the immunosuppressive TME and impact on PSCA-CAR T cell safety and efficacy. We observed an in vivo requirement of Cy pre-conditioning in uncovering the efficacy of PSCA-CAR T cells in prostate and pancreas cancer models, with no observed toxicities in normal tissues with endogenous PSCA expression. This combination also dampened the immunosuppressive TME, generated pro-inflammatory myeloid and T cell signatures in tumors, and enhanced the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells, and endogenous as well as adoptively-transferred CAR T cells, resulting in long-term anti-tumor immunity.
Citation Format: John P. Murad, Dileshni Tilakawardane, Anthony K. Park, Kelly T. Kennewick, Lupita S. Lopez, Hee J. Lee, Brenna J. Gittins, Wen-Chung Chang, Chau P. Tran, Catalina Martinez, Anna M. Wu, Robert E. Reiter, Tanya B. Dorff, Stephen J. Forman, Saul J. Priceman. Pre-conditioning modifies the tumor microenvironment to enhance solid tumor CAR T cell efficacy and endogenous immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1502.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hee J. Lee
- 1City of Hope - National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | | | - Chau P. Tran
- 2University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Anna M. Wu
- 1City of Hope - National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
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18
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Wu AM, James ML, Kodukulla MI. Sanjiv Sam Gambhir (1962–2020). Nat Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-00668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Aarntzen E, Achilefu S, Akam EA, Albaghdadi M, Beer AJ, Bharti S, Bhujwalla ZM, Bischof GN, Biswal S, Boss M, Botnar RM, Brinson Z, Brom M, Buitinga M, Bulte JW, Caravan P, Chan HP, Chandy M, Chaney AM, Chen DL, Chen X(S, Chenevert TL, Coughlin JM, Covington MF, Cumming P, Daldrup-Link HE, Deal EM, de Galan B, Derlin T, Dewhirst MW, Di Paolo A, Drzezga A, Du Y, Thi-Quynh Duong M, Ehman RL, Eriksson O, Galli F, Gatenby RA, Gelovani J, Giehl K, Giger ML, Goel R, Gold G, Gotthardt M, Graham MM, Gropler RJ, Gründer G, Gulhane A, Hadjiiski L, Hajhosseiny R, Hammoud DA, Helfer BM, Hicks RJ, Higuchi T, Hoffman JM, Honer M, Huang SC(H, Hung J, Hwang DW, Jackson IM, Jacobs AH, Jaffer FA, Jain SK, James ML, Jansen T, Johansson L, Joosten L, Kakkad S, Kamson D, Kang SR, Kelly KA, Knopp MI, Knopp MV, Kogan F, Krishnamachary B, Künnecke B, Lee DS, Libby P, Luker GD, Luker KE, Makowski MR, Mankoff DA, Massoud TF, Meyer CR, Miller Z, Min JJ, Mondal SB, Montesi SB, Navin PJ, Nekolla SG, Niu G, Notohamiprodjo S, Ordoñez AA, Osborn EA, Pacheco-Torres J, Pagano G, Palmer GM, Paulmurugan R, Penet MF, Phinikaridou A, Pomper MG, Prieto C, Qi H, Raghunand N, Ramar T, Reynolds F, Ropella-Panagis K, Ross BD, Rowe SP, Rudin M, Sadaghiani MS, Sager H, Samala R, Saraste A, Schelhaas S, Schwaiger M, Schwarz SW, Seiberlich N, Shapiro MG, Shim H, Signore A, Solnes LB, Suh M, Tsien C, van Eimeren T, Varasteh Z, Venkatesh SK, Viel T, Waerzeggers Y, Wahl RL, Weber W, Werner RA, Winkeler A, Wong DF, Wright CL, Wu AM, Wu JC, Yoon D, You SH, Yuan C, Yuan H, Zanzonico P, Zhao XQ, Zhou IY, Zinnhardt B. Contributors. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.01004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Wu AM. Protein Engineering for Molecular Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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21
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Wu AM, Iagaru A, Herschman H, Weissleder R, Sawyers CL. Sanjiv “Sam” Gambhir, MD, PhD: In Memoriam (1962–2020). Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- 2Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | | | - Ralph Weissleder
- 4Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Tsai WTK, Zettlitz KA, Dahlbom M, Reiter RE, Wu AM. Evaluation of [ 131I]I- and [ 177Lu]Lu-DTPA-A11 Minibody for Radioimmunotherapy in a Preclinical Model of PSCA-Expressing Prostate Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:1380-1391. [PMID: 32661830 PMCID: PMC7688013 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radioimmunotherapy uses tumor-specific antibodies to deliver therapeutic radionuclides, but hematological toxicity due to the long serum half-life of intact antibodies remains a challenge. We evaluated a smaller antibody fragment, the minibody, with faster kinetics and a potentially improved therapeutic index. PROCEDURES The anti-prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) minibody (A11 Mb) was radiolabeled with iodine-124 ([124I]I-A11 Mb) or conjugated with deferoxamine (DFO) and labeled with zirconium-89 ([89Zr]Zr-DFO-A11 Mb) for surrogate immunoPET to profile pharmacokinetics in a human prostate cancer xenograft model. Subsequently, minibodies labeled with two therapeutic beta emitters, directly iodinated [131I]I-A11 Mb (non-residualizing) and 177Lu chelated using DTPA ([177Lu]Lu-DTPA-A11 Mb) (residualizing), were compared for in vitro antigen-specific cytotoxicity. Full biodistribution studies (in 22Rv1-PSCA tumor bearing and hPSCA knock-in mice) were conducted for dosimetry calculations. Finally, the lead candidate [131I]I-A11 Mb was evaluated in a radioimmunotherapy experiment. Escalating single doses (3.7, 11, or 37 MBq) and saline control were administered to 22Rv1-PSCA tumor bearing mice and anti-tumor effects (tumor volume) and toxicity (body weight) were monitored. RESULTS Minibodies radiolabeled with therapeutic beta emitters [131I]I-A11 Mb and [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-A11 Mb exhibited comparable tumor cell growth inhibition in vitro. In vivo surrogate immunoPET imaging using [89Zr]Zr-DFO-A11 Mb showed activity retention in liver and kidney up to 72 h, while [124I]I-A11 Mb cleared from liver, kidney, and blood by 48 h. Based on full biodistribution and dosimetry calculations, administering 37 MBq [131I]I-A11 Mb was predicted to deliver a favorable dose to the tumor (35 Gy), with a therapeutic index of 22 (tumor:bone marrow). For [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-A11 Mb, the kidneys would be dose-limiting, and the maximum tolerated activity (7.4 MBq) was not predicted to deliver an effective radiation dose to tumor. Radioimmunotherapy with a single dose of [131I]I-A11 Mb showed dose-dependent tumor inhibition with minimal off-target toxicity and improved median survival (19 and 24 days, P < 0.001) compared with untreated mice (12 days). CONCLUSIONS These findings show the potential of the anti-PSCA minibody for targeted radioimmunotherapy with minimal toxicity, and the application of immunoPET and dosimetry for personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting K Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UC Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UC Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Magnus Dahlbom
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, UC Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Reiter
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UC Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UC Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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23
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Ma Z, Wang F, Zhong Y, Salazar F, Li J, Zhang M, Ren F, Wu AM, Dai H. Cross-Link-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Rapid Excretion in Nanotheranostic Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20552-20560. [PMID: 32681553 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most NIR-IIb fluorophores are nanoparticle-based probes with long retention (≈1 month or longer) in the body. Here, we applied a novel cross-linked coating to functionalize core/shell lead sulfide/cadmium sulfide quantum dots (PbS/CdS QDs) emitting at ≈1600 nm. The coating was comprised of an amphiphilic polymer followed by three crosslinked amphiphilic polymeric layers (P3 coating), imparting high biocompatibility and >90 % excretion of QDs within 2 weeks of intravenous administration. The P3 -QDs were conjugated to an engineered anti-CD8 diabody (Cys-diabody) for in vivo molecular imaging of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in response to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Two-plex molecular imaging in combination with down-conversion Er nanoparticles (ErNPs) was performed for real-time in vivo monitoring of PD-L1 positive tumor cells and CTLs with cellular resolution by non-invasive NIR-IIb light sheet microscopy. Imaging of angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment and of lymph nodes deep in the body with a signal-to-background ratio of up to ≈170 was also achieved using P3 -QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yeteng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Felix Salazar
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mingxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuqiang Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Ma Z, Wang F, Zhong Y, Salazar F, Li J, Zhang M, Ren F, Wu AM, Dai H. Cross-Link-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Rapid Excretion in Nanotheranostic Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 132:20733-20741. [PMID: 34334834 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most NIR-IIb fluorophores are nanoparticle-based probes with long retention ( ≈ 1 month or longer) in the body. Here, we applied a novel cross-linked coating to functionalize core/shell lead sulfide/cadmium sulfide quantum dots (PbS/CdS QDs) emitting at ≈ 1600 nm. The coating was comprised of an amphiphilic polymer followed by three crosslinked amphiphilic polymeric layers (P3 coating), imparting high biocompatibility and > 90% excretion of QDs within 2 weeks of intravenous administration. The P3-QDs were conjugated to an engineered anti-CD8 diabody (Cys-diabody) for in vivo molecular imaging of CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in response to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Two-plex molecular imaging in combination with down-conversion Er nanoparticles (ErNPs) was performed for real-time in vivo monitoring of PD-L1 positive tumor cells and CTLs with cellular resolution by non-invasive NIR-IIb light sheet microscopy. Imaging of angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment and of lymph nodes deep in the body with a signal-to-background ratio of up to ≈ 170 was also achieved using P3-QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Yeteng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Felix Salazar
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research, Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA (USA)
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Mingxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan (China)
| | - Fuqiang Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research, Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA (USA)
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
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Kao RL, Truscott LC, Chiou TT, Tsai W, Wu AM, De Oliveira SN. A Cetuximab-Mediated Suicide System in Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Cancer Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 30:413-428. [PMID: 30860401 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using gene modification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to create persistent generation of multilineage immune effectors to target cancer cells directly is proposed. Gene-modified human HSC have been used to introduce genes to correct, prevent, or treat diseases. Concerns regarding malignant transformation, abnormal hematopoiesis, and autoimmunity exist, making the co-delivery of a suicide gene a necessary safety measure. Truncated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRt) was tested as a suicide gene system co-delivered with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to human HSC. Third-generation self-inactivating lentiviral vectors were used to co-deliver an anti-CD19 CAR and EGFRt. In vitro, gene-modified HSC were differentiated into myeloid cells to allow transgene expression. An antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay was used, incubating target cells with leukocytes and monoclonal antibody cetuximab to determine the percentage of surviving cells. In vivo, gene-modified HSC were engrafted into NSG mice with subsequent treatment with intraperitoneal cetuximab. Persistence of gene-modified cells was assessed by flow cytometry, droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using 89Zr-Cetuximab. Cytotoxicity was significantly increased (p = 0.01) in target cells expressing EGFRt after incubation with leukocytes and cetuximab 1 μg/mL compared to EGFRt+ cells without cetuximab and non-transduced cells with or without cetuximab, at all effector:target ratios. Mice humanized with gene-modified HSC presented significant ablation of gene-modified cells after treatment (p = 0.002). Remaining gene-modified cells were close to background on flow cytometry and within two logs of decrease of vector copy numbers by ddPCR in mouse tissues. PET imaging confirmed ablation with a decrease of an average of 82.5% after cetuximab treatment. These results give proof of principle for CAR-modified HSC regulated by a suicide gene. Further studies are needed to enable clinical translation. Cetuximab ADCC of EGFRt-modified cells caused effective killing. Different ablation approaches, such as inducible caspase 9 or co-delivery of other inert cell markers, should also be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy L Kao
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Laurel C Truscott
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tzu-Ting Chiou
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wenting Tsai
- 2 Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna M Wu
- 2 Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Satiro N De Oliveira
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Bäck TA, Jennbacken K, Hagberg Thulin M, Lindegren S, Jensen H, Olafsen T, Yazaki PJ, Palm S, Albertsson P, Damber JE, Wu AM, Welén K. Targeted alpha therapy with astatine-211-labeled anti-PSCA A11 minibody shows antitumor efficacy in prostate cancer xenografts and bone microtumors. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:10. [PMID: 32048062 PMCID: PMC7013029 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-0600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a promising treatment for micrometastatic and minimal residual cancer. We evaluated systemic α-radioimmunotherapy (α-RIT) of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) using the α-particle emitter 211At-labeled to the anti-PSCA A11 minibody. A11 is specific for prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), a cell surface glycoprotein which is overexpressed in more than 90% of both localized prostate cancer and bone metastases. METHODS PC3-PSCA cells were implanted subcutaneously (s.c.) and intratibially (i.t) in nude mice. Efficacy of α-RIT (two fractions-14-day interval) was studied on s.c. macrotumors (0, 1.5 and 1.9 MBq) and on i.t. microtumors (~100-200 μm; 0, 0.8 or 1.5 MBq) by tumor-volume measurements. The injected activities for therapies were estimated from separate biodistribution and myelotoxicity studies. RESULTS Tumor targeting of 211At-A11 was efficient and the effect on s.c. macrotumors was strong and dose-dependent. At 6 weeks, the mean tumor volumes for the treated groups, compared with controls, were reduced by approximately 85%. The separate myelotoxicity study following one single fraction showed reduced white blood cells (WBC) for all treated groups on day 6 after treatment. For the 0.8 and 1.5 MBq, the WBC reductions were transient and followed by recovery at day 13. For 2.4 MBq, a clear toxicity was observed and the mice were sacrificed on day 7. In the long-term follow-up of the 0.8 and 1.5 MBq-groups, blood counts on day 252 were normal and no signs of radiotoxicity observed. Efficacy on i.t. microtumors was evaluated in two experiments. In experiment 1, the tumor-free fraction (TFF) was 95% for both treated groups and significantly different (p < 0.05) from the controls at a TFF of 66%). In experiment 2, the difference in TFF was smaller, 32% for the treated group versus 20% for the controls. However, the difference in microtumor volume in experiment 2 was highly significant, 0.010 ± 0.003 mm3 versus 3.79 ± 1.24 mm3 (treated versus controls, respectively), i.e., a 99.7% reduction (p < 0.001). The different outcome in experiment 1 and 2 is most likely due to differences in microtumor sizes at therapy, or higher tumor-take in experiment 2 (where more cells were implanted). CONCLUSION Evaluating fractionated α-RIT with 211At-labeled anti-PSCA A11 minibody, we found clear growth inhibition on both macrotumors and intratibial microtumors. For mice treated with multiple fractions, we also observed radiotoxicity manifested by progressive loss in body weight at 30 to 90 days after treatment. Our findings are conceptually promising for a systemic TAT of mCRPC and warrant further investigations of 211At-labeled PSCA-directed vectors. Such studies should include methods to improve the therapeutic window, e.g., by implementing a pretargeted regimen of α-RIT or by altering the size of the targeting vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Bäck
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gula stråket 2B SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karin Jennbacken
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Bioscience Cardiovascular, Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Hagberg Thulin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gula stråket 2B SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Jensen
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, KF-3982, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tove Olafsen
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Yazaki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Stig Palm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gula stråket 2B SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Albertsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Damber
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Karin Welén
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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27
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Parisi G, Saco JD, Salazar FB, Tsoi J, Krystofinski P, Puig-Saus C, Zhang R, Zhou J, Cheung-Lau GC, Garcia AJ, Grasso CS, Tavaré R, Hu-Lieskovan S, Mackay S, Zalevsky J, Bernatchez C, Diab A, Wu AM, Comin-Anduix B, Charych D, Ribas A. Persistence of adoptively transferred T cells with a kinetically engineered IL-2 receptor agonist. Nat Commun 2020; 11:660. [PMID: 32005809 PMCID: PMC6994533 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a component of most protocols of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapy for cancer, but is limited by short exposure and high toxicities. NKTR-214 is a kinetically-engineered IL-2 receptor βγ (IL-2Rβγ)-biased agonist consisting of IL-2 conjugated to multiple releasable polyethylene glycol chains resulting in sustained signaling through IL-2Rβγ. We report that ACT supported by NKTR-214 increases the proliferation, homing and persistence of anti-tumor T cells compared to ACT with IL-2, resulting in superior antitumor activity in a B16-F10 murine melanoma model. The use of NKTR-214 increases the number of polyfunctional T cells in murine spleens and tumors compared to IL-2, and enhances the polyfunctionality of T and NK cells in the peripheral blood of patients receiving NKTR-214 in a phase 1 trial. In conclusion, NKTR-214 may have the potential to improve the antitumor activity of ACT in humans through increased in vivo expansion and polyfunctionality of the adoptively transferred T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Parisi
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justin D Saco
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Felix B Salazar
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Tsoi
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paige Krystofinski
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Puig-Saus
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Isoplexis Corporation, Branford, CT, USA
| | - Gardenia C Cheung-Lau
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro J Garcia
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine S Grasso
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Begoña Comin-Anduix
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Charych
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Third Rock Ventures, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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28
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Gamache RF, Zettlitz KA, Tsai WTK, Collins J, Wu AM, Murphy JM. Tri-functional platform for construction of modular antibody fragments for in vivo 18F-PET or NIRF molecular imaging. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1832-1838. [PMID: 34123276 PMCID: PMC8148382 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05007h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging is a powerful tool for interrogating physiological and biochemical processes to understand the biology of disease and advance therapeutic developments. Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) optical imaging has become increasingly popular for intraoperative staging to enable cellular resolution imaging of tumor margins during surgical resection. In addition, engineered antibody fragments have emerged as promising molecular imaging agents given their exquisite target selectivity, rapid systemic clearance and site-selective chemical modification. We report a tri-functional platform for construction of a modular antibody fragment that can rapidly be labeled with radionuclides or fluorophores for PET or NIRF molecular imaging of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA). To provide a universal approach towards the targeted delivery of PET and optical imaging agents, we have developed a tri-functional platform (TFP) for the facile construction of modular, target-specific tracers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F Gamache
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Wen-Ting K Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Jeffrey Collins
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Jennifer M Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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29
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Pandit-Taskar N, Postow MA, Hellmann MD, Harding JJ, Barker CA, O'Donoghue JA, Ziolkowska M, Ruan S, Lyashchenko SK, Tsai F, Farwell M, Mitchell TC, Korn R, Le W, Lewis JS, Weber WA, Behera D, Wilson I, Gordon M, Wu AM, Wolchok JD. First-in-Humans Imaging with 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C Anti-CD8 Minibody in Patients with Solid Malignancies: Preliminary Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, and Lesion Targeting. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:512-519. [PMID: 31586002 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.229781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming the mainstay for treatment of a variety of malignancies, but only a subset of patients responds to treatment. Tumor-infiltrating CD8-positive (CD8+) T lymphocytes play a central role in antitumor immune responses. Noninvasive imaging of CD8+ T cells may provide new insights into the mechanisms of immunotherapy and potentially predict treatment response. We are studying the safety and utility of 89Zr-IAB22M2C, a radiolabeled minibody against CD8+ T cells, for targeted imaging of CD8+ T cells in patients with cancer. Methods: The initial dose escalation phase of this first-in-humans prospective study included 6 patients (melanoma, 1; lung, 4; hepatocellular carcinoma, 1). Patients received approximately 111 MBq (3 mCi) of 89Zr-IAB22M2C (at minibody mass doses of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 5, or 10 mg) as a single dose, followed by PET/CT scans at approximately 1-2, 6-8, 24, 48, and 96-144 h after injection. Biodistribution in normal organs, lymph nodes, and lesions was evaluated. In addition, serum samples were obtained at approximately 5, 30, and 60 min and later at the times of imaging. Patients were monitored for safety during infusion and up to the last imaging time point. Results: 89Zr-IAB22M2C infusion was well tolerated, with no immediate or delayed side effects observed after injection. Serum clearance was typically biexponential and dependent on the mass of minibody administered. Areas under the serum time-activity curve, normalized to administered activity, ranged from 1.3 h/L for 0.2 mg to 8.9 h/L for 10 mg. Biodistribution was dependent on the minibody mass administered. The highest uptake was always in spleen, followed by bone marrow. Liver uptake was more pronounced with higher minibody masses. Kidney uptake was typically low. Prominent uptake was seen in multiple normal lymph nodes as early as 2 h after injection, peaking by 24-48 h after injection. Uptake in tumor lesions was seen on imaging as early as 2 h after injection, with most 89Zr-IAB22M2C-positive lesions detectable by 24 h. Lesions were visualized early in patients receiving treatment, with SUV ranging from 5.85 to 22.8 in 6 target lesions. Conclusion: 89Zr-IAB22M2C imaging is safe and has favorable kinetics for early imaging. Biodistribution suggests successful targeting of CD8+ T-cell-rich tissues. The observed targeting of tumor lesions suggests this may be informative for CD8+ T-cell accumulation within tumors. Further evaluation is under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael A Postow
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Matthew D Hellmann
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - James J Harding
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Christopher A Barker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joseph A O'Donoghue
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Martha Ziolkowska
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shutian Ruan
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Serge K Lyashchenko
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Ron Korn
- Imaging Endpoints, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - William Le
- ImaginAb, Inc., Inglewood, California; and
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Ian Wilson
- ImaginAb, Inc., Inglewood, California; and
| | | | - Anna M Wu
- ImaginAb, Inc., Inglewood, California; and.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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30
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Kasten BB, Udayakumar N, Leavenworth JW, Wu AM, Lapi SE, McConathy JE, Sorace AG, Bag AK, Markert JM, Warram JM. Current and Future Imaging Methods for Evaluating Response to Immunotherapy in Neuro-Oncology. Theranostics 2019; 9:5085-5104. [PMID: 31410203 PMCID: PMC6691392 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging plays a central role in evaluating responses to therapy in neuro-oncology patients. The advancing clinical use of immunotherapies has demonstrated that treatment-related inflammatory responses mimic tumor growth via conventional imaging, thus spurring the development of new imaging approaches to adequately distinguish between pseudoprogression and progressive disease. To this end, an increasing number of advanced imaging techniques are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. These novel molecular imaging approaches will serve to complement conventional response assessments during immunotherapy. The goal of these techniques is to provide definitive metrics of tumor response at earlier time points to inform treatment decisions, which has the potential to improve patient outcomes. This review summarizes the available immunotherapy regimens, clinical response criteria, current state-of-the-art imaging approaches, and groundbreaking strategies for future implementation to evaluate the anti-tumor and immune responses to immunotherapy in neuro-oncology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B. Kasten
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Neha Udayakumar
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianmei W. Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anna M. Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jonathan E. McConathy
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Asim K. Bag
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - James M. Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jason M. Warram
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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31
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Zettlitz KA, Waldmann CM, Tsai WTK, Tavaré R, Collins J, Murphy JM, Wu AM. A Dual-Modality Linker Enables Site-Specific Conjugation of Antibody Fragments for 18F-Immuno-PET and Fluorescence Imaging. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1467-1473. [PMID: 30877181 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.223560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based dual-modality (PET/fluorescence) imaging enables both presurgery antigen-specific immuno-PET for noninvasive whole-body evaluation and intraoperative fluorescence for visualization of superficial tissue layers for image-guided surgery. Methods: We developed a universal dual-modality linker (DML) that facilitates site-specific conjugation to a cysteine residue-bearing antibody fragment, introduction of a commercially available fluorescent dye (via an amine-reactive prosthetic group), and rapid and efficient radiolabeling via click chemistry with 18F-labeled trans-cyclooctene (18F-TCO). To generate a dual-modality antibody fragment-based imaging agent, the DML was labeled with the far-red dye sulfonate cyanine 5 (sCy5), site-specifically conjugated to the C-terminal cysteine of the anti-prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) cys-diabody A2, and subsequently radiolabeled by click chemistry with 18F-TCO. The new imaging probe was evaluated in a human PSCA-positive prostate cancer xenograft model by sequential immuno-PET and optical imaging. Uptake in target tissues was confirmed by ex vivo biodistribution. Results: We successfully synthesized a DML for conjugation of a fluorescent dye and 18F. The anti-PSCA cys-diabody A2 was site-specifically conjugated with either DML or sCy5 and radiolabeled via click chemistry with 18F-TCO. Immuno-PET imaging confirmed in vivo antigen-specific targeting of prostate cancer xenografts as early as 1 h after injection. Rapid renal clearance of the 50-kDa antibody fragment enables same-day imaging. Optical imaging showed antigen-specific fluorescent signal in PSCA-positive xenografts and high contrast to surrounding tissue and PSCA-negative xenografts. Conclusion: The DML enables site-specific conjugation away from the antigen-binding site of antibody fragments, with a controlled linker-to-protein ratio, and combines signaling moieties for 2 imaging systems into 1 molecule. Dual-modality imaging could provide both noninvasive whole-body imaging with organ-level biodistribution and fluorescence image-guided identification of tumor margins during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher M Waldmann
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wen-Ting K Tsai
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard Tavaré
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeffrey Collins
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer M Murphy
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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32
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Kim HK, Javed MR, Chen S, Zettlitz KA, Collins J, Wu AM, Kim CJ“CJ, Michael van Dam R, Keng PY. On-demand radiosynthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB) on an electrowetting-on-dielectric microfluidic chip for 18F-labeling of protein. RSC Adv 2019; 9:32175-32183. [PMID: 35530758 PMCID: PMC9072849 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06158d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An all-electronic, droplet-based batch microfluidic device, operated using the electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) mechanism was developed for on-demand synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB), the most commonly used 18F-prosthetic group for biomolecule labeling. In order to facilitate the development of peptides, and proteins as new diagnostic and therapeutic agents, we have diversified the compact EWOD microfluidic platform to perform the three-step radiosynthesis of [18F]SFB starting from the no carrier added [18F]fluoride ion. In this report, we established an optimal microliter droplet reaction condition to obtain reliable yields and synthesized [18F]SFB with sufficient radioactivity for subsequent conjugation to the anti-PSCA cys-diabody (A2cDb) and for small animal imaging. The three-step, one-pot radiosynthesis of [18F]SFB radiochemistry was adapted to a batch microfluidic platform with a reaction droplet sandwiched between two parallel plates of an EWOD chip, and optimized. Specifically, the ratio of precursor to base, droplet volume, reagent concentration, reaction time, and evaporation time were found be to be critical parameters. [18F]SFB was successfully synthesized on the EWOD chip in 39 ± 7% (n = 4) radiochemical yield in a total synthesis time of ∼120 min ([18F]fluoride activation, [18F]fluorination, hydrolysis, and coupling reaction, HPLC purification, drying and reformulation). The reformulation and stabilization step for [18F]SFB was important to obtain a high protein labeling efficiency of 33.1 ± 12.5% (n = 3). A small-animal immunoPET pilot study demonstrated that the [18F]SFB-PSCA diabody conjugate showed specific uptake in the PSCA-positive human prostate cancer xenograft. The successful development of a compact footprint of the EWOD radiosynthesizer has the potential to empower biologists to produce PET probes of interest themselves in a standard laboratory. An all-electronic, droplet-based batch microfluidic device, operated using the electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) mechanism was developed for on-demand synthesis of acommonly used 18F-prosthetic group for biomolecule labeling.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging
| | - Muhammad Rashed Javed
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging
| | - Supin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Kirstin A. Zettlitz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging
| | - Jeffrey Collins
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging
| | - Anna M. Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging
| | - Chang-Jin “C. J.” Kim
- Bioengineering Department
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department
| | - R. Michael van Dam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging
| | - Pei Yuin Keng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging
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33
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Tsai WK, Zettlitz KA, Tavaré R, Kobayashi N, Reiter RE, Wu AM. Dual-Modality ImmunoPET/Fluorescence Imaging of Prostate Cancer with an Anti-PSCA Cys-Minibody. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5903-5914. [PMID: 30613270 PMCID: PMC6299441 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate diagnostic methods for prostate cancer lead to over- and undertreatment, and the inability to intraoperatively visualize positive margins may limit the success of surgical resection. Prostate cancer visualization could be improved by combining the complementary modalities of immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) for preoperative disease detection, and fluorescence imaging-guided surgery (FIGS) for real-time intraoperative tumor margin identification. Here, we report on the evaluation of dual-labeled humanized anti-prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) cys-minibody (A11 cMb) for immunoPET/fluorescence imaging in subcutaneous and orthotopic prostate cancer models. Methods: A11 cMb was site-specifically conjugated with the near-infrared fluorophore Cy5.5 and radiolabeled with 124I or 89Zr. 124I-A11 cMb-Cy5.5 was used for successive immunoPET/fluorescence imaging of prostate cancer xenografts expressing high or moderate levels of PSCA (22Rv1-PSCA and PC3-PSCA). 89Zr-A11 cMb-Cy5.5 dual-modality imaging was evaluated in an orthotopic model. Ex vivo biodistribution at 24 h was used to confirm the uptake values, and tumors were visualized by post-mortem fluorescence imaging. Results: A11 cMb-Cy5.5 retained low nanomolar affinity for PSCA-positive cells. Conjugation conditions were established (dye-to-protein ratio of 0.7:1) that did not affect the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, or clearance of A11 cMb. ImmunoPET using dual-labeled 124I-A11 cMb-Cy5.5 showed specific targeting to both 22Rv1-PSCA and PC3-PSCA s.c. xenografts in nude mice. Ex vivo biodistribution confirmed specific uptake to PSCA-expressing tumors with 22Rv1-PSCA:22Rv1 and PC3-PSCA:PC3 ratios of 13:1 and 5.6:1, respectively. Consistent with the immunoPET, fluorescence imaging showed a strong signal from both 22Rv1-PSCA and PC3-PSCA tumors compared with non-PSCA expressing tumors. In an orthotopic model, 89Zr-A11 cMb-Cy5.5 immunoPET was able to detect intraprostatically implanted 22Rv1-PSCA cells. Importantly, fluorescence imaging clearly distinguished the prostate tumor from surrounding seminal vesicles. Conclusion: Dual-labeled A11 cMb specifically visualized PSCA-positive tumor by successive immunoPET/fluorescence, which can potentially be translated for preoperative whole-body prostate cancer detection and intraoperative surgical guidance in patients.
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34
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Zhang M, Kobayashi N, Zettlitz KA, Kono EA, Yamashiro JM, Tsai WTK, Jiang ZK, Tran CP, Wang C, Guan J, Wu AM, Reiter RE. Near-Infrared Dye-Labeled Anti-Prostate Stem Cell Antigen Minibody Enables Real-Time Fluorescence Imaging and Targeted Surgery in Translational Mouse Models. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:188-200. [PMID: 30301826 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The inability to intraoperatively distinguish primary tumor, as well as lymphatic spread, increases the probability of positive surgical margins, tumor recurrence, and surgical toxicity. The goal of this study was to develop a tumor-specific optical probe for real-time fluorescence-guided surgery. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A humanized antibody fragment against PSCA (A11 minibody, A11 Mb) was conjugated with a near-infrared fluorophore, IRDye800CW. The integrity and binding of the probe to PSCA were confirmed by gel electrophoresis, size-exclusion chromatography, and flow cytometry, respectively. The ability of the probe to detect tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes and metastatic lesions was evaluated in 2 xenograft models, as well as in transgenic mice expressing human PSCA (hPSCA). An invasive intramuscular model was utilized to evaluate the efficacy of the A11 Mb-IRDye800CW-guided surgery. RESULTS A11 Mb was successfully conjugated with IRDye800CW and retained specific binding to PSCA. In vivo imaging showed maximal signal-to-background ratios at 48 hours. The A11 Mb-IRDye800CW specifically detected PSCA-positive primary tumors, tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes, and distant metastases with high contrast. Fluorescence guidance facilitated more complete tumor resection, reduced tumor recurrence, and improved overall survival, compared with conventional white light surgery. The probe successfully identified primary orthotopic tumors and metastatic lesions in hPSCA transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS Real-time fluorescence image-guided surgery with A11 Mb-IRDye800CW enabled detection of lymph node metastases and positive surgical margins, facilitated more complete tumor removal, and improved survival, compared with white light surgery. These results may be translatable into clinical practice to improve surgical and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhang
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Naoko Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Evelyn A Kono
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joyce M Yamashiro
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wen-Ting K Tsai
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ziyue K Jiang
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chau P Tran
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chung Wang
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Johnny Guan
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert E Reiter
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Seo JW, Tavaré R, Mahakian LM, Silvestrini MT, Tam S, Ingham ES, Salazar FB, Borowsky AD, Wu AM, Ferrara KW. CD8 + T-Cell Density Imaging with 64Cu-Labeled Cys-Diabody Informs Immunotherapy Protocols. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4976-4987. [PMID: 29967252 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Noninvasive and quantitative tracking of CD8+ T cells by PET has emerged as a potential technique to gauge response to immunotherapy. We apply an anti-CD8 cys-diabody, labeled with 64Cu, to assess the sensitivity of PET imaging of normal and diseased tissue.Experimental Design: Radiolabeling of an anti-CD8 cys-diabody (169cDb) with 64Cu was developed. The accumulation of 64Cu-169cDb was evaluated with PET/CT imaging (0, 5, and 24 hours) and biodistribution (24 hours) in wild-type mouse strains (n = 8/group studied with imaging and IHC or flow cytometry) after intravenous administration. Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in tumor-bearing mice treated with CpG and αPD-1 were quantified and mapped (n = 6-8/group studied with imaging and IHC or flow cytometry).Results: We demonstrate the ability of immunoPET to detect small differences in CD8+ T-cell distribution between mouse strains and across lymphoid tissues, including the intestinal tract of normal mice. In FVB mice bearing a syngeneic HER2-driven model of mammary adenocarcinoma (NDL), 64Cu-169cDb PET imaging accurately visualized and quantified changes in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in response to immunotherapy. A reduction in the circulation time of the imaging probe followed the development of treatment-related liver and splenic hypertrophy and provided an indication of off-target effects associated with immunotherapy protocols.Conclusions: 64Cu-169cDb imaging can spatially map the distribution of CD8+ T cells in normal organs and tumors. ImmunoPET imaging of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells detected changes in T-cell density resulting from adjuvant and checkpoint immunotherapy protocols in our preclinical evaluation. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 4976-87. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Woong Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Richard Tavaré
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisa M Mahakian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Matthew T Silvestrini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Sarah Tam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Felix B Salazar
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
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Tsai WTK, Wu AM. Aligning physics and physiology: Engineering antibodies for radionuclide delivery. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:693-714. [PMID: 29537104 PMCID: PMC6105424 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The exquisite specificity of antibodies and antibody fragments renders them excellent agents for targeted delivery of radionuclides. Radiolabeled antibodies and fragments have been successfully used for molecular imaging and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of cell surface targets in oncology and immunology. Protein engineering has been used for antibody humanization essential for clinical applications, as well as optimization of important characteristics including pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and clearance. Although intact antibodies have high potential as imaging and therapeutic agents, challenges include long circulation time in blood, which leads to later imaging time points post-injection and higher blood absorbed dose that may be disadvantageous for RIT. Using engineered fragments may address these challenges, as size reduction and removal of Fc function decreases serum half-life. Radiolabeled fragments and pretargeting strategies can result in high contrast images within hours to days, and a reduction of RIT toxicity in normal tissues. Additionally, fragments can be engineered to direct hepatic or renal clearance, which may be chosen based on the application and disease setting. This review discusses aligning the physical properties of radionuclides (positron, gamma, beta, alpha, and Auger emitters) with antibodies and fragments and highlights recent advances of engineered antibodies and fragments in preclinical and clinical development for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting K Tsai
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Postow MA, Harding JJ, Hellmann MD, Gordon MS, Tsai F, O' Donoghue JA, Lewis JS, Wu AM, Le W, Korn RL, Weber W, Wolchok JD, Pandit-Taskar N. Imaging of tumor infiltrating T cells with an anti-CD8 minibody (Mb) 89Zr-IAB22M2C, in advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e24160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - James J. Harding
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Freise AC, Zettlitz KA, Salazar FB, Lu X, Tavaré R, Wu AM. ImmunoPET Imaging of Murine CD4 + T Cells Using Anti-CD4 Cys-Diabody: Effects of Protein Dose on T Cell Function and Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:599-609. [PMID: 27966069 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-1032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular imaging of CD4+ T cells throughout the body has implications for monitoring autoimmune disease and immunotherapy of cancer. Given the key role of these cells in regulating immunity, it is important to develop a biologically inert probe. GK1.5 cys-diabody (cDb), a previously developed anti-mouse CD4 antibody fragment, was tested at different doses to assess its effects on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and CD4+ T cell viability, proliferation, CD4 expression, and function. PROCEDURES The effect of protein dose on image contrast (lymphoid tissue-to-muscle ratio) was assessed by administering different amounts of 89Zr-labeled GK1.5 cDb to mice followed by PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution analysis. To assess impact of GK1.5 cDb on T cell biology, GK1.5 cDb was incubated with T cells in vitro or administered intravenously to C57BL/6 mice at multiple protein doses. CD4 expression and T cell proliferation were analyzed with flow cytometry and cytokines were assayed. RESULTS For immunoPET imaging, the lowest protein dose of 2 μg of 89Zr-labeled GK1.5 cDb resulted in significantly higher % injected dose/g in inguinal lymph nodes (ILN) and spleen compared to the 12-μg protein dose. In vivo administration of GK1.5 cDb at the high dose of 40 μg caused a transient decrease in CD4 expression in spleen, blood, lymph nodes, and thymus, which recovered within 3 days postinjection; this effect was reduced, although not abrogated, when 2 μg was administered. Proliferation was inhibited in vivo in ILN but not the spleen by injection of 40 μg GK1.5 cDb. Concentrations of GK1.5 cDb in excess of 25 nM significantly inhibited CD4+ T cell proliferation and interferon-γ production in vitro. Overall, using low-dose GK1.5 cDb minimized biological effects on CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose GK1.5 cDb yields high-contrast immunoPET images with minimal effects on T cell biology in vitro and in vivo and may be a useful tool for investigating CD4+ T cells in the context of preclinical disease models. Future approaches to minimizing biological effects may include the creation of monovalent fragments or selecting anti-CD4 antibodies which target alternative epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Freise
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI, PO Box 951770, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI, PO Box 951770, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Felix B Salazar
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI, PO Box 951770, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Clinical Translational Science Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard Tavaré
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI, PO Box 951770, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA. .,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10951, USA.
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, CNSI, PO Box 951770, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1770, USA.
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Zettlitz KA, Tsai WTK, Knowles SM, Kobayashi N, Donahue TR, Reiter RE, Wu AM. Dual-Modality Immuno-PET and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer Using an Anti-Prostate Stem Cell Antigen Cys-Diabody. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1398-1405. [PMID: 29602820 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.207332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate due to late diagnosis and the tendency to invade surrounding tissues and metastasize at an early stage. A molecular imaging agent that enables both presurgery antigen-specific PET (immuno-PET) and intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) guidance might benefit diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, staging, and surgical resection, which remains the only curative treatment. Methods: We developed a dual-labeled probe based on A2 cys-diabody (A2cDb) targeting the cell-surface prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), which is expressed in most pancreatic cancers. Maleimide-IRDye800CW was site-specifically conjugated to the C-terminal cys-tag (A2cDb-800) without impairing integrity or affinity (half-maximal binding, 4.3 nM). Direct radioiodination with 124I (124I-A2cDb-800) yielded a specific activity of 159 ± 48 MBq/mg with a radiochemical purity exceeding 99% and 65% ± 4.5% immunoreactivity (n = 3). In vivo specificity for PSCA-expressing tumor cells and biodistribution of the dual-modality tracer were evaluated in a prostate cancer xenograft model and compared with single-labeled 124I-A2cDb. Patient-derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenografts (PDX-PDACs) were grown subcutaneously in NSG mice and screened for PSCA expression by immuno-PET. Small-animal PET/CT scans of PDX-PDAC-bearing mice were obtained using the dual-modality 124I-A2cDb-800 followed by postmortem NIRF imaging with the skin removed. Tumors and organs were analyzed ex vivo to compare the relative fluorescent signals without obstruction by other organs. Results: Specific uptake in PSCA-positive tumors and low nonspecific background activity resulted in high-contrast immuno-PET images. Concurrent with the PET studies, fluorescent signal was observed in the PSCA-positive tumors of mice injected with the dual-tracer 124I-A2cDb-800, with low background uptake or autofluorescence in the surrounding tissue. Ex vivo biodistribution confirmed comparable tumor uptake of both 124I-A2cDb-800 and 124I-A2cDb. Conclusion: Dual-modality imaging using the anti-PSCA cys-diabody resulted in high-contrast immuno-PET/NIRF images of PDX-PDACs, suggesting that this imaging agent might offer both noninvasive whole-body imaging to localize PSCA-positive pancreatic cancer and fluorescence image-guided identification of tumor margins during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, California .,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wen-Ting K Tsai
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott M Knowles
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Naoko Kobayashi
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Urology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Timothy R Donahue
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert E Reiter
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Urology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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40
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Freise AC, Zettlitz KA, Salazar FB, Tavaré R, Tsai WTK, Chatziioannou AF, Rozengurt N, Braun J, Wu AM. Immuno-PET in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Imaging CD4-Positive T Cells in a Murine Model of Colitis. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:980-985. [PMID: 29326360 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in humans are characterized in part by aberrant CD4-positive (CD4+) T-cell responses. Currently, identification of foci of inflammation within the gut requires invasive procedures such as colonoscopy and biopsy. Molecular imaging with antibody fragment probes could be used to noninvasively monitor cell subsets causing intestinal inflammation. Here, GK1.5 cys-diabody (cDb), an antimouse CD4 antibody fragment derived from the GK1.5 hybridoma, was used as a PET probe for CD4+ T cells in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model of IBD. Methods: The DSS mouse model of IBD was validated by assessing changes in CD4+ T cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) using flow cytometry. Furthermore, CD4+ T cell infiltration in the colons of colitic mice was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. 89Zr-labeled GK1.5 cDb was used to image distribution of CD4+ T cells in the abdominal region and lymphoid organs of mice with DSS-induced colitis. Region-of-interest analysis was performed on specific regions of the gut to quantify probe uptake. Colons, ceca, and MLNs were removed and imaged ex vivo by PET. Imaging results were confirmed by ex vivo biodistribution analysis. Results: An increased number of CD4+ T cells in the colons of colitic mice was confirmed by anti-CD4 immunohistochemistry. Increased uptake of 89Zr-maleimide-deferoxamine (malDFO)-GK1.5 cDb in the distal colon of colitic mice was visible in vivo in PET scans, and region-of-interest analysis of the distal colon confirmed increased activity in DSS mice. MLNs from colitic mice were enlarged and visible in PET images. Ex vivo scans and biodistribution confirmed higher uptake in DSS-treated colons (DSS, 1.8 ± 0.40; control, 0.45 ± 0.12 percentage injected dose [%ID] per organ, respectively), ceca (DSS, 1.1 ± 0.38; control, 0.35 ± 0.09 %ID per organ), and MLNs (DSS, 1.1 ± 0.58; control, 0.37 ± 0.25 %ID per organ). Conclusion:89Zr-malDFO-GK1.5 cDb detected CD4+ T cells in the colons, ceca, and MLNs of colitic mice and may prove useful for further investigations of CD4+ T cells in preclinical models of IBD, with potential to guide development of antibody-based imaging in human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Freise
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Felix B Salazar
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Richard Tavaré
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Wen-Ting K Tsai
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Arion F Chatziioannou
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Nora Rozengurt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
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Priceman SJ, Gerdts EA, Tilakawardane D, Kennewick KT, Murad JP, Park AK, Jeang B, Yamaguchi Y, Yang X, Urak R, Weng L, Chang WC, Wright S, Pal S, Reiter RE, Wu AM, Brown CE, Forman SJ. Co-stimulatory signaling determines tumor antigen sensitivity and persistence of CAR T cells targeting PSCA+ metastatic prostate cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1380764. [PMID: 29308300 PMCID: PMC5749625 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1380764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered adoptive T cells for the treatment of solid cancers is a major focus in the field of immunotherapy, given impressive recent clinical responses in hematological malignancies. Prostate cancer may be amenable to T cell-based immunotherapy since several tumor antigens, including prostate stem-cell antigen (PSCA), are widely over-expressed in metastatic disease. While antigen selectivity of CARs for solid cancers is crucial, it is problematic due to the absence of truly restricted tumor antigen expression and potential safety concerns with “on-target off-tumor” activity. Here, we show that the intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain can determine a CAR's sensitivity for tumor antigen expression. A 4-1BB intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain in PSCA-CARs confers improved selectivity for higher tumor antigen density, reduced T cell exhaustion phenotype, and equivalent tumor killing ability compared to PSCA-CARs containing the CD28 co-stimulatory signaling domain. PSCA-CARs exhibit robust in vivo anti-tumor activity in patient-derived bone-metastatic prostate cancer xenograft models, and 4-1BB-containing CARs show superior T cell persistence and control of disease compared with CD28-containing CARs. Our study demonstrates the importance of co-stimulation in defining an optimal CAR T cell, and also highlights the significance of clinically relevant models in developing solid cancer CAR T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul J Priceman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratory, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ethan A Gerdts
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Dileshni Tilakawardane
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kelly T Kennewick
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John P Murad
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Anthony K Park
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Brook Jeang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yukiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Urak
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lihong Weng
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Chung Chang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Wright
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sumanta Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Reiter
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine E Brown
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratory, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratory, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Zettlitz KA, Tavaré R, Knowles SM, Steward KK, Timmerman JM, Wu AM. ImmunoPET of Malignant and Normal B Cells with 89Zr- and 124I-Labeled Obinutuzumab Antibody Fragments Reveals Differential CD20 Internalization In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7242-7252. [PMID: 28928164 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The B-cell antigen CD20 provides a target for antibody-based positron emission tomography (immunoPET). We engineered antibody fragments targeting human CD20 and studied their potential as immunoPET tracers in transgenic mice (huCD20TM) and in a murine lymphoma model expressing human CD20.Experimental Design: Anti-CD20 cys-diabody (cDb) and cys-minibody (cMb) based on rituximab and obinutuzumab (GA101) were radioiodinated and used for immunoPET imaging of a murine lymphoma model. Pairwise comparison of obinutuzumab-based antibody fragments labeled with residualizing (89Zr) versus non-residualizing (124I) radionuclides by region of interest analysis of serial PET images was conducted both in the murine lymphoma model and in huCD20TM to assess antigen modulation in vivoResults:124I-GAcDb and 124I-GAcMb produced high-contrast immunoPET images of B-cell lymphoma and outperformed the respective rituximab-based tracers. ImmunoPET imaging of huCD20TM showed specific uptake in lymphoid tissues. The use of the radiometal 89Zr as alternative label for GAcDb and GAcMb yielded greater target-specific uptake and retention compared with 124I-labeled tracers. Pairwise comparison of 89Zr- and 124I-labeled GAcDb and GAcMb allowed assessment of in vivo internalization of CD20/antibody complexes and revealed that CD20 internalization differs between malignant and endogenous B cells.Conclusions: These obinutuzumab-based PET tracers have the ability to noninvasively and quantitatively monitor CD20-expression and have revealed insights into CD20 internalization upon antibody binding in vivo Because they are based on a humanized mAb they have the potential for direct clinical translation and could improve patient selection for targeted therapy, dosimetry prior to radioimmunotherapy, and prediction of response to therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7242-52. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Richard Tavaré
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott M Knowles
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kristopher K Steward
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - John M Timmerman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Shields AF, Jacobs PM, Sznol M, Graham MM, Germain RN, Lum LG, Jaffee EM, de Vries EGE, Nimmagadda S, Van den Abbeele AD, Leung DK, Wu AM, Sharon E, Shankar LK. Immune Modulation Therapy and Imaging: Workshop Report. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:410-417. [PMID: 28818991 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.195610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A workshop at the National Cancer Institute on May 2, 2016, considered the current state of imaging in assessment of immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has shown some remarkable and prolonged responses in the treatment of tumors. However, responses are variable and frequently delayed, complicating the evaluation of new immunotherapy agents and customizing treatment for individual patients. Early anatomic imaging may show that a tumor has increased in size, but this could represent pseudoprogression. On the basis of imaging, clinicians must decide if they should stop, pause, or continue treatment. Other imaging technologies and approaches are being developed to improve the measurement of response in patients receiving immunotherapy. Imaging methods that are being evaluated include radiomic methods using CT, MRI, and 18F-FDG PET, as well as new radiolabeled small molecules, antibodies, and antibody fragments to image the tumor microenvironment, immune status, and changes over the course of therapy. Current studies of immunotherapy can take advantage of these available imaging options to explore and validate their use. Collection of CT, PET, and MR images along with outcomes from trials is critical to develop improved methods of assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Shields
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan .,National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Annick D Van den Abbeele
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elad Sharon
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Tsai WTK, Zettlitz KA, Tavaré R, Salazar FB, Reiter RE, Wu AM. Abstract 1856: Dual-modality immunoPET/fluorescence imaging of prostate cancer utilizing 89Zr- or 124I-Cy5.5-anti-PSCA cys-minibody. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prostate cancer patients can benefit from non-invasive and more accurate diagnosis, as well as improved visualization during surgery. ImmunoPET can provide information on location and extent of the disease, while fluorescent image-guided surgery can distinguish cancerous tissue during resection. Prostate Stem Cell Antigen (PSCA) is upregulated in the majority of prostate cancers and metastases and is therefore a promising target for imaging. Engineered antibody fragments, such as the minibody, exhibit ideal imaging characteristics due to fast blood clearance for high target-to-background images at short imaging times post-injection. A dual-labeled minibody can reveal the whole-body PSCA-expressing tumor burden by PET, followed by intraoperative visualization of margins by fluorescence.
The fully humanized anti-PSCA A11 minibody was engineered with a C-terminal cys-tag (A11 cMb) for site-specific labeling by thiol-directed chemistry. In order to radiolabel with 89Zr, a metal chelator desferrioxamine (DFO) was site-specifically conjugated to A11 cMb by maleimide chemistry, while direct iodination was used to label with 124I. Singly labeled 89Zr- and 124I-A11 cMb successfully imaged subcutaneous PSCA (+) and (-) 22Rv1 human prostate adenocarcinoma tumors in nude mice, resulting in positive-to-negative tumor ratios of 2.5:1 and 8:1, respectively. Both 89Zr-A11 cMb and 124I-A11 cMb cleared from blood by 22 hours. As expected for the residualizing radiometal, 89Zr-A11 cMb resulted in retention in the organs of clearance (liver and kidneys).
For dual-modality imaging, A11 cMb was site-specifically conjugated with Cy5.5-maleimide and radiolabeled with 124I. PET imaging with 124I-Cy5.5-A11 cMb in the subcutaneous 22Rv1 tumor model resulted in a positive-to-negative tumor ratio of 13:1. The PSCA (+) tumors were subsequently visualized by fluorescence in situ and ex vivo with high contrast in comparison to PSCA (-) tumors and tissues. In an orthotopic model, PSCA (+) 22Rv1 cells were implanted in the prostate, and therefore 89Zr was used in order reduce interfering signal from clearance to the bladder. A11 cMb was site-specifically conjugated with Cy5.5 and randomly labeled with SCN-DFO, then radiolabeled with 89Zr. 89Zr-Cy5.5-A11 cMb successfully imaged the prostate tumor, resulting in a 3:1 tumor-to-blood ratio. Fluorescence imaging clearly distinguished prostate tumor from adjacent tissues including seminal vesicles. In conclusion, a single injection of the dual-labeled A11 cMb can visualize tumor burden by immunoPET and fluorescence imaging. This humanized probe has the potential for clinical translation for primary and metastatic prostate cancer detection and surgical guidance that can ultimately enhance treatment success.
Citation Format: Wen-Ting K. Tsai, Kirstin A. Zettlitz, Richard Tavaré, Felix B. Salazar, Robert E. Reiter, Anna M. Wu. Dual-modality immunoPET/fluorescence imaging of prostate cancer utilizing 89Zr- or 124I-Cy5.5-anti-PSCA cys-minibody [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1856. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1856
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna M. Wu
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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45
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Wu AM. Abstract IA21: Profiling immune cell subsets and immune responses using immunoPET. Cancer Immunol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm16-ia21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The field of immuno-oncology is seeing striking successes, yet suffers from ongoing diagnostic challenges that are hampering progress in the development of novel and combination immunotherapies in patients. Non-invasive imaging using PET enables profiling tumor and immune system biology throughout the body. In vivo imaging provides a powerful and complementary approach to in vitro diagnostics, allowing profiling of biology in the context of an intact living organism. Given the challenges of tumor heterogeneity, as well as variability of immune responses, molecular imaging approaches are poised to provide essential information to enhance our understanding of immune responses and immunotherapy.
We have developed engineered antibody fragments to provide a versatile platform for non-invasive imaging of cells and tissues based on cell surface phenotype. Recombinant fragments such as minibodies and diabodies have been developed with accelerated clearance (enabling same-day or next-day imaging), limited or no biological activity (lacking complement/Fc receptor binding), and permitting site-specific conjugation. When labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides (such as I-124, Zr-89, Cu-64, F-18), minibodies and diabodies can be employed for high resolution, sensitive, quantitative imaging by immunoPET and provide highly specific molecular assessments of tumor biology and response to treatment. For example, an I-124 prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA)-specific minibody demonstrates sensitive imaging in mouse models of prostate cancer and provides a PET imaging readout of response to anti-androgens. Antibody-based targeting and imaging of CD markers (CD4 or CD8 on T lymphocytes; CD20 on B lymphocytes) broadens applications to assessment of immune cell subsets and monitoring responses to cancer immunotherapy. A Zr-89 anti-CD8 cys-diabody has been used to detect and image tumor infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes in tumor treatment models using anti-CD137 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies, and to detect adoptively-transferred OT-I T cells in mice. Applications extend beyond oncology, with recent visualization of CD4+ T lymphocytes in a mouse model of colitis.
Importantly, immunoPET using engineered antibody fragments can be readily translated, and can provide highly sensitive imaging of cell surface biomarkers in patients. ImmunoPET provides a broad approach for noninvasive, whole-body monitoring of key factors such as target expression in vivo, response to therapy, and immune responses, and stands to play an expanding role in the detection and management of cancer.
Citation Format: Anna M. Wu. Profiling immune cell subsets and immune responses using immunoPET. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Wu
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Mayle KM, Dern KR, Wong VK, Chen KY, Sung S, Ding K, Rodriguez AR, Knowles S, Taylor Z, Zhou ZH, Grundfest WS, Wu AM, Deming TJ, Kamei DT. Engineering A11 Minibody-Conjugated, Polypeptide-Based Gold Nanoshells for Prostate Stem Cell Antigen (PSCA)-Targeted Photothermal Therapy. SLAS Technol 2017; 22:26-35. [PMID: 27659802 PMCID: PMC6071911 DOI: 10.1177/2211068216669710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is no curative treatment for advanced metastatic prostate cancer, and options, such as chemotherapy, are often nonspecific, harming healthy cells and resulting in severe side effects. Attaching targeting ligands to agents used in anticancer therapies has been shown to improve efficacy and reduce nonspecific toxicity. Furthermore, the use of triggered therapies can enable spatial and temporal control over the treatment. Here, we combined an engineered prostate cancer-specific targeting ligand, the A11 minibody, with a novel photothermal therapy agent, polypeptide-based gold nanoshells, which generate heat in response to near-infrared light. We show that the A11 minibody strongly binds to the prostate stem cell antigen that is overexpressed on the surface of metastatic prostate cancer cells. Compared to nonconjugated gold nanoshells, our A11 minibody-conjugated gold nanoshell exhibited significant laser-induced, localized killing of prostate cancer cells in vitro. In addition, we improved upon a comprehensive heat transfer mathematical model that was previously developed by our laboratory. By relaxing some of the assumptions of our earlier model, we were able to generate more accurate predictions for this particular study. Our experimental and theoretical results demonstrate the potential of our novel minibody-conjugated gold nanoshells for metastatic prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M. Mayle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Dern
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vincent K. Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Y. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shijun Sung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - April R. Rodriguez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott Knowles
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology,
University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Zachary Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Z. Hong Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular
Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Warren S. Grundfest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna M. Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology,
University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Timothy J. Deming
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel T. Kamei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
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Park SM, Lee JY, Hong S, Lee SH, Dimov IK, Lee H, Suh S, Pan Q, Li K, Wu AM, Mumenthaler SM, Mallick P, Lee LP. Dual transcript and protein quantification in a massive single cell array. Lab Chip 2016; 16:3682-8. [PMID: 27546183 PMCID: PMC5221609 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00762g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, single-cell molecular analysis has been leveraged to achieve unprecedented levels of biological investigation. However, a lack of simple, high-throughput single-cell methods has hindered in-depth population-wide studies with single-cell resolution. We report a microwell-based cytometric method for simultaneous measurements of gene and protein expression dynamics in thousands of single cells. We quantified the regulatory effects of transcriptional and translational inhibitors on cMET mRNA and cMET protein in cell populations. We studied the dynamic responses of individual cells to drug treatments, by measuring cMET overexpression levels in individual non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with induced drug resistance. Across NSCLC cell lines with a given protein expression, distinct patterns of transcript-protein correlation emerged. We believe this platform is applicable for interrogating the dynamics of gene expression, protein expression, and translational kinetics at the single-cell level - a paradigm shift in life science and medicine toward discovering vital cell regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
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Pandit-Taskar N, O'Donoghue JA, Ruan S, Lyashchenko SK, Carrasquillo JA, Heller G, Martinez DF, Cheal SM, Lewis JS, Fleisher M, Keppler JS, Reiter RE, Wu AM, Weber WA, Scher HI, Larson SM, Morris MJ. First-in-Human Imaging with 89Zr-Df-IAB2M Anti-PSMA Minibody in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, Dosimetry, and Lesion Uptake. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1858-1864. [PMID: 27516450 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.176206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a phase I dose-escalation study with 89Zr-desferrioxamine-IAB2M (89Zr-IAB2M), an anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen minibody, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. METHODS Patients received 185 MBq (5 mCi) of 89Zr-IAB2M and Df-IAB2M at total mass doses of 10 (n = 6), 20 (n = 6), and 50 mg (n = 6). Whole-body and serum clearance, normal-organ and lesion uptake, and radiation absorbed dose were estimated, and the effect of mass escalation was analyzed. RESULTS Eighteen patients were injected and scanned without side effects. Whole-body clearance was monoexponential, with a median biologic half-life of 215 h, whereas serum clearance showed biexponential kinetics, with a median biologic half-life of 3.7 (12.3%/L) and 33.8 h (17.9%/L). The radiation absorbed dose estimates were 1.67, 1.36, and 0.32 mGy/MBq to liver, kidney, and marrow, respectively, with an effective dose of 0.41 mSv/MBq (1.5 rem/mCi). Both skeletal and nodal lesions were detected with 89Zr-IAB2M, most visualized by 48-h imaging. CONCLUSION 89Zr-IAB2M is safe and demonstrates favorable biodistribution and kinetics for targeting metastatic prostate cancer. Imaging with 10 mg of minibody mass provides optimal biodistribution, and imaging at 48 h after injection provides good lesion visualization. Assessment of lesion targeting is being studied in detail in an expansion cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Shutian Ruan
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Serge K Lyashchenko
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jorge A Carrasquillo
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Glenn Heller
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Danny F Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sarah M Cheal
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Martin Fleisher
- Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Anna M Wu
- ImaginAb, Inc., Inglewood, California; and
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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49
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Morris MJ, Martinez DF, Durack JC, Slovin SF, Danila DC, O' Donoghue JA, Parada NA, Lyashchenko SK, Carrasquillo JA, Ruan S, Lewis JS, Keppler J, Wu AM, Reuter VE, Weber W, Scher HI, Larson SM, Pandit-Taskar N. A phase I/IIa trial of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 89Zr-Df-IAB2M in metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
287 Background: There is a pressing need for improved imaging biomarkers to identify disease distribution and response in both localized and advanced prostate cancer patients. PSMA-directed imaging is undergoing analytic and clinical validation for these contexts of use. IAB2M is an anti-PSMA recombinant minibody (Mb) derived from huJ591. We have previously reported on 28 pts imaged with IAB2M(Pandit-Taskar et al, SNM 2015). Here we report the lesion targeting and uptake (SUV) of the Mb and correlation with pathology of biopsied lesions on the full complement of the 38 pts examined in this trial. Methods: 38 pts with progressive metastatic PCa received escalating amounts of the Mb (16 pts at 10mg, 16 pts at 20mg, 6 pts at 50mg) in a phase I/IIa trial. All pts underwent standard imaging (SI) using CT, bone scintigraphy (BS), FDG PET, followed by imaging with 5 mCi of IAB2M. Whole body PET/CT scans were performed and evaluated for lesion targeting and SUVmax. Biopsy (bx) locations were selected by a consensus panel prioritized on the basis of: IAB2M & FDG positivity, IAB2M & FDG mismatch, and CT or BS positivity & any PET mismatch. Results: A total of 556 lesions (410 bone, 146 soft tissue) in 38 pts were detected by SI or IAB2M. In bone, IAB2M detected 344 lesions (83.9%), CT 209 (51%), BS 211 (51.5%), and FDG 109 (26.6%). For soft tissue, IAB2M detected 119 (81.5%), CT 83 (56.8%), and FDG 79 (54.1%). The SUV for bone lesions ranged from 2.1-60.4 for 10mg Mb, 1.7- 33 in 20mg Mb, and 2.3-17.5 in 50mg Mb. For soft tissue lesions, SUV range was 3.1-45.4, 2.1-20, and 1.9-13.8 respectively. 28 bxs (13 bone, 15 soft tissue) were obtained from 27 pts; 27 bxs were evaluable (1 was non-diagnostic). 20/27 (74.1%) bxs were pos for PCa; 20/24 (83.3%) IAB2M pos lesions were path pos and 3/3 (100%) IAB2M neg lesions were neg on path. All imaging and path correlated (true pos + true neg) in 23/27 (85.2%) bxs. Conclusions: PET imaging with IAB2M has demonstrated higher lesion detection when compared with SI. IAB2M’s high concordance with path suggests pos findings represent bx confirmed PCa. Further studies to examine biochemically recurrent prostate cancer are planned. Clinical trial information: NCT01923727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Morris
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | - Jeremy C. Durack
- Interventional Radiology and Image Guided Therapies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Daniel Costin Danila
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Shutian Ruan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Howard I. Scher
- Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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50
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Tavaré R, Escuin-Ordinas H, Mok S, McCracken MN, Zettlitz KA, Salazar FB, Witte ON, Ribas A, Wu AM. An Effective Immuno-PET Imaging Method to Monitor CD8-Dependent Responses to Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2015; 76:73-82. [PMID: 26573799 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy is currently limited by the scarcity of noninvasive and quantitative technologies capable of monitoring the presence and abundance of CD8(+) T cells and other immune cell subsets. In this study, we describe the generation of (89)Zr-desferrioxamine-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody ((89)Zr-malDFO-169 cDb) for noninvasive immuno-PET tracking of endogenous CD8(+) T cells. We demonstrate that anti-CD8 immuno-PET is a sensitive tool for detecting changes in systemic and tumor-infiltrating CD8 expression in preclinical syngeneic tumor immunotherapy models including antigen-specific adoptive T-cell transfer, agonistic antibody therapy (anti-CD137/4-1BB), and checkpoint blockade antibody therapy (anti-PD-L1). The ability of anti-CD8 immuno-PET to provide whole body information regarding therapy-induced alterations of this dynamic T-cell population provides new opportunities to evaluate antitumor immune responses of immunotherapies currently being evaluated in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Tavaré
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Helena Escuin-Ordinas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephen Mok
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Melissa N McCracken
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kirstin A Zettlitz
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Felix B Salazar
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Owen N Witte
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Institute for Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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