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Rolls N, Gotfredsen JL, Vestergaard M, Hansen AS, Koblauch H. Importance of stoma care nurses in preparing patients for stoma surgery and adjustment to life with a stoma. Br J Nurs 2023; 32:S32-S41. [PMID: 37682765 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2023.32.16.s32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stoma surgery is a life-changing event and patients must subsequently make significant adjustments to their lives. AIM The study set out to understand the level of interaction between patients and stoma care nurses (SCNs) in relation to preparing patients for stoma surgery and in adjustment to life with a stoma. METHODS Retrospective, self-reported questionnaires for patients and SCNs. FINDINGS Most patients (98%) with planned stoma surgery had pre-operative consultations with health professionals in contrast to 36% of patients with unplanned surgery, who did not. One third of patients with unplanned surgery did not feel prepared for life with a stoma based on the information provided during their hospital stay. Two thirds of the nurses reported having sufficient time to prepare patients for stoma surgery and to life with a stoma. CONCLUSION SCNs are key in preparing patients for surgery and for life with a stoma. Variations in care were experienced by patients having planned versus unplanned surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Rolls
- Lead Stoma Care Nurse, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust
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2
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Rasmussen EB, Thiele LS, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Hetland ML, Hørslev-Petersen K, Junker P, Østergaard M, Hansen AS, Hvid M, Deleuran B, Greisen SR. Baseline serum levels of IgA anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibodies in early rheumatoid arthritis predict radiographic progression after 11 years of treatment: a secondary analysis of the CIMESTRA study. Scand J Rheumatol 2023; 52:493-497. [PMID: 36255383 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2022.2127245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking and periodontitis are risk factors for developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), suggesting a break of tolerance on mucosal surfaces. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies are part of the mucosal immune system. The dominant autoantibodies in RA are anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), and IgG and IgA subclasses exist simultaneously. This study aimed to investigate the association of ACPA IgA subtypes with disease activity and long-term radiographic outcomes in RA, compared with ACPA IgG. METHOD Total ACPA IgG, IgA, IgA1, and IgA2 were quantified in serum from patients with early RA (n = 97). Patient characteristics, IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) status, clinical and biochemical disease activity scores, and radiographic status evaluated by total Sharp score (TSS), were assessed at baseline and after 2 and 11 years of treatment. RESULTS All patients with ACPA IgA also had ACPA IgG. ACPA IgA positivity was associated with IgM-RF and male gender. Both ACPA IgA and IgG levels at baseline were weakly associated with disease activity markers. Baseline ACPA IgA and IgG did not show a linear correlation with radiographic status after 10 years, but could predict radiographic progression (ΔTSS ≥ 5 from 0 to 11 years), with positive likelihood ratios of 3.7 and 4.0, respectively. CONCLUSION ACPA IgA and IgG were weakly associated with disease activity in early RA. RA patients with a ΔTSS ≥ 5 after 11 years of treatment had higher ACPA IgG and ACPA IgA levels at baseline; however, none of the ACPA subtypes was superior in predicting long-term radiographic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Rasmussen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L S Thiele
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K Stengaard-Pedersen
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M L Hetland
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - K Hørslev-Petersen
- Department of Rheumatology, King Christian X Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Graasten, Denmark
- Institute for Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Junker
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - M Østergaard
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - A S Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S R Greisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Hoejen AA, Larsen TB, Hansen AS, Johnsen SP, Rolving N. Experiences, perspectives, and practice patterns of pulmonary embolism follow-up in Denmark. A mixed method study informing the development of A sTrucTurEd INtegrateD post PE care model. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Practice patterns of follow-up after pulmonary embolism (PE) varies both within and between countries, and high-quality evidence to provide clinical guidance is lacking [1,2]. This study is part of the trial – A sTrucTurEd INtegrateD post Pulmonary Embolism care model (Attend-PE) aimed at developing and testing the effectiveness of a structured, integrated and patient-centered follow-up care model for patients with PE.
Purpose
To explore experiences, perspectives, and practice patterns of PE follow-up. Ultimately identifying and describing the opportunity space for a structured integrated post PE care model.
Methods
We performed a convergent mixed method study based on data from patient journey mapping including surveys, observations, and semi-structured patient interviews across all main hospitals treating PE in Denmark. An integrated mixed methods interpretation was conducted using joint displays.
Results
Main results are presented in joint displays in Figure 1 and 2. Observations and surveys were conducted at 18 hospitals including 12 in-depth patient-interviews.
The structure of care varied greatly. Patients expressed a need for early follow up and specialist care but at 18% of the sites first follow-up visit was not until 3–6 months after PE and 24% of the sites only had in-person contact with patients when follow-up echocardiography was needed. At some sites it was also highlighted that not all patients were referred to the post PE follow-up. anticoagulation clinics. Further, transition of care to the general practitioner was identified as a particular challenge.
All sites considered Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants the preferred anticoagulant treatment with low-molecular-weight heparins/Vitamin K antagonists as second choice. The possible need for extended treatment and reduced dose favored Rivaroxaban and Apixaban. The decision on treatment duration was most often taken at the 3–6-month follow-up visit, and patients described the decision on extended treatment as positive and reassuring.
Patient information (oral and written) varied greatly and was most often focused on anticoagulant treatment, while knowledge on PE in general, symptom management, and activity was scarce. Two sites offered structured group-based patient education, but unstructured patient education at the individual follow-up visits was most common.
Help and guidance on managing post-PE symptoms and returning to everyday life was perceived essential by patients, as it affected them both physically and mentally. However, none of the sites routinely offered or referred patients to rehabilitation.
Involvement of relatives was considered important but 33% of the hospital sites did not systematically encourage relatives to attend follow-up.
Conclusion
The considerable variation in structure of PE follow-up care demonstrated in this mixed method study highlights the need for a structured integrated post pulmonary embolism care model.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): The Danish Heart AssociationThe Novo Nordisk Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hoejen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - T B Larsen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - A S Hansen
- Aarhus University, Department of Public Health , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - S P Johnsen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Danish Center for Clinical Health Services Research , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - N Rolving
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy , Aarhus , Denmark
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Martins L, Down G, Andersen BD, Nielsen LF, Hansen AS, Herschend NO, Størling Z. The Ostomy Skin Tool 2.0: a new instrument for assessing peristomal skin changes. Br J Nurs 2022; 31:442-450. [PMID: 35439075 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2022.31.8.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peristomal skin complications (PSCs) are frequently reported postoperative complications. PSCs can present visibly or as symptoms such as pain, itching or burning sensations. AIM To develop a new tool that can capture a range of sensation symptoms together with visible complications and an objective assessment of discolouration in the peristomal area. METHOD Consensus from qualitative interviews with health professionals and people with an ostomy, and input from expert panels, formed the basis of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaire. A decision tree model was used to define a combined score including PRO and objectively assessed discolouration area. FINDINGS Six elements were included in the PRO questionnaire and four health states representing different severity levels of the peristomal skin were defined. CONCLUSION The Ostomy Skin Tool 2.0 is a sensitive tool that can be used to follow changes in the peristomal skin on a regular basis and thereby help prevent severe PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Martins
- Clinical Nurse Specialist, Wound, Ostomy and Continence, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian Down
- previously Nurse Consultant Stoma Care, Bristol; North Somerset and South Gloucestershire Clinical Commissioning Group, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Anne Steen Hansen
- Lead Medical Specialist, Coloplast A/S, Holtedam 1, 3050 Humlebæk, Denmark
| | | | - Zenia Størling
- Director of Clinical Strategies Coloplast A/S, Humlebæk, Denmark
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Martins L, Andersen BD, Colwell J, Down G, Forest-Lalande L, Novakova S, Probert R, Hedegaard CJ, Hansen AS. Challenges faced by people with a stoma: peristomal body profile risk factors and leakage. Br J Nurs 2022; 31:376-385. [PMID: 35404660 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2022.31.7.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM The Ostomy Life Study 2019 aimed to obtain a better understanding of the challenges faced by people with stoma. METHODS Online survey with participants from 17 countries. FINDINGS Of the 54 614 individuals invited to take part, 5187 responded; 62% of the respondents avoided physical and social activities because of their stoma and 37% had never consulted their stoma care nurse to have the fit of their stoma product checked. In a subgroup receiving questions on leakage (n=4209), output under the baseplate and leakage onto clothes were experienced within the previous month by 76% and 26% of respondents, respectively. Higher chance of leakage was associated with an irregular stoma shape and peristomal body profile; a stoma level at or below the skin surface; and the presence of creases, folds and other changes in the peristomal area. CONCLUSION Leakage and access to a stoma care nurse to provide the necessary care and guidance remain important concerns for individuals with a stoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Martins
- Clinical Nurse Specialist, Wound, Ostomy and Continence, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Janice Colwell
- Advanced Practice Nurse, Ostomy and Wound Care, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gillian Down
- previously Nurse Consultant Stoma Care, Bristol; North Somerset and South Gloucestershire Clinical Commissioning Group, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Svatava Novakova
- Enterostomal Therapist, Masaryk Hospital, Surgery Department, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Rosalind Probert
- Clinical Nurse Consultant Stomal Therapy, Wound Management Department, Division of Surgery, Queensland, Australia
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Bain K, Hansen AS. Strengthening implementation success using large-scale consensus decision-making - A new approach to creating medical practice guidelines. Eval Program Plann 2020; 79:101730. [PMID: 31785473 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A study involving over 2000 stoma care nurses in the development of best practice guidelines for the assessment of peristomal body profiles, patient engagement and patient follow-up was conducted in 2018. The study was designed to develop guidelines for stoma care treatment and product selection and to decrease the evidence to implementation gap. The project built on research evidence from a literature review of 77 articles. The results of the literature review were then used to inform a series of Delphi surveys sent out to stoma care nurses through Association and industry list-serves in 11 languages. The Delphi surveys were followed by a face2face professionally facilitated discussions among nurse-research experts. The project concluded with a facilitated consensus dialogue among 960 stoma care nurses from 25 countries, resulting in an implementation plan to ensure the guidelines become a normal part of routine patient care. The study resulted in a set of medical practice guidelines for stoma care nurses, designed to improve patient outcomes and patient quality of life, that were accepted and adopted into routine medical practice across 25 countries. This article describes the study and how the process used, coined the 'Modified Delphi Process' by the process designer, led to faster implementation than is generally experienced in the medical community.
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Abstract
Medical professionals follow evidence-based practice guidelines to achieve effective patient outcomes. Traditionally, to develop guidelines, a small group of experts examine evidence then agree on a set of statements, which are then published in journals. However, more than 7000 primary care journal articles are published monthly. This study examined a different way of drawing up practice guidelines, which involved large numbers of nurses from different countries directly in developing then disseminating the guidelines to speed up acceptance and the implementation of best practice. The results were consensus-based best practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with ostomies, which have received a high level of acceptance and enthusiasm from practitioners in 27 countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah James-Reid
- Lead Nurse Stoma Care, Ashford and St Peters NHS Foundation Trust, Lyne, Chertsey, UK
| | - Kimberly Bain
- International Association of Facilitators Certified Professional Facilitator, BainGroup Consulting
| | | | - Grethe Vendelbo
- Nurse, Hospitalsenheden Vest, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
| | | | - Janice Colwell
- Advanced Practice Nurse in Wound, Ostomy and Skin Care, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, USA
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Tielemans C, Probert R, Forest-Lalande L, Hansen AS, Aggerholm S, Ajslev TA. Evaluation of a new ostomy mouldable seal: an international product evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 25:S16-S22. [DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2016.25.22.s16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalind Probert
- Clinical Nurse Consultant, Stomal Therapy Wound Management, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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9
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Jemec GB, Martins L, Claessens I, Ayello EA, Hansen AS, Poulsen LH, Sibbald RG. Assessing peristomal skin changes in ostomy patients: validation of the Ostomy Skin Tool. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:330-5. [PMID: 20973766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peristomal skin problems are common and are treated by a variety of health professionals. Clear and consistent communication among these professionals is therefore particularly important. The Ostomy Skin Tool (OST) is a new assessment instrument for the extent and severity of peristomal skin conditions. Formal tests of reliability and validity are necessary for its use in clinical practice, research, and education. OBJECTIVES To estimate inter- and intra nurse assessment variability of the OST and validity by comparison to a 'gold standard' (GS) defined by an expert panel. METHODS Thirty photographs of peristomal skin were presented twice to 20 ostomy care nurses--10 from Denmark (DK) and 10 from Spain (ES)--to determine intra- and inter nurse assessment variability. The same photographs were presented to an international group of experts (dermatologist and ostomy care nurses), to establish a GS for comparison and validation of the results. RESULTS A high intra-nurse assessment agreement, κ=0·84, was found with no differences in the intra-nurse assessments from the two groups of nurses (DK and ES). The inter-nurse assessment agreement was 'moderate to good', κ=0·54, with the agreement between the experts higher, κ=0·70. A high correlation between the scores from the nurses and the GS were seen in the lower part of the two scales [Discoloration, Erosion, Tissue overgrowth (DET) score<7)]. CONCLUSION The study supported the validity of the OST. It is suggested that a categorical scale can be used to illustrate the severity of the DET scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Jemec
- Department of Dermatology, Roskilde Hospital, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Martins L, Samai O, Fernández A, Urquhart M, Hansen AS. Maintaining healthy skin around an ostomy: peristomal skin disorders and self-assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.12968/gasn.2011.9.sup2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Martins
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oirda Samai
- Jean Marcel General Hospital, Traverse des Capucins, Brignoles, France
| | | | - Mary Urquhart
- Queen Margaret Hospital, Whitefield Road, Dunfermline, Fife, UK
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Martins L, Ayello EA, Claessens I, Steen Hansen A, Hentze Poulsen L, Gary Sibbald R, Jemec GB. The Ostomy Skin Tool: tracking peristomal skin changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 19:960, 932-4. [DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2010.19.15.77691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Martins
- Enterostomal Therapy Nurse London Health Sciences Centre, Ontario Elizabeth
| | | | - Ineke Claessens
- Stoma, Incontinence and Fistula/Wound Management, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - R Gary Sibbald
- University of Toronto, Della Lana School of Public Health Sciences
- Medicine, Toronto
| | - Gregor B Jemec
- Department of Dermatology, Roskilde Hospital,sciences
- University of Copenhagen
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Hansen AS, Marckmann P, Dragsted LO, Finné Nielsen IL, Nielsen SE, Grønbaek M. Effect of red wine and red grape extract on blood lipids, haemostatic factors, and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005; 59:449-55. [PMID: 15674304 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some epidemiological studies found a lower risk of cardiovascular disease among wine drinkers than among drinkers of other types of ethanol. This difference might be due to an effect of nonalcohol compounds in wine on important cardiovascular risk factors. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of red wine, nonalcohol compounds of red wine and placebo on established cardiovascular risk factors. DESIGN A parallel, four-armed intervention study. SUBJECTS A total of 69 healthy 38-74-y-old men and women. INTERVENTIONS Subjects were randomised to either 1: red wine (males: 300 ml/day, 38.3 g alcohol/day, female subjects: 200 ml/day, 25.5 g alcohol/day), 2: water + red grape extract tablets (wine-equivalent dose), 3: water + red grape extract tablets (half dose), or 4: water + placebo tablets for a period of 4 weeks. No other sources of alcohol or anthocyanin were allowed. Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C/LDL-C-ratio, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, fibrinogen, factor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc), blood pressure, and body weight were determined before and after intervention. RESULTS Wine consumption was associated with a significant 11-16% increase in fasting HDL-C and 8-15% decrease in fasting fibrinogen relative to not drinking wine. There were no significant treatment effects on fasting LDL-C, HDL-C/LDL-C-ratio, VLDL-triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, FVIIc, or blood pressure. Drinking wine was associated with relative body weight increments closely corresponding to the energy contributed by the alcohol component. CONCLUSION Moderate red wine consumption for 4 weeks is associated with desirable changes in HDL-C and fibrinogen compared with drinking water with or without red grape extract. The impact of wine on the measured cardiovascular risk factors thus seems primarily explained by an alcohol effect. Our finding suggests that the putative difference in cardiac risk associated with wine vs other alcoholic beverages might be rather explained by other life-style confounders than by red wine contents of nonalcohol components.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hansen
- Research Department of Human Nutrition, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Agerholm-Larsen L, Raben A, Haulrik N, Hansen AS, Manders M, Astrup A. Effect of 8 week intake of probiotic milk products on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000; 54:288-97. [PMID: 10745279 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a probiotic milk product containing the culture CAUSIDO(R) and of two alternative products on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in overweight and obese subjects. DESIGN An 8 week randomized, double-blind, placebo- and compliance-controlled, parallel study. SUBJECTS Seventy healthy, weight-stable, overweight and obese (25.0<BMI<37.5 kg/m2) males (n=20) and females (n=50), 18-55 y old, were randomly assigned into five groups. INTERVENTION Four groups consumed 450 ml fermented milk products (yoghurt) daily. Group 1: a yoghurt fermented with two strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and two strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus (StLa). Group 2: a placebo yoghurt fermented with delta-acid-lactone (PY). Group 3: a yoghurt fermented with two strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and one strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (StLr). Group 4: a yoghurt fermented with one strain of Enterococcus faecium and two strains of Streptococcus thermophilus (CAUSIDO(R) culture), GAIO(R) (G). The dietary composition of the yoghurt was otherwise similar. The fifth group was given two placebo pills (PP) daily. RESULTS When comparing all five treatment groups, unadjusted for changes in body weight, no statistical effects were observed in week 8 in the G-group on low density lipoproteins (LDL)-cholesterol (P=0.29). After adjustment for small changes in body weight, LDL-cholesterol decreased by 8.4% (0.26+/-0.10 mmol/l; P<0.05) and fibrinogen increased (0.74+/-0.32 mmol/l; P<0.05) after 8 weeks in the G-group. This was significantly different from the group consuming chemically fermented yoghurt and the group consuming placebo pills (P<0.05). After 8 weeks, systolic blood pressure was significantly more reduced in the StLa and G-group compared to StLr. No other differences were found. CONCLUSION The CAUSIDO(R) culture reduced LDL-cholesterol and increased fibrinogen in the overweight subjects at a 450 ml consumption daily for 8 weeks. The effect on LDL-cholesterol confirms previous studies. An immunostimulation by one of the strains in the product might explain the effect on fibrinogen in the G-group. SPONSORSHIP MD Foods A/S, Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Agerholm-Larsen
- Research Department of Human Nutrition, Centre for Food Research, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Olsen AC, Pedersen LO, Hansen AS, Nissen MH, Olsen M, Hansen PR, Holm A, Buus S. A quantitative assay to measure the interaction between immunogenic peptides and purified class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24:385-92. [PMID: 8299688 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830240218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A direct and sensitive biochemical assay to measure the interaction in solution between peptides and affinity-purified major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules has been generated. Specific binding reflecting the known class I restriction of cytotoxic T cell responses was obtained. Adding an excess of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) significantly increased the rate of peptide association, but it did not affect the rate of dissociation. Binding was complicated by a rapid and apparently irreversible loss of functional MHC class I at 37 degrees C which might limit the life span of empty MHC class I thereby preventing the inadvertent exchange of peptides at the target cell surface. All class I molecules tested bound peptides of the canonical octa- to nona-meric length. However, one class I molecule, Kk, also bound peptides, which were much longer suggesting that the preference of class I molecules for short epitopes is not absolute and may be caused by factors other than the peptide-MHC class I binding event itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Olsen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Pedersen LO, Hansen AS, Olsen AC, Gerwien J, Nissen MH, Buus S. The interaction between beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) and purified class-I major histocompatibility (MHC) antigen. Scand J Immunol 1994; 39:64-72. [PMID: 8290894 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The function of MHC class-I molecules is to sample peptides from the intracellular environment and present them to CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. To understand the molecular details of the assembly (and disassembly) of peptide-beta 2m-class-I complexes a biochemical peptide-class-I binding assay has been generated recently and this paper reports on a similar assay for the interaction between beta 2m and class I. As a model system human beta 2m binding to mouse class I was used. The assay is strictly biochemical using purified reagents which interact in solution and complex formation is determined by size separation. It is specific and highly sensitive. The observed affinity of the interaction, KD, is close to 0.4 nM. The rate of association at 37 degrees C is very fast (the ka is around 5 x 10(4)/M/s) whereas the dissociation is slow (the kd is around 8 x 10(-6)/s); the ratio of dissociation to association yields a calculated KD close to the observed value. At 37 degrees C almost all of the purified class I participates in binding of the exogenously offered beta 2m showing that a considerable exchange of the endogenous beta 2m occurs. Finally, it was demonstrated that exogenous beta 2m enhances binding to MHC class-I of short perfectly-matching peptides as well as longer peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O Pedersen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Hansen AS, Norén O, Sjöström H, Werdelin O. A mouse aminopeptidase N is a marker for antigen-presenting cells and appears to be co-expressed with major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:2358-64. [PMID: 8103749 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830230946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the expression of mouse aminopeptidase N (APN) on the cells of the immune system a panel of rat monoclonal antibodies against mouse intestinal APN was generated. These antibodies were used to affinity purify functional mouse APN from both intestine and kidney, and by flow cytometry to examine the APN expression of the cells of the mouse immune system. An APN closely related, perhaps identical, to the intestinal APN was expressed on a subpopulation of spleen cells and stimulated peritoneal exudate cells, primarily representing antigen-presenting cells, such as B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and veiled cells. In contrast this APN expression could not be detected on thymocytes or spleen T cells. As a corollary, APN was expressed on monocyte, macrophage, and B lymphoma cell lines, but not on T hybridoma or thymoma cell lines. The expression of APN showed a striking correlation with the MHC class II expression in all the cell populations studied. This apparent co-expression suggests a role for APN in antigen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Mouritsen S, Meldal M, Werdelin O, Hansen AS, Buus S. MHC molecules protect T cell epitopes against proteolytic destruction. J Immunol 1992; 149:1987-93. [PMID: 1381392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a subtle duality in the role of proteolytic enzymes in Ag processing. They are required to fragment protein Ag ingested by APC. However, prolonged exposure to proteolytic enzymes may lead to a complete degradation of the Ag, leaving nothing for the T cell system to recognize. What ensures that some of the Ag is salvaged? Using a cell-free system we demonstrate that an Ag fragment, once bound to a MHC class II molecule, is effectively protected against proteolytic destruction by cathepsin B and pronase E. The bound fragment, however, can be modified by aminopeptidase N. We suggest that MHC class II molecules play an important regulatory role in the physiologic processing of Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mouritsen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institutet, Denmark
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18
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Mouritsen S, Meldal M, Werdelin O, Hansen AS, Buus S. MHC molecules protect T cell epitopes against proteolytic destruction. The Journal of Immunology 1992. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.149.6.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
There is a subtle duality in the role of proteolytic enzymes in Ag processing. They are required to fragment protein Ag ingested by APC. However, prolonged exposure to proteolytic enzymes may lead to a complete degradation of the Ag, leaving nothing for the T cell system to recognize. What ensures that some of the Ag is salvaged? Using a cell-free system we demonstrate that an Ag fragment, once bound to a MHC class II molecule, is effectively protected against proteolytic destruction by cathepsin B and pronase E. The bound fragment, however, can be modified by aminopeptidase N. We suggest that MHC class II molecules play an important regulatory role in the physiologic processing of Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mouritsen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institutet, Denmark
| | - M Meldal
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institutet, Denmark
| | - O Werdelin
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institutet, Denmark
| | - A S Hansen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institutet, Denmark
| | - S Buus
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institutet, Denmark
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19
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Mouritsen S, Hansen AS, Petersen BL, Buus S. pH dependence of the interaction between immunogenic peptides and MHC class II molecules. Evidence for an acidic intracellular compartment being the organelle of interaction. J Immunol 1992; 148:1438-44. [PMID: 1538129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pH dependence of the interaction between immunogenic peptide and MHC class II was studied both in a direct biochemical binding assay and in a functional Ag presentation assay. The two approaches yielded similar results. All of the peptides tested bound optimally to their relevant MHC class II restriction element at around pH 4.5. Indeed, several of the peptides did not bind at neutral pH. These results demonstrate that Ag under physiologic conditions meet MHC class II in a quite acidic environment. The very acidic pH optimal for peptide-MHC class II interaction is only found intracellularly and most notably in the endosome-lysosome compartment in which Ag processing is thought to occur. Thus, Ag processing and interaction with MHC class II molecules can potentially happen in the very same compartment. This yet undefined acidic compartment would have to contain proteolytic enzymes and MHC class II molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mouritsen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Mouritsen S, Hansen AS, Petersen BL, Buus S. pH dependence of the interaction between immunogenic peptides and MHC class II molecules. Evidence for an acidic intracellular compartment being the organelle of interaction. The Journal of Immunology 1992. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.148.5.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The pH dependence of the interaction between immunogenic peptide and MHC class II was studied both in a direct biochemical binding assay and in a functional Ag presentation assay. The two approaches yielded similar results. All of the peptides tested bound optimally to their relevant MHC class II restriction element at around pH 4.5. Indeed, several of the peptides did not bind at neutral pH. These results demonstrate that Ag under physiologic conditions meet MHC class II in a quite acidic environment. The very acidic pH optimal for peptide-MHC class II interaction is only found intracellularly and most notably in the endosome-lysosome compartment in which Ag processing is thought to occur. Thus, Ag processing and interaction with MHC class II molecules can potentially happen in the very same compartment. This yet undefined acidic compartment would have to contain proteolytic enzymes and MHC class II molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mouritsen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A S Hansen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B L Petersen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Buus
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Abstract
The toxicity and efficacy of two oximes, HLö-7 and pyrimidoxime, were evaluated in mice and compared to those obtained with HI-6. HLö-7 and pyrimidoxime produced 24 h LD50 values of 356 and 291 mg/kg (i.p.), respectively. In combination with atropine (17.4 mg/kg, i.p.), HLö-7 was a very efficient therapy against poisoning by 3 x LD50 dose of soman, sarin and GF and 2 x LD50 dose of tabun with ED50 values of 12.4, 0.31, 0.32 and 25.2 mg/kg, respectively. In contrast, pyrimidoxime was a relatively poor therapy which resulted in ED50 values of greater than 150, 5.88, 100 and 71 mg/kg against poisoning by soman, sarin, GF and tabun, respectively. HLö-7 produced significant (p less than 0.05) reactivation of phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase, in vivo, resulting in 47, 38, 27 and 10% reactivation of sarin, GF, soman and tabun inhibited mouse diaphragm acetylcholinesterase, respectively. HLö-7 also antagonized sarin-induced hypothermia in mice suggesting that it reactivated central acetylcholinesterase. The potential of HLö-7 as a replacement oxime for the treatment of nerve agent poisoning is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Clement
- Biomedical Defence Section, Defence Research Establishment Suffield, Ralston, Alta., Canada
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22
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Abstract
Three oximes currently being evaluated for adoption as replacement nerve agent therapy by various countries were compared for therapeutic efficacy against the toxic organophosphate inhibitors soman and tabun under a standard set of conditions. These oximes together with PAM-Cl and toxogonin, were also compared for efficacy against GF, an agent weaponized by Iraq. The order of effectiveness against soman was HI-6 greater than HLö-7 greater than pyrimidoxime. HLö-7 was very effective against tabun poisoning while HI-6 and pyrimidoxime were of moderate value. Against GF, HI-6 and HLö-7 were extremely effective, toxogonin was moderately effective, and PAM-Cl and pyrimidoxime were the least effective. HI-6 provided a high level of protection against all of the agents tested as did HLö-7 to a slightly lesser degree. The other oximes suffered from their lack of effects against one or more of the organophosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Lundy
- Defence Research Establishment Suffield, Ralston, Alberta, Canada
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23
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Sawyer TW, Weiss MT, Boulet CA, Hansen AS. Toxicity of organophosphate nerve agents and related phosphonylated oximes compared to their anticholinesterase activity in neuron cultures. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1991; 17:208-14. [PMID: 1916076 DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oximes, such as pralidoxime and toxogonin, are important therapeutic agents for the treatment of organophosphate (OP) nerve agent poisoning. Oximes can react with these nerve agents to give intermediates, phosphonylated oximes, which may be equally toxic to the parent OP. The sc LD50s of a series of phosphonylated 2-butanone and 2,3-butanedione monoximes were compared to the sc LD50s of their parent OPs (tabun, sarin, and VX) in CD-1 mice. In every case the derivatives were significantly less toxic than their parent nerve agents. Times to death, and to signs of poisoning, were inversely proportional to the dose of test compound, and in all mortalities, blood serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was severely inhibited. The relative potencies of these compounds, as well as soman, cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate, and diisopropyl fluorophosphate, as inhibitors of AChE in primary cultures of mouse embryo neurons, correlated with their in vivo toxicities. The results indicate that mouse embryo neuron cultures may be a useful model with which to study this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Sawyer
- Biomedical Defence Section, Defence Research Establishment Suffield, Medicine Hat, Alberta
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Rasmussen P, Hansen AS, Berg E. Inherited retarded eruption. ASDC J Dent Child 1983; 50:268-73. [PMID: 6578221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Hansen AS. Utilization review. Employee Benefit Plan Rev 1982; 37:24-6, 32. [PMID: 10258202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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26
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Hansen AS, Raadal M. [The caries situation among patients with cleft lip and cleft palate]. Nor Tannlaegeforen Tid 1981; 91:185-9. [PMID: 6940099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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27
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Parsons OA, Schneider JM, Hansen AS. Internal-external locus of control and national stereotypes in Denmark and the United States. J Consult Clin Psychol 1970; 35:30-7. [PMID: 5487605 DOI: 10.1037/h0029594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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