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San Román A, Abilleira E, Irizar A, Santa-Marina L, Gonzalez-Gaya B, Etxebarria N. Optimization for the analysis of 42 per- and polyfluorinated substances in human plasma: A high-throughput method for epidemiological studies. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464481. [PMID: 37948771 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing awareness about the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in many environmental and biological compartments, including human biofluids and tissues. However, the increase of PFAS replacements, including alternatives with shorter chain or less bioaccumulative potential, has broaden the exposure and the need for wider identification procedures. Moreover, the low volumes available for human blood or plasma, and the high number of samples needed to assess adequately epidemiologic studies, require particularly fast, reproducible and, if possible, miniaturized protocols. Therefore, accurate and robust analytical methods are still needed to quantify the PFAS's burden in humans and to understand potential health risks. In this study, we have developed and validated the analysis of 42 PFAS in human plasma by means of a Captiva 96-well micro extraction plate and a LC-q-Orbitrap. For the optimization of the analytical workflow, three extraction/clean-up methods were tested, and the selected one was validated using spiked artificial and bovine plasma at four concentration levels. The final method showed high absolute recoveries for the 42 PFAS, ranging from 52% to 130%, instrumental detection limits between 0.001-0.6 ng mL-1, overall good precision (CV < 20% for most of the PFAS) and a low uncertainty (< 30% of relative expanded deviation, k = 2). The method was further validated both with the NIST plasma Standard Reference Material 1950, showing that the accuracy of the provided results was between 63%-101%, and by the proficiency test arranged by the Arctic Monitoring Assessment Program (AMAP, 2022) obtaining satisfactory results within 95% confidence interval of the assigned value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne San Román
- Institute of Health Research Biodonostia, Paseo Dr. Begiristain, s/n, 20014 Donostia Gipuzkoa, Basque Country; Plentzia Marine Station (PiE), University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Hiribidea, 47, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia, Basque Country; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Public Health from the Basque Government, Avenida Navarra, 4, 20013 Donostia Gipuzkoa, Basque Country.
| | - Eunate Abilleira
- Institute of Health Research Biodonostia, Paseo Dr. Begiristain, s/n, 20014 Donostia Gipuzkoa, Basque Country; Department of Public Health from the Basque Government, Avenida Navarra, 4, 20013 Donostia Gipuzkoa, Basque Country
| | - Amaia Irizar
- Institute of Health Research Biodonostia, Paseo Dr. Begiristain, s/n, 20014 Donostia Gipuzkoa, Basque Country
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Institute of Health Research Biodonostia, Paseo Dr. Begiristain, s/n, 20014 Donostia Gipuzkoa, Basque Country; Department of Public Health from the Basque Government, Avenida Navarra, 4, 20013 Donostia Gipuzkoa, Basque Country
| | - Belen Gonzalez-Gaya
- Plentzia Marine Station (PiE), University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Hiribidea, 47, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia, Basque Country; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Plentzia Marine Station (PiE), University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Hiribidea, 47, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia, Basque Country; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
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Irizar A, Molinuevo A, Andiarena A, Jimeno-Romero A, San Román A, Broberg K, Llop S, Soler-Blasco R, Murcia M, Ballester F, Lertxundi A. Prenatal manganese serum levels and neurodevelopment at 4 years of age. Environ Res 2021; 197:111172. [PMID: 33857462 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excess of manganese (Mn) causes severe deleterious effects in the central nervous system, and the developing brain is especially sensitive to Mn overload. However, results of prospective studies regarding Mn neurodevelopmental effects remain inconclusive. The present study aims at studying the association of prenatal Mn exposure and neurodevelopment at 4-5 years of age. METHODS Mn serum concentration was measured in 1465 pregnant women from the INMA (INfancia y MedioAmbiente, Environment and Childhood) Project. Neurodevelopment was assessed using a standardized version of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA). Multivariate regression models were used for data analysis. RESULTS No association was found between Mn levels in serum and any of the McCarthy scales. However, the stratification by sex showed a positive and beneficial association of prenatal Mn levels and the verbal, quantitative and general-cognitive scales in girls (β (95%CI): 4 (0.03, 7.96), 4.5 (0.43, 8.57) and 4.32 (0.6, 8.05), respectively). CONCLUSIONS A beneficial association was found for the first time between prenatal Mn levels measured in serum and neurodevelopment of female offspring at 4 years of age, which could have implications on public health policies, specifically on the establishment of policies promoting prenatal health related to dietary deficits of micronutrients such as Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Irizar
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida Tolosa 70, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Amaia Molinuevo
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ainara Andiarena
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida Tolosa 70, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alba Jimeno-Romero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Anne San Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque, Spain
| | - Karin Broberg
- Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Soler-Blasco
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mario Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Health Information Systems Analysis Service, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
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