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Sanahuja G, Lopez P, Chase AR. First Report of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae Causing Bacterial Leaf Stripe of Canna sp. in the Southeastern United States. Plant Dis 2018; 102:PDIS11171842PDN. [PMID: 30064339 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-17-1842-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Sanahuja
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, 33031
| | - P Lopez
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, 33031
| | - A R Chase
- Chase Agricultural Consulting LLC, Cottonwood, AZ 86326
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Chase AR, Laudermilch E, Wang J, Shigematsu H, Yokoyama T, Schlieker C. Dynamic functional assembly of the Torsin AAA+ ATPase and its modulation by LAP1. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2765-2772. [PMID: 28814508 PMCID: PMC5638581 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-05-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Torsins are essential AAA+ proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope (NE). We now show that Torsin homo-oligomers are essential for Torsin function at the NE and that Torsin’s oligomeric state is negatively modulated by its cofactors, representing a novel regulation mechanism for AAA+ proteins. TorsinA is an essential AAA+ ATPase requiring LAP1 or LULL1 as cofactors. The dynamics of the Torsin/cofactor system remain poorly understood, with previous models invoking Torsin/cofactor assemblies with fixed stoichiometries. Here we demonstrate that TorsinA assembles into homotypic oligomers in the presence of ATP. Torsin variants mutated at the “back” interface disrupt homo-oligomerization but still show robust ATPase activity in the presence of its cofactors. These Torsin mutants are severely compromised in their ability to rescue nuclear envelope defects in Torsin-deficient cells, suggesting that TorsinA homo-oligomers play a key role in vivo. Engagement of the oligomer by LAP1 triggers ATP hydrolysis and rapid complex disassembly. Thus the Torsin complex is a highly dynamic assembly whose oligomeric state is tightly controlled by distinctively localized cellular cofactors. Our discovery that LAP1 serves as a modulator of the oligomeric state of an AAA+ protein establishes a novel means of regulating this important class of oligomeric ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Chase
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Jimin Wang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Hideki Shigematsu
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Christian Schlieker
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 .,Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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Abstract
Torsins are essential, disease-relevant AAA+ (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) proteins residing in the endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear space, where they are implicated in a variety of cellular functions. Recently, new structural and functional details about Torsins have emerged that will have a profound influence on unraveling the precise mechanistic details of their yet-unknown mode of action in the cell. While Torsins are phylogenetically related to Clp/HSP100 proteins, they exhibit comparatively weak ATPase activities, which are tightly controlled by virtue of an active site complementation through accessory cofactors. This control mechanism is offset by a TorsinA mutation implicated in the severe movement disorder DYT1 dystonia, suggesting a critical role for the functional Torsin-cofactor interplay in vivo. Notably, TorsinA lacks aromatic pore loops that are both conserved and critical for the processive unfolding activity of Clp/HSP100 proteins. Based on these distinctive yet defining features, we discuss how the apparent dynamic nature of the Torsin-cofactor system can inform emerging models and hypotheses for Torsin complex formation and function. Specifically, we propose that the dynamic assembly and disassembly of the Torsin/cofactor system is a critical property that is required for Torsins' functional roles in nuclear trafficking and nuclear pore complex assembly or homeostasis that merit further exploration. Insights obtained from these future studies will be a valuable addition to our understanding of disease etiology of DYT1 dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Chase
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christian Schlieker
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA
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Lai CL, Srivastava A, Pilling C, Chase AR, Falke JJ, Voth GA. Molecular mechanism of membrane binding of the GRP1 PH domain. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:3073-90. [PMID: 23747485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of the general receptor of phosphoinositides 1 (GRP1) protein selectively binds to a rare signaling phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), in the membrane. The specific PIP3 lipid docking of GRP1 PH domain is essential to protein cellular function and is believed to occur in a stepwise process, electrostatic-driven membrane association followed by the specific PIP3 binding. By a combination of all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, coarse-grained analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) membrane docking geometry, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) kinetic studies, we have investigated the search and bind process in the GRP1 PH domain at the molecular scale. We simulated the two membrane binding states of the GRP1 PH domain in the PIP3 search process, before and after the GRP1 PH domain docks with the PIP3 lipid. Our results suggest that the background anionic phosphatidylserine lipids, which constitute around one-fifth of the membrane by composition, play a critical role in the initial stages of recruiting protein to the membrane surface through non-specific electrostatic interactions. Our data also reveal a previously unseen transient membrane association mechanism that is proposed to enable a two-dimensional "hopping" search of the membrane surface for the rare PIP3 target lipid. We further modeled the PIP3-bound membrane-protein system using the EPR membrane docking structure for the MD simulations, quantitatively validating the EPR membrane docking structure and augmenting our understanding of the binding interface with atomic-level detail. Several observations and hypotheses reached from our MD simulations are also supported by experimental kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biophysical Dynamics, James Franck Institute, and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Chase AR, Sohal M, Howard J, Laher R, McCarthy A, Layton DM, Oteng-Ntim E. Pregnancy outcomes in sickle cell disease: a retrospective cohort study from two tertiary centres in the UK. Obstet Med 2010; 3:110-2. [PMID: 27579072 DOI: 10.1258/om.2010.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this retrospective cohort study from two tertiary centres in the UK was to describe the pregnancy outcomes of women with sickle cell disease (SCD) who booked at these centres between 2004 and 2008, and to compare this with historical data. The study population comprised 122 singleton pregnancies in women with SCD: homozygous sickle cell disease 64, sickle cell haemoglobin C disease 45, sickle b plus thalassaemia 11, sickle cell haemoglobin E disease 1 and sickle cell delta disease 1 from 2004 to 2008 managed in the joint haematology/obstetric antenatal clinics in two tertiary teaching hospitals. The main outcome measures were the frequency of sickle cell crises and obstetric complications. Age and gestation at booking were 18-43 years (mean 29.7) and 9-36 weeks gestation (mean 17.3), respectively. Complications of SCD occurred in 25% of pregnancies. Fifty-four percent of women had induction of labour and 39% were delivered by emergency caesarean section. Thirty-three percent had a postpartum haemorrhage. Nineteen percent of women delivered before 37 completed weeks. Birth weight below 2500 g occurred in 20% of singleton pregnancies. Three neonates developed transient complications related to maternal opiate exposure postnatally. Three intrauterine deaths occurred at 24, 29 and 34 weeks. Two of these had congenital defects, and the other severe intrauterine growth restriction. No maternal deaths occurred. Successful pregnancy outcomes can be achieved in SCD. There has been an improvement in fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality compared with historical data. Pregnancy in women with SCD remains high risk. Early access to antenatal care and to expertise in SCD is essential. A matched control population from the same time period and prospective data collection is needed to address confounders such as ethnicity and deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Chase
- Women's Health Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Sohal
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
| | - J Howard
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (GSTFT)
| | - R Laher
- King's College London School of Medicine
| | - A McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital (QCCH) , London , UK
| | - D M Layton
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
| | - E Oteng-Ntim
- Women's Health Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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Chase AR, Howard J, Oteng-Ntim E. Ovarian sickling as a proposed mechanism for premature ovarian failure necessitating ovum donation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 15:70-1. [DOI: 10.1258/mi.2009.009015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload in female patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) has been reported to result in gonadal dysfunction. To date there has been no report in the literature of ovarian sickling being a reason for gonadodysgenesis (premature ovarian failure [POF]) in women. This case report describes POF in a woman with SCD and suggests ovarian sickling as its cause. We propose that frequent episodes of intravascular sickling, vessel occlusion and infarction as well as tissue hypoxia associated with chronic anaemia could account for the ovarian dysgenesis and hence POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Chase
- Department of Women's Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Howard
- Department of Women's Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E Oteng-Ntim
- Department of Women's Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Li Y, Chase AR, Slivka PF, Baggett CT, Zhao TX, Yin H. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of biotinylated opioid derivatives as novel probes to study opioid pharmacology. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 19:2585-9. [PMID: 19090701 DOI: 10.1021/bc8003815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A generally applicable strategy of chemically labeling (-)-morphine (1) is described. The synthesis starts from commercially available starting materials and can be completed in two steps with an overall yield of 23%. In silico simulation and NMR results show that the binding of (-)-morphine to one of its molecular targets, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), was not affected by the modification. Secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter assay results demonstrate that C(3) biotinylated and unmodified (-)-morphine show similar biological activities in live cells. To our knowledge, these studies provide the first practical and concise method to label various opioid derivatives, a group of important therapeutics in pain management, for biochemical/pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 215 UCB, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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Birns J, Badawi RA, Chase AR, Watson T. Acanthosis nigricans associated with acute myeloid leukaemia. Eur J Intern Med 2004; 15:473. [PMID: 15581756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2004.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2003] [Revised: 05/17/2004] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Birns
- Department of Medicine, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS United Kingdom
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Chase AR, Hill W. Reliable operant apparatus for fish: audio stimulus generator, response button, and pellet-dispensing nipple. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 1999; 31:470-8. [PMID: 10502871 DOI: 10.3758/bf03200728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As part of ongoing research into the ability of koi to categorize complex auditory stimuli, we have had to develop novel apparatus. The stimulus generator presents sound from two CD drives under computer control through a new underwater speaker. The operant manipulandum is a horizontal button that eliminates spurious triggering by water turbulence and problematic response topographies. The button's design has also been adapted for use by tilapia in an aquacultural food-preference study. The feeder uses a nipple to dispense food pellets reliably under water. In this paper, the apparatus is described in detail. Also discussed are methodological issues related to its design, as well as its usage in a pilot study in which koi learned to discriminate music from silence by using a single manipulandum with food reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Chase
- Rowland Institute for Science, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Norman DJ, Chase AR, Stall RE, Jones JB. Heterogeneity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. hederae Strains from Araliaceous Hosts. Phytopathology 1999; 89:646-652. [PMID: 18944676 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.1999.89.8.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Xanthomonas campestris pv. hederae (synonym X. hortorum pv. hederae) strains (59 total) were collected from plants in the araliaceae family. Strains were isolated from Hedera helix, Schefflera arboricola, Brassaia actinophylla, and Polyscias spp. from Florida, California, Hawaii, and New Zealand. All strains produced yellow mucoid growth; hydrolyzed esculin, starch, casein and gelatin; were pectolytic; produced urease; and grew on minimal media containing asparagine. All bacterial strains were pathogenic on H. helix (English ivy), B. actinophylla (dwarf schefflera), and Polyscias fruticosa (ming aralia). No differences in symptomatology were detected among strains; however, severity of symptoms usually was greatest on the host of origin. In planta growth rates of representative strains isolated from H. helix, B. actinophylla, and Polyscias spp. also were compared among these three hosts. In all cases, populations grew more rapidly when strains were inoculated to their original host species. All 59 bacterial strains were compared by 95-carbon source GN microplate, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), and restriction fragment-length polymorphisms (RFLP), with the pulse-field gel electrophoresis method, analyses. All three analyses grouped strains into two distinct groups that correlated with the host of origin. Using metabolic profiles, 75% of the H. helix strains were separated from strains isolated from Brassaia and Schefflera and 95% of the Polyscias strains. FAME analysis separated strains into two distinct groups, with 96% of the H. helix strains placed in one group. RFLP analysis placed all of the H. helix and Schefflera strains in one group, as well as 33% of the Brassaia strains, whereas the other group contained all of the Polyscias strains and the remainder of the Brassaia strains. It is apparent that the pathovar hederae is made up of heterogeneous populations that can be separated by biochemical, pathological, genetic, and physiological analyses into two groups that are closely associated with the host of origin.
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Volicer L, West CD, Chase AR, Greene L. beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells: effect of age and of dietary restriction. Mech Ageing Dev 1983; 21:283-93. [PMID: 6310278 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(83)90047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of age and of dietary restriction on vascular beta-receptor sensitivity was investigated using cultured smooth muscle cells from rat aortas. The growth rate was slower in cells obtained from 36-month-old rats than in cells obtained from 24-month-old rats and the cells from older animals achieved lower densities. The dietary restriction did not affect growth of cells from 24-month-old rats but increased cell numbers in 36-month-old rats. The elevation of the cyclic AMP level in response to epinephrine was decreased with age. Cells from dietary restricted animals responded more to epinephrine than cells from animals of the same age fed ad libitum.
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Chase AR, Kelley PR, Taunton-Rigby A, Jones RT, Harwood T. Quantitation of cannabinoids in biological fluids by radioimmunoassay. NIDA Res Monogr 1976:1-9. [PMID: 987538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A tritium based radioimmunoassay for delta9THC and its metabolites has been developed for the use of investigators studying the epidemiological, medical, clinical, and research aspects of cannabis use. The assay is sufficiently sensitive to detect cannabinoids in the urine of marijuana smokers for several days after their last exposure to the drug. The results obtained from a 28 day study indicate that the assay reflects the administration and removal of oral doses of THC. The specificity of the antisera, as determined in cross reactivity studies, allows not only the assay of metabolites in biological samples without interference from other drugs, but also the evaluation of extracts of other kinds of samples which may contain unmetabolized delta9THC. The technique of radioimmunoassay has many advantages over other methods of analysis. It is simple to perform and can be readily applied to the rapid analysis of large numbers of samples. It can be used in the direct analysis of physiological fluids and other biological samples which ordinarily have to be processed before other techniques can be applied. The method is non-destructive abd obviates the need to use radiolabelled drugs in man during metabolic and other studies. This radioimmunoassay has been designed with particular emphasis on ease of use by other investigators. We anticipate that it will prove useful to investigators and scientists for determining the absence, or presence and amount, of THC metabolite in a biological specimen, for epidemiologists in determining the full extent of cannabis use and to the medical/clinical community for establishing the minimum effective dose of delta9THC for each patient. The widespread application of a single method of analysis should also remove a great deal of the controversy surrounding marijuana studies performed to date.
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