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Vona D, Flemma A, Piccapane F, Cotugno P, Cicco SR, Armenise V, Vicente-Garcia C, Giangregorio MM, Procino G, Ragni R. Drug Delivery through Epidermal Tissue Cells by Functionalized Biosilica from Diatom Microalgae. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:438. [PMID: 37623719 PMCID: PMC10456091 DOI: 10.3390/md21080438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatom microalgae are a natural source of fossil biosilica shells, namely the diatomaceous earth (DE), abundantly available at low cost. High surface area, mesoporosity and biocompatibility, as well as the availability of a variety of approaches for surface chemical modification, make DE highly profitable as a nanostructured material for drug delivery applications. Despite this, the studies reported so far in the literature are generally limited to the development of biohybrid systems for drug delivery by oral or parenteral administration. Here we demonstrate the suitability of diatomaceous earth properly functionalized on the surface with n-octyl chains as an efficient system for local drug delivery to skin tissues. Naproxen was selected as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory model drug for experiments performed both in vitro by immersion of the drug-loaded DE in an artificial sweat solution and, for the first time, by trans-epidermal drug permeation through a 3D-organotypic tissue that better mimics the in vivo permeation mechanism of drugs in human skin tissues. Octyl chains were demonstrated to both favour the DE adhesion onto porcine skin tissues and to control the gradual release and the trans-epidermal permeation of Naproxen within 24 h of the beginning of experiments. The evidence of the viability of human epithelial cells after permeation of the drug released from diatomaceous earth, also confirmed the biocompatibility with human skin of both Naproxen and mesoporous biosilica from diatom microalgae, disclosing promising applications of these drug-delivery systems for therapies of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Vona
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy; (D.V.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (V.A.); (C.V.-G.)
| | - Annarita Flemma
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy; (D.V.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (V.A.); (C.V.-G.)
| | - Francesca Piccapane
- Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Pietro Cotugno
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy; (D.V.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (V.A.); (C.V.-G.)
| | - Stefania Roberta Cicco
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Chemistry Department, Via Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vincenza Armenise
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy; (D.V.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (V.A.); (C.V.-G.)
| | - Cesar Vicente-Garcia
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy; (D.V.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (V.A.); (C.V.-G.)
| | - Maria Michela Giangregorio
- Institute of Nanotechnology (Nanotec), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Chemistry Department, Via Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Procino
- Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Roberta Ragni
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy; (D.V.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (V.A.); (C.V.-G.)
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Vona D, Cicco SR, Labarile R, Flemma A, Garcia CV, Giangregorio MM, Cotugno P, Ragni R. Boronic acid moieties stabilize adhesion of microalgal biofilms on glassy substrates: a chemical tool for environmental applications. Chembiochem 2023:e202300284. [PMID: 37195898 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms such as diatoms microalgae provide innovative routes to eco-friendly technologies for environmental pollution bioremediation. Living diatoms are capable to incorporate in vivo a wide variety of chemical species dispersed in seawater, thus being promising candidates for eco-friendly removal of toxic contaminants. However, their exploitation requires immobilization methods that allow to confine microalgae during water treatment. Here we demonstrate that a biofilm of Phaeodactylum tricornutum diatom cells grown on the surface of a glassy substrate bearing boronic acid protruding moieties is stably anchored to the substrate resisting to mechanical stress and it is suitable for removal of up to 80% metal ions (As, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sn, Pb, Sb) in a model polluted seawater sample. Control experiments also suggest that stabilization of the biofilm adhesion occurs by interaction of boronic acid surface groups of the substrate with the hydroxyl groups of diatoms extracellular polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Vona
- Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Chemistry Department, ITALY
| | - Stefania Roberta Cicco
- ICCOM CNR: Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Chemistry Department, via Orabona 4, I-70126, Bari, ITALY
| | - Rossella Labarile
- IPCF-CNR UOS di Bari: Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Unita Organizzativa di Supporto di Bari, Chemistry Department, via Orabona 4, I-70126, Bari, ITALY
| | - Annarita Flemma
- Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Chemistry Department, ITALY
| | | | - Maria Michela Giangregorio
- CNR NANOTEC Bari: Istituto di Nanotecnologia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Sede di Bari, Chemistry Department, via Orabona 4, I-70126, Bari, ITALY
| | - Pietro Cotugno
- Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Chemistry Department, via Orabona 4, I-70126, Bari, ITALY
| | - Roberta Ragni
- Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Chemistry Department, via Orabona 4, I 70126, Bari, ITALY
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