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Noble A, Durant L, Hoyles L, Mccartney AL, Man R, Segal J, Costello SP, Hendy P, Reddi D, Bouri S, Lim DNF, Pring T, O’Connor MJ, Datt P, Wilson A, Arebi N, Akbar A, Hart AL, Carding SR, Knight SC. Deficient Resident Memory T Cell and CD8 T Cell Response to Commensals in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:525-537. [PMID: 31665283 PMCID: PMC7242004 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The intestinal microbiota is closely associated with resident memory lymphocytes in mucosal tissue. We sought to understand how acquired cellular and humoral immunity to the microbiota differ in health versus inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. METHODS Resident memory T cells [Trm] in colonic biopsies and local antibody responses to intraepithelial microbes were analysed. Systemic antigen-specific immune T and B cell memory to a panel of commensal microbes was assessed. RESULTS Systemically, healthy blood showed CD4 and occasional CD8 memory T cell responses to selected intestinal bacteria, but few memory B cell responses. In IBD, CD8 memory T cell responses decreased although B cell responses and circulating plasmablasts increased. Possibly secondary to loss of systemic CD8 T cell responses in IBD, dramatically reduced numbers of mucosal CD8+ Trm and γδ T cells were observed. IgA responses to intraepithelial bacteria were increased. Colonic Trm expressed CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases, characteristic of regulatory T cells. Cytokines/factors required for Trm differentiation were identified, and in vitro-generated Trm expressed regulatory T cell function via CD39. Cognate interaction between T cells and dendritic cells induced T-bet expression in dendritic cells, a key mechanism in regulating cell-mediated mucosal responses. CONCLUSIONS A previously unrecognised imbalance exists between cellular and humoral immunity to the microbiota in IBD, with loss of mucosal T cell-mediated barrier immunity and uncontrolled antibody responses. Regulatory function of Trm may explain their association with intestinal health. Promoting Trm and their interaction with dendritic cells, rather than immunosuppression, may reinforce tissue immunity, improve barrier function, and prevent B cell dysfunction in microbiota-associated disease and IBD aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Noble
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK,Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark’s Campus, Harrow, London, UK,Corresponding author: Alistair Noble, PhD, Antigen Presentation Research Group, Northwick Park and St Mark’s Hospital, Level 7W, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK. Tel.: [44] 20 8869 3255;
| | - Lydia Durant
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark’s Campus, Harrow, London, UK
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK,Department of Bioscience, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anne L Mccartney
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Ripple Man
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Jonathan Segal
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK,St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Samuel P Costello
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK,Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Philip Hendy
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark’s Campus, Harrow, London, UK,St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Durga Reddi
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark’s Campus, Harrow, London, UK
| | - Sonia Bouri
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Dennis N F Lim
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Toby Pring
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Matthew J O’Connor
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark’s Campus, Harrow, London, UK
| | - Pooja Datt
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Ana Wilson
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Naila Arebi
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Ayesha Akbar
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Ailsa L Hart
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK,St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Simon R Carding
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Stella C Knight
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark’s Campus, Harrow, London, UK,St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
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